RESUMEN
Fever is regarded as a physiological response to infection both in endothermic and ectothermic animals. In ectotherms, fevers are achieved only behaviorally, and has been described in many vertebrates' and few invertebrates' groups. In snails only symptoms of reverse fever as a response to trematode invasion were found. Present work reports on the effects of two different pyrogens - lipopolysaccharide extracted from Escherichia coli (LPS), and zymosan - from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the thermal behavior of wintering (studied during a winter season) specimens of the Planorbarius corneus (L.). Using the thermal gradient protocol we demonstrate that the individuals of this snail species responded with behavioral fevers to dosages of pyrogens. LPS injection to the surface of the snail's foot at a dose of 10 µg/g resulted in a significant increase in preferred temperature at 5h after injection. Similarly zymosan at a dose of 0.5 and 1.0 µg/g - caused fever at 8h and 9h respectively. Average temperature chosen by feverish animals after latency period reached 28.7±0.41 °C (LPS), 28.1±0.43 °C (zymosan 1.0 µg/g) or 25.5±0.33 °C (zymosan 0.5 µg/g). We conclude, therefore, that snails are capable of reacting with fever to selected pathogen associated factors, and P. corneus can be used as a model to study a behavioral fever phenomenon in invertebrate animals.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/fisiología , Pirógenos/farmacología , Caracoles/fisiología , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Estaciones del Año , Temperatura , Zimosan/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The studies were carried out between 1997-1999 within the administrative district of Torun. Forty sports pigeon breeders together with their pigeonswere understudy annually. The collected material allowed noticing the following issues: in 1997 and 1998 the Argas reflexus (Fabricius, 1794) was present in dovecotes (individuals) and t he breeds' owners were pricked. In 1998 numerous specimens of the A. reflexus were obtained from the material from the sanitary-epidemiological station. The specimens were collected from the bodies of the people, family members and from their flat located on the highest third floor of the old house. In the mite-infected dovecotes and in the old houserooms, the following steps were suggested: mechanical cleansing, whitewashing, disinfecting, and triple disinsecting, with fourteen-day-long intervals. The people with the symptoms of acariosis were subjected to treatment with calcium, anti-allergic, and anti-fever mixtures, and, in some cases, cortisone ointments were applied. In spite of a considerable growth in the symptoms, the used methods turned out to be successful in all the studied cases.
Asunto(s)
Argas , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Columbidae/parasitología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/prevención & control , Animales , Vectores Arácnidos , Argas/fisiología , Causalidad , Comorbilidad , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/parasitología , Dermatitis Atópica/terapia , Humanos , Incidencia , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/epidemiología , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/prevención & control , Polonia/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/parasitologíaRESUMEN
The studies were conducted between 1999 and 2001 in two hunting regions. Larval alariosis was revealed in the boars only in one of the studied regions. In this region, the results of the parasitological studies, conducted towards A. alata in the direct host (domestic dogs) and indirect hosts (snails: Planorbis planorbis and Anisus vortex as well as frogs: Rana temporaria and Rana terrestris) were also positive. The lack of the host snails A. alata in the other region might have resulted from no presence of the parasite in the boar.
Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes/parasitología , Ranidae/parasitología , Caracoles/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/parasitología , Porcinos/parasitología , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Animales , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Vectores de Enfermedades , Perros , Vivienda para Animales , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/métodos , Polonia , Trematodos/fisiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
There are numerous cases of dermatitis described world-wide and resulting from the influence of the furcocercaria of the bird schistosome. The host snail species of the schistosome, producing thousands of furcocercaria are common in our country. But, because of too general symptoms of dermatitis resulting from the influence of the schistosome of the larvae, there are many unrecognisable cases. The reaction described was typical of a twenty-seven-year-old man collecting snails in the Piechota Bay in Gostynin (the Province of Kuyavia and Pomerania). In that reservoir, individuals of Lymnaea stagnalis were found, which were infected with sporocysts and furcocercaria of Trichobilharzia ocellata. In the laboratory conditions, a high expulsion of cercaria was observed, which amounted to over 8000 larvae per snail.
Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Esquistosomiasis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/diagnóstico , Caracoles/parasitología , Adulto , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/transmisión , Aves/parasitología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/parasitología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/terapia , Agua Dulce/parasitología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Humanos , Masculino , Schistosoma/clasificación , Schistosoma/patogenicidad , Esquistosomiasis/parasitología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/parasitología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/terapiaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of visual disability. Long-term studies on visual disability have been conducted in Olsztyn Province since 1989. A standardized register has comprised 292 patients with diabetes type 1 and 2 whose visual disability resulted from diabetes. Visual disability incidence was expressed by means of a standard rate describing the number of newly diagnosed cases of visual disability per 100,000 population per year. Diabetes related visual disability incidence rate ranged from 2.52/100,000 population in 1990 to 3.08/100,000 population in 1999. For diabetes type 1, visual disability incidence rate was 1.20/100,000 population in 1990 and 1.03/100,000 population in 1999. For diabetes type 2, the rate was 1.33/100,000 population in 1990, increased to 4.66/100,000 population in 1995, and decreased to 2.05/100,000 in 1999. The rate was twice as high among women as among men. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The incidence of visual disability in 1990-1999 was 2.52 to 3.08/100,000 population on average. For type 2 diabetes it was significantly higher than for type 1 diabetes. 2. The monitoring of visual disability is a good indicator of diabetological care.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/epidemiología , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Retinopatía Diabética/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Distribución por Sexo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The studies were conducted in three big fully automaticised egg-laying farms within the boundaries of Torun Voivodship, where Dermanyssus gallinae (DE GEER 1778) was present. The increased invasion of the parasite on one of the farms resulted in the presence of all clinical symptoms of dermanyssosis. A considerable decrease in the body weight, anaemia and organism exhaustion were observed. A growth in the hens' death rate from 1% (when they were not contaminated) to 4% was observed. There was also a decrease in egg-laying, particularly in its top phase. When breeding farms are not contaminated, egg-laying amounts normally to 91-93%, whereas in the contaminated farm the percentage lowered to 80-82%. The hens' death rate, a decrease in the egg production as well as a fall in the productive cycle by two months resulted in economical losses suffered by the farm owner. Having excluded the treatment costs, the sum amounted to c. 36,000 PLN in a single production cycle. To fight the parasite effectively, cleansing frequency, desinfecting with Wirkon and Pollena Jod K or caustic soda, and disinsectization with Neguvon and Alfasep 10WP were increased.
Asunto(s)
Ascaridiasis/epidemiología , Ascaridiasis/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Ácaros/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/parasitología , Aves de Corral/parasitología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Femenino , Vivienda para Animales/normas , Infestaciones por Ácaros/mortalidad , Infestaciones por Ácaros/prevención & control , Ácaros , Oviposición , Polonia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/mortalidad , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Control de Ácaros y Garrapatas/métodosRESUMEN
Parasitical invasions constitute a serious veterinary-economic problem in pheasant breeding. The studies were carried out between 1995-1997 in a big breeding centre situated in the Middle Pomerania region, where the basic flock amounted to 1000-1200 bird individuals. The aim of the study was to determine a condition of the pheasants' affliction with nematodes, reasons for the invasion and possibilities of a decrease in the losses thus brought about. In the subsequent years, the flock affliction reached the following proportions: 40% in 1995, 42% in 1996, and 68% in 1997. Between 1995 and 1996, the findings revealed eggs of the nematode Capillaria sp (C. anatis and C. phasianina) in their faeces, with less frequent cases of Trichostrongylus tenuis, Heterakis isolonche and Syngamus trachea. Between 1995-1996 40% deaths in the afflicted flock were brought about by Syngamus trachea whilst in 1997 syngamosis resulted in 80% deaths among the afflicted birds. To determine reasons for the confirmed nematode invasion in the studied period during which all the requirements were fulfilled in the pheasant breeding, conclusions were drawn on the basis of the study. Also, preventive measures were suggested to stop any further appearance of syngamosis or losses due to other endoparasites, as those in 1997.
Asunto(s)
Crianza de Animales Domésticos/economía , Enfermedades de las Aves/economía , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Galliformes/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/economía , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/mortalidad , Capillaria/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/mortalidad , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Polonia , Estrongílidos/aislamiento & purificación , Traqueítis/economía , Traqueítis/mortalidad , Traqueítis/parasitología , Traqueítis/veterinaria , Trichostrongylus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to determine a reason for failing health eondition and deaths among the ostriches in the newly-established breeding farm situated within the boundaries of Torun Voivodship. Both initial observations and examinations of three alive and two dead birds presupposed an appearance of ectoparasitical disease. The autopsies were performed and the specimens for bacteriological and parasitological studies were subsequently obtained. The ectoparasitically-directed studies were the only positive result; the individuals of Cnemidocoptes mutans and unrecognised Acarina species were found. Although the overall treatment (Ivomec) and breeding-rooms extermination of vermin (Neguvon 2%) were held, health conditions of the ostriches failed to improve and, as a result, all the birds died. The breeding farm was closed down wich the owner having suffered financially. The study allowed to draw conclusions concerning reasons for Acarina invasion and subsequent deaths among the birds.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/diagnóstico , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/diagnóstico , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Struthioniformes/parasitología , Ácaros y Garrapatas/clasificación , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Animales Domésticos , Enfermedades de las Aves/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Polonia , Triclorfón/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The compatibility of the species forming the fluke-snail complex is biochemical in nature. Trematode larvae are capable of modulating the immunological response of the host, while snails are capable of secreting substances affecting the mobility of the parasites invasive stages.