RESUMEN
The interaction between lead, copper, cadmium and zinc in their binary combinations was investigated in Indian mustard seedlings (Brassica juncea L. var. Malopolska). Fourteen-days-old seedlings were treated with Pb(NO3)2, CuSO4, CdCl2, ZnSO4 at 50µmol of metal ion concentration and at 25µmol of each metal ion in combinations. Metal combinations were generally more inhibiting in terms of biomass production. This inhibiting effect followed an order: Cu+Cd>Cu+Zn, Cd+Pb>Cu+Pb>Zn+Pb, Cu>Cd>Zn>Zn+Cd>Pb. We observed synergistic and antagonistic effects of metal uptake in binary metal treatments, suggesting metal crosstalk at the plant uptake site. Metal content in plant tissues varied among different combinations. The metal concentrations followed an order of Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd in roots, Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd in the stem and Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb in leaves. Presence of metals altered the distribution of micronutrients (Cu, Zn) in plants: Cu concentration was lowered in roots and leaves and increased in stems; Zn content was increased in plants, with stems having up to 4 or 5 times more Zn than in control plants.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Plomo/metabolismo , Planta de la Mostaza/metabolismo , Zinc/metabolismo , Biomasa , Clorofila/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Protected areas due to their long-term protection are expected to be characterized by good water quality. However, in catchments where arable fields dominate, the impact of agriculture on water pollution is still problematic. In Poland, recently, the fertilization level has decreased, mostly for economic reasons. However, this applies primarily to phosphorus and potassium. In order to evaluate the impact of agriculture on water quality in a protected area with a high proportion of arable fields in the aspect of level and type of fertilization, complex monitoring has been applied. The present study was carried out in Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone, which are protected under Natura 2000 as Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas. The aim of the study were (1) to assess the impact of agriculture, with special attention on fertilization, on groundwater, and running water quality and (2) to designate priority areas for implementing nitrogen reduction measures in special attention on protected areas. In our study, high nitrogen concentrations in groundwater and surface waters were detected in the agricultural catchments. The results demonstrate that in the watersheds dominated by arable fields, high nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were measured in comparison to forestry catchments, where high ammonium concentrations were observed. The highest nitrogen concentrations were noted in spring after winter freezing, with a small cover of vegetation, and in the areas with a high level of nitrogen application. In the studied areas, both in the park and its buffer zone, unfavorable N:P and N:K ratios in supplied nutrients were detected. Severe shortage of phosphorus and potassium in applied fertilizers is one of the major factors causing leaching of nitrogen due to limited possibilities of its consumption by plants.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agua Subterránea/química , Nitratos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Fertilizantes/análisis , Agua Dulce/química , Nitrógeno/análisis , Óxidos de Nitrógeno , Fósforo/análisis , Polonia , Contaminación del Agua/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad del AguaRESUMEN
Tropospheric ozone causes visible injuries in selected plants. Some plant species have been recognized as resistant and sensitive to ozone. Differences in the response to ozone of two kinds of plants are interesting because of practical implications. Resistant cultivars (without visible symptoms) will be more valuable for agriculture, forestry and horticulture. It is, however, necessary to find out the reason of the occurrence of the visible symptoms. The presented studies focused on selected morphological and anatomical differences between well-known ozone-sensitive (Bel W3) and -resistant (Bel B) cultivars of tobacco plants. Daily growth of the sensitive cultivar was higher than that of the resistant one. This tendency was also valid for the leaf growth which might have been the response of the sensitive cultivar to decreased photosynthetic leaf area (necrosis) caused by ozone. Morphological investigations revealed thinner upper epidermal cells in the sensitive cultivar. Moreover, a decrease of spongy mesophyll cell layers was observed. The obtained results suggest that it is the anatomical structure that may be partly responsible for ozone resistance - wider epidermal cells, more spongy mesophyll cell layers.