RESUMEN
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women around the world, and mortality is primarily caused by micro-metastatic disease. The complex mechanisms of breast cancer invasion and metastasis are intrinsically related to the malignant cell type so that early detection of micro-metastases can help prolongation of survival for patient. The aim of the present research work was evaluation of the expression status of mammoglobin protein as a candidate molecular marker in the negative sentinel lymph node (SLN). Fifty tumor specimens, and 50 normal adjacent breast tissue samples from the same patients were selected on the basis of having more than 10% tumor content for RNA extraction from SLNs. Tumor samples and normal adjacent breast tissue were archived in the form of frozen fresh tissue in liquid nitrogen. Real-time PCR was performed on a Bioner life express gradient thermal cycler system. Mammoglobin gene overexpression in breast cancer metastasis was investigated. Single marker results were mammaglobin 66.7% and CK19 50.0%, with 58.3% for the two in combination. Due to improved outcome with at least 3 genes (83.3%), it seems, triple marker evaluation will be most likely useful for detecting micro-metastases instead of studying separate genes.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Ganglio Linfático Centinela/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Micrometástasis de Neoplasia , Pronóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Ganglio Linfático Centinela/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The up-regulation of telomerase gene expression occurs in numerous cancers such as breast cancer. A recent study used the PLGA-PEG-helenalin complex, and free helenalin, to inhibit the expression of telomerase in the breast cancer cell line. The purpose of this study was to examine whether nano encapsulating helenalin improves the anti-cancer effect of free helenalin in the T47D breast cancer cell line. METHOD: The breast cancer cell line (T47D) was grown in the RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% FBS. The helenalin was encapsulated by the double emulsion method. Then, the drug loading was calculated and its morphology identified by SEM. Other properties of this copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy. The assessment of drug cytotoxicity on the growth of the breast cancer cell line was carried out through MTT assay. After treating the cells with a given amount of drug, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. In order to assess the amount of telomerase gene expression, real-time PCR was performed. RESULTS: With regard to the amount of the drug loaded, IC50 value was significantly decreased in nanocapsulated (NC) helenalin, in comparison with that of free helenalin. This finding has been proved through the decrease of telomerase gene expression by real-time PCR. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrated that the NC-helenalin complex is more effective than free helenalin in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Nanocápsulas/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Telomerasa/genética , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Portadores de Fármacos/toxicidad , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/química , Nanocápsulas/toxicidad , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polietilenglicoles/química , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Seguridad , Sesquiterpenos de GuayanoRESUMEN
Electrospinning uses an electrical charge to draw very fine (typically on the micro or nano scale) fibers from a liquid. Electrospinning or electrostatic spinning shares characteristics of both electrospraying and conventional solution dry spinning of fibers. The method does not need the use of coagulation chemistry or high temperatures to produce solid threads from solution. This makes the process particularly suited for the production of fibers using large and complex molecules. Because the full potential of biomaterials being used in various applications, field of nanofibers have involved considerable interest in biotechnology and medicine and there has been fast development in this area in recent years.