RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has a profound impact on surgical management of breast cancer. For this reason, the Italian Association of Breast Surgeons (ANISC) promoted the third national Consensus Conference on this subject, open to multidisciplinary specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Consensus Conference was held on-line in November 2022, and after an introductory session with five core-team experts, participants were asked to vote on eleven controversial issues, while results were collected in real-time with a polling system. RESULTS: A total of 164 dedicated specialists from 74 Breast Centers participated. Consensus was reached for only three of the eleven issues, including: 1) the indication to assess the response with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (79 %); 2) the need to re-assess the biological factors of the residual tumor if present (96 %); 3) the possibility of omitting a formal axillary node dissection for cN1 patients if a pathologic Complete Response (pCR) was confirmed with analysis of one or more sentinel lymph nodes (82 %). The majority voted in favor of mapping both the breast and nodal lesions pre-NAC (59 %), and against the omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cN0 patients in the case of pathologic or clinical Complete Response (69 %). In cases of cT3/cN1+ tumors with pCR, only 8 % of participants considered appropriate the omission of Post-Mastectomy Radiation Therapy. CONCLUSION: There is still a wide variability in surgical approaches after NAC in the "real world". As NAC is increasingly used, multidisciplinary teams should be attuned to conforming their procedures to the rapid advances in this field.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Femenino , Italia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Consenso , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático Centinela , Neoplasia Residual , AxilaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative examination of retro-areolar margin (IERM) often is used during nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) for cancer, but there is no robust data regarding its real advantage. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing NSM for cancer with omission of IERM according to institutional protocols from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The decision to maintain or remove the Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) after definitive pathology was taken at the multidisciplinary meeting. RESULTS: Among 162 women operated in the study period, the presence of neoplastic cells within 2 mm from the inked retroareolar margin (RAM) was detected at permanent pathology in 17 cases (10.5%). Nipple-Areola-Complex (NAC) was removed postoperatively in five patients (3%) for margins <1 mm, the other 12 were observed, whereas postoperative NAC necrosis required surgical removal in additional five cases (3%). The NAC was thus preserved in 152 of 162 patients (94%). At multivariate analysis, RAM ≤2 mm was associated with radiological tumor-to-nipple distance less than or equal to 1 cm (p = 0.04) and Ki67 label index ≥ 20 (p = 0.04), whereas multifocality/multicentricity showed a trend towards significance (p = 0.07). At a median follow-up of 46 months, five locoregional relapses occurred (3%), only one of them involving the NAC (0, 6%). Locoregional relapse and overall survival for patients with RAM > or < 2 mm were not different. CONCLUSIONS: IERM is not routinely necessary during NSM for cancer, because its omission is associated with a very low return to the operating room, it is oncologically safe, and associated pitfalls are avoided. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Mamoplastia , Mastectomía Subcutánea , Humanos , Femenino , Mastectomía/métodos , Pezones/cirugía , Pezones/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly used for women with breast cancer who are not candidates for conservative surgery. The authors previously reported satisfying results with NSM after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). METHODS: From 2010 to 2020, 1072 women underwent mastectomy at the authors' institution. In this group, 433 NSMs were performed (40%). The only contraindications to NSM were close proximity to the nipple-areola complex (NAC), bloody discharge, and Paget disease. RESULTS: In 112 cases involving 111 women, NSM followed NACT (group 1), whereas it was performed as primary surgery in 321 instances involving 306 women (group 2). At 5 years, local relapse was 7% in group 1 and 2% in group 2, although in the multivariate analysis, locoregional relapses (LRRs) did not differ between the two groups. An increased incidence of local relapse was associated with higher tumor stage (stage III; p = 0.046) and age younger than 51 years (p = 0.038). For 34 (30.3%) of the 111 women in group 1 with a pathologic complete response (pCR), no LRRs were recorded. Only one NAC recurrence was observed. Overall survival with each tumor stage did not differ between the two groups. No differences in complications were observed. Cosmetic results were satisfying in 83.8% of the cases and did not get worse after NACT. CONCLUSIONS: The study data definitively confirm that NSM is safe even after NACT, with good cosmetic results and complications comparable with those in the primary surgery setting. Tumor stage and age were the only independent factors for local relapse. Patients with pCR enjoyed optimal locoregional control.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Mamoplastia , Mastectomía Subcutánea , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Mastectomía/métodos , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Pezones/cirugía , Pezones/patología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Mastectomía Subcutánea/métodos , Mamoplastia/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is considered an oncologically sound procedure but necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) or skin flaps is a concern, particularly in the presence of risk factors. To increase the indications for NSM and decrease such complications, different procedures of "surgical delay" (SD) have been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent SD for NSM at four Italian Breast Centers from 2014 to 2017 was performed. SD generally consisted of a periareolar or "hemi-batwing" incision, dissecting the skin and the NAC from the underlying breast tissue. NSM was scheduled after 2-3 weeks. RESULTS: Eighty-eight procedures were analyzed. Mild complications of SD were registered in 7.9% of cases. NSM was performed in 85 cases, whereas in three cases (3.4%) a "skin-sparing" mastectomy was necessary due to positivity of the retroareolar biopsy for cancer at SD. A direct-to- implant (DTI) reconstruction was performed in 42 cases (49.4%), while in 43 (50.6%) a tissue-expander (TE) was inserted. After NSM, eight complications (9.4%) were recorded: one total necrosis (1.2%), one partial necrosis (1.2%) and four minimal ischemia (4.7%) of NAC, one skin flap necrosis (1.2%), one haematoma (1.2%). In only two cases (2.3%) prosthesis removal was needed. Aesthetic outcome was evaluated excellent or good in 92.9% of cases. At a median follow-up of 24 months no local recurrences were seen. CONCLUSION: This is the largest series of SD with NSM presented so far in the literature. In our experience, SD extends indications for NSM in high-risk women.
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Implantes de Mama , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/cirugía , Mamoplastia/métodos , Mastectomía Subcutánea/métodos , Tiempo de Tratamiento , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/mortalidad , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Mamoplastia/efectos adversos , Mastectomía Subcutánea/mortalidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/trasplante , Análisis de Supervivencia , Expansión de Tejido/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly used in different fields of surgery. This report concerns the authors' experience with combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and symptomatic renal cyst decortication. The mean diameter of the cysts was 11.2 cm. and involved the left and right kidney in 3 and 1 patient, respectively. All cysts were peripheral. Surgery was performed using 4 trocars in 3 cases and 5 trocars in the other. The mean operative time was 110 minutes and mean blood loss 40 cc. Postoperative pain was minimal. The mean duration of postoperative ileus was 2.2 days. No significant complications were observed. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days. At follow-up examinations all patients were pain-free. Recurrence of the cyst was observed in only one case. Combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and renal cyst decortication is technically feasible in selected cases and does not seem to significantly affect the perioperative course of cholecystectomy.
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Colelitiasis/cirugía , Enfermedades Renales Quísticas/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Cavernous haemangiomas of the adrenal gland are rare and the preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. We report the case of a patient admitted for aspecific abdominal pain. Instrumental diagnostic investigations (ultrasonography and CT scan) revealed an adrenal mass of uncertain interpretation which was surgically removed and histologically diagnosed as a cavernous haemangioma.