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Objective: Healthy life expectancy (HLE), which combines life expectancy with health, is an essential comprehensive measure of life length and quality. This article aimed to systematically review the methods for defining and measuring HLE and describe application studies published, providing a reference for decision makers to select and develop methods suitable for China's conditions to measure HLE. Methods: Seven Chinese and English literature databases were searched up to May 7, 2022, and several related reviews and bibliography were manually retrieved. Systematic reviews and empirical research were included concerning HLE indicators and measurement of HLE. Information including the study area, type of the study, study population, HLE index, measurement method, data sources, and results from application studies published in the last five years were extracted. The evolution of the definition of HLE, the scope of different indicators, the measurement scale of health, and measurement methods, were all collected. Results of the empirical research related to measurement methods of indicators were summarized. The study followed the scoping review framework and was written according to the PRISMA-ScR statement. Results: A total of 84 articles were included, including 13 reviews, 17 original studies related to HLE index definition, ten original studies related to index measurement, and 44 empirical studies conducted in the past five years. There were as many as 20 indicators related to HLE, and each scale had its emphasis. A total of ten methods measuring HLE were identified, which vary in the definition of health, whether using weight, and the data type. The most commonly used indicators in the past five years were disability-free life expectancy and HLE. For the method of HLE calculation, Sullivan's method was mainly used for cross-sectional data, and the multistate life table was mainly used for longitudinal data. Conclusions: There are various definitions and measurement methods of HLE, but none are suitable for all scenarios. To summarize the HLE concept, health evaluation techniques, measurement methods, and application studies published worldwide can provide a reference for the localization of HLE measurement in China.
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Esperanza de Vida Saludable , Esperanza de Vida , Humanos , Algoritmos , Estudios Transversales , Tablas de VidaRESUMEN
Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of healthy life expectancy (HLE). Methods: Seven Chinese and English databases were used for the retrieval of related literatures published by May 7, 2022 to identify influencing factors of HLE, including diseases and injuries and their risk factors. Based on the ecological model of health determinants, this study classifies the risk factors of diseases and injuries into five levels: personal characteristics, individual behavior and lifestyle, social network, living and working conditions, and macroscopic socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Contents of research area, HLE indicators, research population, influencing factors, data sources and results were extracted. The frequencies of reported documents of different HLE indicators and influencing factors of different dimensions were visualized by using evidence map, and the empirical studies of four authoritative English medical journals and Chinese core medical journals were further compared and described. Results: A total of 90 studies were selected, in which 26 were conducted in China (28.9%). Fifty-three studies are about diseases and injuries in the first dimension, and all of them have studied non-communicable diseases, accounting for the highest proportion (58.9%). There were 77 studies about the analysis on the determinants of health at five levels by an ecological model, all the studies reported multi-level results. Among them, 53 studies reported personal characteristics (58.9%), 47 studies reported individual behavior and lifestyle (52.2%), 10 studies reported social networks (11.1%), 35 studies reported living and working environment (38.9%), 8 studies reported social economy, culture status and environment condition (8.9%). The literatures about HLE published by 4 authoritative English medical journals and 21 Chinese core medical journals in recent three years were selected. Non-communicable diseases and personal characteristics were the top two most commonly studied factors of HLE, and 11 (52.3%) and 12 (57.1%) studies reported these two kinds of factors respectively. The most important factor contributing to the global disability-adjusted life years of non-communicable diseases was individual behavior and lifestyle, which was the most changeable factor. Conclusions: In recent three years, studies involving influencing factors of HLE were mainly non-communicable diseases and personal characteristics. In the future, individual behavior, lifestyle and working environment should be strengthened.
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Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Humanos , Esperanza de Vida Saludable , Estilo de Vida , Pueblo Asiatico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Objective: To assess the effect of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with type 2 diabetes residing in 15 residency communities in Fushun, Liaoning province were enrolled from July 2012 to May 2013. We measured the VRQoL by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Patients were grouped according to their age, gender, presence of visual impairment, and affected eyes. NEI-VFQ-25 scores were compared between/among groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. The severity of DR in the eyes was graded into no DR, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Severity scores from both eyes were then summarized to create a single per-person grade ranging from 1 (no DR in either eye) to 7 (bilateral PDR). Generalized linear models were used to assess the linear relationship between NEI-VFQ-25 scores and DR severity. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing plots were generated to evaluate the possible nonlinear associations between concatenated severity of DR and VRQoL. Results: A total of 1 537 patients were recruited, including 836 (54.4%) with no DR, 479 (31.2%) with mild NPDR, 90 (5.9%) with moderate NPDR, 72 (4.7%) with severe NPDR and 60 (3.9%) with PDR. Compared with patients with unilateral DR, bilaterally involved subjects were statistically significantly compromised in general vision [70.2 (66.5, 72.5) vs. 68.9 (63.9, 71.6), Z=90.222, P=0.038], near activities [90.5 (85.8, 94.0) vs. 88.8 (84.5, 92.5), Z=114.942, P=0.005], dependency [91.1 (85.6, 96.5) vs. 89.3 (83.8, 94.5), Z=91.934, P=0.033], mental health [80.0 (73.4, 84.9) vs. 77.5 (70.8, 82.0), Z=118.388, P=0.003], role difficulties [76.8 (70.1, 82.4) vs. 74.5 (67.6, 80.6), Z =90.791, P=0.036] and NEI-VFQ-25 composite [88.3 (84.2, 91.0) vs. 86.9 (82.8, 90.1), Z=96.207, P=0.024]. Scores on general vision (χ2=85.665), near activities (χ2=78.462), distance activities (χ2=145.489), social function (χ2=53.629), dependency (χ2=86.710), mental health (χ2=68.281), role difficulties (χ2=45.357), color vision (χ2=68.176), peripheral vision (χ2=116.179) and NEI-VFQ-25 composite (χ2=133.291) decreased gradually as DR severity increased (all P<0.001). On role difficulties, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing plots showed significant"turning points"from bilateral mild NPDR to mild NPDR/>mild NPDR (slope m=-4.7) and from moderate NPDR/≥moderate NPDR to severe NPDR/≥severe NPDR (slope m=-12.6). Conclusion: Both greater severity and bilaterality of DR were associated with lower vision-specific VRQoL, particularly role difficulties and mental health.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Retinopatía Diabética , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/complicaciones , Humanos , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) results in atrophy of the pancreas, while cholecystokinin (CCK) can significantly stimulate the exocrine pancreas in rodents. This study was designed to examine whether CCK may improve the atrophy of the pancreas in rats on TPN treatment. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into orally fed and TPN groups and were infused with CCK at a dose of 5 µg/kg/h or the CCK-receptor antagonist devazepide at a dose of 200 µg/kg/h for 10 days. Infusion of CCK caused hypercholecystokininemia (hyperCCKemia) and decreased the atrophy of the pancreas resulting from TPN. The hyperplastic response to CCK in orally fed rats was decreased in the rats given TPN. Devazepide did not influence the pancreatic variables. This study further confirmed that CCK stimulates the exocrine pancreas and decreases the atrophy of the exocrine pancreas resulting from TPN. Our present findings suggest that the trophic effect of CCK on the exocrine pancreas declines in TPN.
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Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Nutrición Parenteral Total/efectos adversos , Sincalida/análogos & derivados , Animales , Devazepida/farmacología , Antagonistas de Hormonas/farmacología , Masculino , Nootrópicos/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sincalida/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This paper developed a new affinity capillary electrophoresis method coupled with on-line microdialysis using attachable electrodes in order to study the interaction of biomacromolecules with their small molecule ligands in the desired physiological conditions. The sampling mechanism was discussed and the experimental conditions were optimized. The affinity constant of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was determined with homemade equipment. The method is simple and practical.
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Electroforesis Capilar/métodos , Microdiálisis/métodos , Calibración , Electrodos , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , SulfametoxazolRESUMEN
Ten patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were examined with ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one of whom was a child. MRI shows deformities of left ventricular cavity in all 10 patients, shapes of majority being long and narrow. Interventricular septums (IVS) were identically thickened in 5 patients, middle areas of IVS were thickened in 3 patients, local area of IVS was thickened in ball-shape in 1 patient, the apex was thickened in 1 patient. The ratio of thickened of IVS between in systole and diastole was less 1.08 in 5 patients and equal to 1.0 in 4 patients. The ratio of thickness of thickened left ventricular posterior wall between in systole and diastole was less than 1.25 in 7 patients. Ratios were respectively 1.25 and 1.53 in a child, obviously higher than those of adults. Left ventricular outflow tract was narrow in 1 patient. Left atria were enlarged in 7 patients. left ventricular diastolic function was damaged in 8 patients and systolic function was damaged in 1 patient. Signal intensity in IVS was not identical in 6 patients, of whom 3 patients suggests degenerate degree of myocardium in comparison with histology of myocardium. Proximal ends of coronary arteries were clear in 4 patients and didn't show narrow. All 10 patients were examined with UCG, 9 patients with ECT, 3 patients with ventricular angiography. All results coincide with features of HCM.