RESUMEN
Due to the medical and socio-economical importance of both human and animal rabies infection, several studies have suggested the use of molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and DNA sequencing for diagnosis and phylogenetic studies of the rabies virus. Considering the conservancy of the nucleoprotein (N) gene of the virus, we herein describe a RT-PCR assay for rabies diagnosis and characterization. A total of 75 samples obtained from a variety of animal species in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil, were comparatively studied by fluorescence antibody test (FAT), mouse inoculation test (MIT), cell infection assay and RT-PCR, which revealed itself to be as sensitive as FAT and MIT and less time-consuming than MIT. Direct sequencing of the 5' end of the N gene allowed the clustering of the SC samples with samples from the vampire bat-related or sylvatic cycle through comparative sequence analysis.
Asunto(s)
Nucleoproteínas/genética , Virus de la Rabia/clasificación , Proteínas Virales/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Brasil , Bovinos , Geografía , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Virus de la Rabia/genética , Virus de la Rabia/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
This work describes the cytopathic effect on cells, cytotoxic action on mice, and antiviral activity of cinnabarin. This substance had no effect on mouse neuroblastoma cells (NA cell, ATCC clone C-1300) at a concentration of 0.31 mg/ml, it was not able to cause toxic effects in mice at concentrations of 1000 mg/kg, and reduced by four times the titers of the rabies virus at concentrations of 0.31 mg/ml.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Oxazinas/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polyporaceae , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratones , Neuroblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxazinas/administración & dosificación , Oxazinas/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Virus de la Rabia/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
One of the methods used for controlling cattle rabies in Brazil consists of vaccination. Sometimes, however, rabies occurs in cattle supposedly protected. Since rabies vaccine batches are officially controlled by tests performed on laboratory animals, it is questionable whether the minimal mandatory requirements really correspond to immunogenicity in the target species. We have analyzed the association among potencies of rabies vaccines tested by the NIH test, the contents and form (free-soluble or virus-attached) of rabies glycoprotein (G) in the vaccine batches, and the virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) titers elicited in cattle. No correlation was found between G contents in the vaccine batches and the NIH values, whatever the presentation of G. There was no correlation either between NIH values and VNA titers elicited in cattle. There was, however, a positive correlation (r = 0.8681; p = 0.0001) between the amounts of virion-attached G present in the vaccine batches and VNA elicited in cattle. This was not observed when the same analysis was performed with total-glycoprotein or free-soluble glycoprotein. The study demonstrated that NIH values can not predict the effect of the immunogen in cattle. On the other hand, the quantification of virus-attached rabies glycoprotein has a strong correlation with VNA elicited in cattle.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Antígenos Virales , Glicoproteínas/inmunología , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Glicoproteínas/sangre , Ratones , Pruebas de Neutralización , Rabia/prevención & control , Rabia/veterinaria , Vacunas Antirrábicas/normas , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/sangreRESUMEN
One of the methods used for controlling cattle rabies in Brazil consists of vaccination. Sometimes, however, rabies occurs in cattle supposedly protected. Since rabies vaccine batches are officially controlled by tests performed on laboratory animals, it is questionable whether the minimal mandatory requirements really correspond to immunogenicity in the target species. We have analyzed the association among potencies of rabies vaccines tested by the NIH test, the contents and form (free-soluble or virus-attached) of rabies glycoprotein (G) in the vaccine batches, and the virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) titers elicited in cattle. No correlation was found between G contents in the vaccine batches and the NIH values, whatever the presentation of G. There was no correlation either between NIH values and VNA titers elicited in cattle. There was, however, a positive correlation (r = 0.8681; p = 0.0001) between the amounts of virion-attached G present in the vaccine batches and VNA elicited in cattle. This was not observed when the same analysis was performed with total-glycoprotein or free-soluble glycoprotein. The study demonstrated that NIH values can not predict the effect of the immunogen in cattle. On the other hand, the quantification of virus-attached rabies glycoprotein has a strong correlation with VNA elicited in cattle
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Ratones , Virus de la Rabia , Vacunas Antirrábicas , Glicoproteínas , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Rabia , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Pruebas de Neutralización , Vacunas Antirrábicas , Glicoproteínas , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
The susceptibility of the C6 rat glioma cell line (ATCC; CCL-107) to rabies virus was characterized. The kinetics of infection performed with a fixed and a wild strain (from an infected cow) of rabies virus was monitored by direct immunofluorescence. Fluorescent cytoplasmic bodies were readily observed by UV microscopy from 24 hours post-infection (hpi) onwards. The ability of C6 to produce rabies infective virion particles was confirmed by determining the viral titres present in the supernatants of infected cultures, by both BHK-21 cell infection and mice inoculation. C6 cells produced similar viral titres to those produced by BHK-21 for both strains used. In addition, the yield of rabies glycoprotein was assessed by ELISA. In general, BHK-21 and C6 cells infected either by PV or with the wild rabies strain produced similar amounts of rabies glycoprotein. At 96 hpi, however, when the glycoprotein production peaked, BHK-21 infected with the wild strain produced significantly higher amounts of glycoprotein than C6. Subsequently, the optimal conditions for isolation of wild rabies virus strains from C6 cells were established and these proved to be as sensitive as NA cells in detecting 10 wild rabies samples. Due to the high sensitivity exhibited, C6 rat glioma cells present a new and useful system for rabies virus investigation.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales , Virus de la Rabia/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Rabia/fisiología , Cultivo de Virus/métodos , Animales , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Glioma , Glicoproteínas/biosíntesis , Ratones , Nucleocápside/biosíntesis , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside , Ratas , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/biosíntesis , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Despite the absence of current official reports showing the number of cattle infected by rabies, it is estimated that nearly 30,000 bovines are lost each year in Brazil. In order to minimize the important economic losses, control of the disease is achieved by eliminating bat colonies and by herd vaccination. In this study, we compare the antibody response in cattle elicited by vaccination with an attenuated ERA vaccine (AEvac) and an inactivated-adjuvanted PV (IPVvac) vaccine. The antibody titers were appraised by cell-culture neutralization test and ELISA, and the percentage of seropositivity was ascertained for a period of 180 days. IPVvac elicited complete seropositivity rates from day 30 to day 150, and even on day 180, 87% of the sera showed virus-neutralizing antibody titers (VNA) higher than 0.5IU/ml. There were no significant differences between the VNA titers and seropositivity rates obtained with IPVvac in the two methods tested. AEvac, however, elicited significantly lower titers than those observed in the group receiving inactivated vaccine. In addition, the profiles of antirabies IgG antibodies, evaluated by ELISA, and VNA, appraised by cell-culture neutralization test, were slightly different, when both vaccines were compared.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Rabia/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Rabia/inmunología , Vacunas Antirrábicas/uso terapéutico , Virus de la Rabia/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/uso terapéutico , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
An indirect ELISA for determination of post-vaccination rabies antibody was applied. Purified rabies virus was used as antigen to coat plates, and staphylococcal protein A linked with horseradish peroxidase was used for detecting IgG antibody in human sera. Sera from humans, vaccinated with cell-culture vaccine or suckling-mouse-brain vaccine, were examined. ELISA results were compared to those obtained from the virus neutralization test. The mean and standard deviation of OD were determined for 126 negative sera (pre-vaccination) and for 73 sera from vaccinated persons showing antibody titers lower than 0.5 IU/ml. Results were defined as ELISA -positive, -negative or -doubtful. Establishment of a doubtful region reduced the number of sera otherwise classified as positive (false-positive sera). In this way, the sensitivity, specificity and agreement values were respectively 87.5%, 92.4% and 88.5%. No significant differences were observed in these values when the group vaccinated with cell-culture vaccine and the group vaccinated with suckling-mouse-brain vaccine were compared. It was shown that much of the disagreement between the values obtained by neutralization test and ELISA occurred in sera obtained at the beginning of the immunization process, and was probably due to the presence of IgM in the serum samples, detected only by the former test. This ELISA method can be used as a screening test in rabies laboratories regardless of the kind of vaccine used for immunization.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Virus de la Rabia/inmunología , Rabia/prevención & control , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Pruebas de Neutralización , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-gamma concentration and MIF response.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Vacuna BCG/farmacología , Diaminas/farmacología , Propionibacterium acnes/inmunología , Rabia/inmunología , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos , Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Diaminas/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Interferón gamma/análisis , Ratones , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Using the laboratory mice, Fuenzalida-Palacios mouse brain human rabies vaccine was administered in groups of animals previously inoculated with rabies virus and then submitted to treatments with the immunomodulators onco-BCG, avridine and Propionibacterium acnes. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated through the macrophage inhibition factor (MIF), intra-pad inoculation (IPI) and serum neutralization (SN) tests and by the detection of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). The IPI test was not effective in detecting the response of delayed-type hypersensitivity, contrary to MIF, which showed the immune cellular response. Higher levels of IFN-gamma were observed in the groups of mice vaccinated and treated with avridine and P. acnes. Although immunomodulating activities have been detected, the use of adjuvants with the Fuenzalida-Palacios type vaccine in mice did not reveal any encouraging results.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Diaminas/inmunología , Propionibacterium acnes/inmunología , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Rabia/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/biosíntesis , Antivirales/inmunología , Encéfalo/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Inductores de Interferón/inmunología , Ratones , Pruebas de Neutralización , Rabia/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Avaliou-se a resposta imune celular e humoral de camundongos inoculados com virus rabico de rua e submetidos aos imunomoduladores Onco-BCG, avridina e Propionibacterium acnes. Os animais submetidos ao tratamento com P. acnes apresentaram um maior percentual de sobrevivencia quando comparados aos dos demais tratamentos. Foram observados menores niveis de IFN-gama nos animais infectados, sugerindo imunossupressao viral. O teste do Coxim Plantar nao foi eficaz para a deteccao da resposta de hipersensibilidade retardada na metodologia utilizada, contrariamente ao MIF. A sobrevivencia dos animais nao apresentou correlacao com os niveis de anticorpos soroneutralizantes, concentracao de IFN-gama e resposta ao MIF
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratones , Femenino , Propionibacterium acnes/aislamiento & purificación , Rabia/terapia , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Vacunas Antirrábicas/uso terapéutico , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Hipersensibilidad Tardía , Inmunidad Celular , Mycobacterium bovis/efectos de los fármacos , Formación de Anticuerpos , Pruebas de NeutralizaciónRESUMEN
This report shows that the SMB vaccine currently used in Brazil for human immunisation provides different degrees of protection in mice, depending on the rabies virus strain used as challenge. Using the NIH and Habel potency tests to evaluate the protective activity of rabies vaccine, we observed that vaccinated mice showed a higher resistance to a challenge with a fixed rabies virus (CVS-Challenge Virus Strain). The vaccine potency using the Habel or NIH tests was respectively > 6.4 (log 10) and 1.0 (Relative Potency-RP) when the fixed rabies virus was used for challenge, and from 2.9 to 4.3 (log 10) or 0.13 to 0.8 (RP) when different wild rabies viruses were used for challenge. The presence of virus neutralising antibodies (VNA) could not explain the differences of susceptibility after vaccination, since sera of vaccinated animals had similar VNA levels against both fixed and wild strains before virus challenge (respectively, 5.6 +/- 0.24 and 5.0 +/- 0.25 IU/ml of VNA against the fixed rabies virus and the 566-M strain of wild rabies virus in sera of mice vaccinated with 0.2 units of vaccine). Only cell-mediated immunity parameters correlated with the protection induced by vaccination. The IFN gamma titers found in sera and brain tissues of animals challenged with CVS strain were higher (from 36.7 +/- 5.7 to 293.3 +/- 46.2 IU/ml) than those found in mice challenged with 566-M virus strain (from 16.7 +/- 5.8 to 36.7 +/- 5.8). The proliferation index of spleen cells obtained with CVS stimulation reached a maximal value of 15.1 +/- 0.7 while spleen cells from vaccinated mice stimulated with 566-M virus failed to proliferate. The implications of these data in human protection by vaccination are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Rabia/inmunología , Rabia/prevención & control , Animales , Brasil , Humanos , Inmunización , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Activación de Linfocitos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Responses of vaccination and treatment to immunomodulators against rabies in mice were evaluated through macrophage inhibition factor (MIF), intra-pad inoculation (IPI) and serum neutralization (SN) tests and by the detection of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Onco-BCG, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were administered to groups of mice. Higher survival rates were found in animals treated with P. acnes. Lower levels of IFN-gamma were observed in the groups of infected and vaccinated mice. The IPI was not effective on detecting the response of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Vaccine induced in the infected animals a more intense response to MIF reaction.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Diaminas/administración & dosificación , Propionibacterium acnes/inmunología , Rabia/prevención & control , Animales , Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Diaminas/inmunología , Femenino , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Pruebas de Neutralización , Rabia/inmunología , Vacunas Antirrábicas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , VacunaciónRESUMEN
The human anti-rabies pre-exposure treatment currently used in Brazil, employing a 1-ml dose of suckling mouse brain vaccine (SMBV) administered on days 0, 2, 4 and 28, was compared to an alternative treatment with two 1 ml-doses on day 0, and one 1 ml-dose injected on days 7 and 21. The latter induced higher virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers on day 21. Both Brazilian rabies vaccines produced with PV or CVS rabies virus strains were tested. Two additional volunteer vaccinee groups, receiving the pre-exposure and the abbreviated post-exposure schedules recommended by the WHO using cell-culture vaccine (CCV) produced with PM rabies virus strain, were included as reference. The VNA were measured against both PV and CVS strains on days 21, 42 and 180 by the cell-culture neutralization microtest. The PV-SMBV elicited higher seroconversion rates and VNA by day 21 than the CVS-SMBV. Both, however, failed to induce a long-term immunity, since VNA titers were <0.5 IU/ml on day 180, regardless of the schedule used. Cell-culture vaccine always elicited very high VNA on all days of collection. When serum samples from people receiving mouse brain tissue were titrated against the PV and CVS strains, the VNA obtained were similar, regardless of the vaccinal strain and the virus used in the neutralization test. These results contrast with those obtained with sera from people receiving PM-CCV, whose VNA were significantly higher when tested against the CVS strain.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Adolescente , Adulto , Ratones , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Esquemas de Inmunización , Rabia/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Encéfalo , Pruebas de Neutralización , Vacunas Antirrábicas/administración & dosificación , Formación de AnticuerposRESUMEN
The human anti-rabies pre-exposure treatment currently used in Brazil, employing a 1-ml dose of suckling mouse brain vaccine (SMBV) administered on days 0, 2, 4 and 28, was compared to an alternative treatment with two 1 ml-doses on day 0, and one 1 ml-dose injected on days 7 and 21. The latter induced higher virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers on day 21. Both Brazilian rabies vaccines produced with PV or CVS rabies virus strains were tested. Two additional volunteer vaccine groups, receiving the pre-exposure and the abbreviated post-exposure schedules recommended by the WHO using cell-culture vaccine (CCV) produced with PM rabies virus strain, were included as reference. The VNA were measured against both PV and CVS strains on days 21, 42 and 180 by the cell-culture neutralization microtest. The PV-SMBV elicited higher seroconversion rates and VNA by day 21 than the CVS-SMBV. Both, however, failed to induce a long-term immunity, since VNA titers were < 0.5 IU/ml on day 180, regardless of the schedule used. Cell-culture vaccine always elicited very high VNA on all days of collection. When serum samples from people receiving mouse brain tissue were titrated against the PV and CVS strains, the VNA obtained were similar, regardless of the vaccinal strain and the virus used in the neutralization test. These results contrast with those obtained with sera from people receiving PM-CCV, whose VNA were significantly higher when tested against the CVS strain.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Formación de Anticuerpos , Encéfalo , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Ratones , Pruebas de Neutralización , Rabia/prevención & control , Vacunas Antirrábicas/administración & dosificación , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The currently used pre-exposure anti-rabies immunization schedule in Brazil is the one called 3+1, employing suckling mouse brain vaccine (3 doses on alternate days and the last one on day 30). Although satisfactory results were obtained in well controlled experimental groups using this immunization schedule, in our routine practice, VNA levels lower than 0.5 IU/ml are frequently found. We studied the pre-exposure 3+1 schedule under field conditions in different cities on the State of São Paulo, Brazil, under variable and sometimes adverse circumstances, such as the use of different batches of vaccine with different titers, delivered, stored and administered under local conditions. Fifty out of 256 serum samples (19.5%) showed VNA titers lower than 0.5 IU/ml, but they were not distributed homogeneously among the localities studied. While in some cities the results were completely satisfactory, in others almost 40% did not attain the minimum VNA titer required. The results presented here, considered separately, question our currently used procedures for human pre-exposure anti-rabies immunization. The reasons determining this situation are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Antirrábicas/administración & dosificación , Rabia/prevención & control , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Masculino , Virus de la Rabia/inmunologíaRESUMEN
This study reports preliminary results of virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers obtained on different days in the course of human anti-rabies immunization with the 2-1-1 schedule (one dose is given in the right arm and one dose in the left arm at day 0, and one dose is applied on days 7 and 21), recommended by WHO for post-exposure treatment with cell culture vaccines. A variant schedule (double dose on day zero and another on day 14) was also tested, both employing suckling mouse brain vaccine. A complete seroconversion rate was obtained after only 3 vaccine doses, and almost all patients (11 of 12) presented titers higher than 1.0 IU/ml. Both neutralizing response and seroconversion rates were lower in the group receiving only 3 doses, regardless of the sample collecting day. Although our results are lower than those found with cell culture vaccines, the geometry mean of VNA is fully satisfactory, overcoming the lower limit recommended by WHO of 0.5 IU/ml. The 2-1-1 schedule could be an alternative one for pre exposure immunization, shorter than the classical 3+1 regimen (one dose on days 0, 2, 4 and 30) with only three visits to the doctor, instead of four.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Vacunas Antirrábicas/administración & dosificación , Virus de la Rabia/inmunología , Rabia/prevención & control , Adulto , Animales , Brasil , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , RatonesRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to determine the stimulatory response to antirabies vaccination promoted by glucan in mice. Glucan increased both resistance to infection and antibody titres and this effect was more evident when glucan was used at dose of 0.5 mg, administered intraperitoneally before, during and after immunization and when the challenge virus was applied to the foot-pad.
Asunto(s)
Glucanos/farmacología , Vacunas Antirrábicas/inmunología , Rabia/inmunología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Glucanos/inmunología , Esquemas de Inmunización , RatonesRESUMEN
We report on a female patient attacked by a dog that died 4 days later, who sought treatment 11 days after the accident. A serum vaccination schedule was indicated, to be started immediately with the administration of anti-rabies serum (9 ml, corresponding to 40 IU/Kg body weight) and a series of 10 doses of vaccine applied on consecutive days plus 3 booster doses applied at 10-day intervals, according to the regulations of the Health Secretariat of the State of São Paulo. However, due to an error, 9 vaccine doses were initially applied at 3 different anatomical sites. The error was immediately discovered and it was decided to interrupt treatment for a few days and to restart and complete it later; this was done only 8 days later. Serologic follow-up by the serum-neutralization test in cell culture revealed a fully satisfactory response greatly exceeding WHO recommendations in terms of levels, precocity and duration. The patient continued to be healthy by the 240th day after the accident, when she was observed for the last time before this publication.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Antirrábicas/administración & dosificación , Rabia/inmunología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Errores de MedicaciónRESUMEN
It was reevaluated a reduced schedule for anti-rabies post-exposure immunization with newborn mice nervous tissue vaccine (Fuenzalida & Palacios) in a group of 30 non exposed volunteers. The vaccine was administered by intramuscular injections on days zero, 2, 4, 16 and 27, in the deltoid area. Antibody levels were determinated by a simplified serum neutralization microtest on days zero, 16 and 37. On days 16 and 37 the antibody levels of the whole group was > or = 0.5 IU/ml and > or = 1.0 IU/ml, respectively. The cell mediated immunity was precociously detected (on day 4) by the delayed type hypersensitivity skin test. Our results show that this reduced schedule elicited an early and effective humoral and cellular immune response. However it is necessary other studies with larger groups of vaccinees in order to obtain definitive conclusion.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Rabia , Vacunas Antirrábicas , Esquemas de Inmunización , Factores de Tiempo , Vacunas Antirrábicas , Formación de Anticuerpos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Pruebas CutáneasRESUMEN
It was reevaluated a reduced schedule for anti-rabies post-exposure immunization with newborn mice nervous tissue vaccine (Fuenzalida & Palacios) in a group of 30 non exposed volunteers. The vaccine was administered by intramuscular injections on days zero, 2, 4, 16 and 27, in the deltoid area. Antibody levels were determinated by a simplified serum neutralization microtest on days zero, 16 and 37. On days 16 and 37 the antibody levels of the whole group was > or = 0.5 IU/ml and > or = 1.0 IU/ml, respectively. The cell mediated immunity was precociously detected (on day 4) by the delayed type hypersensitivity skin test. Our results show that this reduced schedule elicited an early and effective humoral and cellular immune response. However it is necessary other studies with larger groups of vaccinees in order to obtain definitive conclusion.