RESUMEN

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a viral respiratory illness in poultry that causes massive financial losses. This research aimed to isolate and identify the ILT virus in suspected outbreaks of broiler flocks in Egypt during 2020-2021, besides investigating its genetic link with other circulating strains. Real-time-PCR was used to test 57 samples taken from unvaccinated broiler farms. Ten samples are positive for ILTV, and the virus is being isolated in SPF chicken embryos. The Sanger sequencing was used to conduct (partial) sequencing of the infected cell protein4 gene (ICP4) for eight isolates. Phylogenetic analysis conducted Maximum Likelihood, comparative sequencing analysis of ICP4 of strains under study with vaccination ILT reference strains reveled that all isolates were clustered into two major groups. The (OM291843and OM291846) clustered together with the chicken embryo origin vaccine strains (IV and V group). The remaining six strains belong to the TCO vaccine(I, II and III group). The total sequence similarity between the strains under study and the various Egyptian strains varied from (97 to 100%) while the similarity with TCO or chicken embryo origin -vaccine strains ranged from (95to 100%). There were no deletions detected in the 272-283-bp region of the ICP4 gene. Detection of arginine to methionine substitutions at position 180 (R180M) and change of Serine to Asparagine at position 227 (S227N) in the (OM291843 and OM291846) which were previously described in chicken embryo origin -vaccine strains. This reveals that field strains may have evolved from vaccine strains, notably identification of non-synonymous substitutions which might be linked to the virulence strains' attenuation. Finally, independent of geographical distribution, both chicken embryo origin-vaccine-like and TCO-Vaccine-like virus strains were circulating in Egyptian non-vaccinated broiler flocks in 2020 and 2021. Despite their genetic differences, both viruses caused significant illnesses in the field.

RESUMEN

Dietary, environmental, and hereditary causes were reported as causative agents of angel wing syndrome in waterfowl. Since 2017, several Muscovy duck flocks at Behira governorate were found to exhibit this syndrome associated with the clinical symptoms of goose parvovirus (GPV) infection. Four strains of goose parvovirus named HS1-HS4 were isolated and identified from diseased ducks at some of these flocks. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of these strains together and within a distinct monophyletic group in relation to GPV strains of Derzsy's disease and short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS). Nucleotide identities with goose parvovirus strain B of Derzsy's disease were 95.7%-96.6%, and with the strain JS1603 of SBDS they were 96.8%-97.4%. However, nucleotide identities with Muscovy duck parvovirus strain FM were 74.1%-74.6%. The disease was reproduced experimentally via oral-route artificial infection with HS1 strain, and both clinical symptoms of goose parvovirus and angel wing syndrome were observed in the artificially infected Muscovy ducks, but with less severity in geese. This study demonstrated clear evidence for induction of angel wing syndrome, at least partially, with GPV infection in Muscovy duck. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work to mention a viral cause of angel wing syndrome in waterfowl.

Participación del parvovirus del ganso en la inducción del síndrome de ala de ángel en patos reales. Se han reportado causas dietéticas, ambientales y hereditarias como agentes causales del síndrome de alas de ángel en aves acuáticas. Desde el año 2017, se descubrió que varias parvadas de patos reales en la gobernación de Behira presentaban este síndrome asociado con los síntomas clínicos de la infección por parvovirus del ganso (con las siglas en inglés GPV). Se aislaron e identificaron cuatro cepas de parvovirus de ganso denominadas HS1­HS4 de patos enfermos en algunas de estas parvadas. El análisis filogenético reveló el agrupamiento de estas cepas juntas y dentro de un grupo monofilético distinto con relación con las cepas de parvovirus de ganso asociadas con la enfermedad de Derzsy y el síndrome de pico corto y enanismo (con las siglas en inglés SBDS). Las identidades de nucleótidos con la cepa B del parvovirus de la enfermedad de Derzsy fueron del 95.7 % al 96.6 %, y con la cepa JS1603 del síndrome de pico corto y enanismo fueron del 96.8 % al 97.4 %. Sin embargo, las identidades de nucleótidos con la cepa FM del parvovirus del pato Muscovy fueron del 74.1 % al 74.6 %. La enfermedad se reprodujo experimentalmente a través de una infección artificial por vía oral con la cepa HS1 y se observaron signos clínicos de parvovirus del ganso y del síndrome del ala de ángel en los patos reales infectados artificialmente, pero con menor gravedad en los gansos. Este estudio demostró una clara evidencia de la inducción del síndrome del ala de ángel, al menos parcialmente, con la infección por parvovirus del ganso en el pato real. Según el conocimiento de los autores, este es el primer trabajo que menciona una causa viral del síndrome del ala de ángel en aves acuáticas.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Obesity is increasing rapidly across the globe. It is widely accepted that natural products with a long safety background may modulate obesity. The current work aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine on high-fat diet-induced obesity in white male albino rats. A regular basal diet was fed to 7 rats, and a high-fat diet (HFD) was fed to 24 rats throughout the study for 12 weeks. The HFD group was split equally into four subgroups, each containing six rats. The first group fed on HFD with no medication, the second group received HFD+ Nigella sativa, the third group received HFD+ atorvastatin, and the fourth group received HFD+L-carnitine. At the beginning of the seventh week (the start of the treatment regimen), Nigella sativa, atorvastatin, or L-Carnitine were administered for six weeks. Glucose, body weight, serum atherogenic index (AI), ALT, and AST activities were analyzed. The pathological alterations in the hepatic tissues were examined microscopically and scored. The results revealed that the HFD diet significantly increased the final body weight, serum AI, and serum levels of liver enzymes. Treatment with L-carnitine or Nigella sativa significantly normalized the lipid profile and decreased the final body weight, serum AI, and Serum ALT. Histopathological examination of the liver of HFD received rats showed features of steatosis, which were mitigated by the administration of Nigella sativa or L-Carnitine, while atorvastatin had no significant effect on the improvement of hepatic lesions. Collectively, study findings showed that Nigella sativa or L-Carnitine has mitigated effects on metabolic and histopathological changes in the liver tissues of rats fed with HFD.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error.

RESUMEN

This study was aimed to biologically treat domestic wastewater using identified bacterial consortium for chemical pollutants removal by treating/passing it through sand biofilters. The identification, toxicity test, and the optimum dose of the investigated bacterial consortium were carried out using Microtox analyzer and Batch biological treatment, respectively. Furthermore, application of sedimentation followed by gravel and sand biofilters for wastewater treatment was evaluated. The results showed that the bacterial consortium is composed of Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis. The optimum dose for wastewater treatment within 6 h of contact time is 2.5 mg/L, this dose (2.5 mg/L) has no toxic effect. The removal percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and oil and grease reached 93.4, 83.5, 37.5, 49.2, 93.4, 100, 55.7, 76.6, and 76% in the effluent of the treated wastewater, respectively after the third sand biofilter filtration. It can be concluded that using bacterial consortium for domestic wastewater treatment could be a good tool for chemical pollutants removal. Moreover, this study provides low cost and eco-friendly tool for domestic wastewater treatment using simple multistage biofilters based on an identified bacterial consortium. This system can be upscaled for the treatment of larger volumes of wastewater.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: There is a mutual effect between central obesity and low total serum testosterone. Moreover, oxidative stress acts as a bridge between obesity and its complications. Taken together, we aimed to evaluate whether atorvastatin (AS), a cholesterol-lowering drug, has protective potential against high fat diet (HFD)-induced low fertility, which was exemplified in serum testosterone determination. Moreover, we aimed to deduce a putative mechanism of action through evaluation of the testicular oxidant/antioxidant system. Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus albinus) were divided into three groups: 1) normal control group, rats were fed a normal diet for four weeks; 2) HFD group, rats were fed an HFD for four weeks; and 3) AS group, rats were fed an HFD and 5 mg/kg/day atorvastatin for the last two weeks of the experiment. Serum atherogenic index, testosterone, and thyroid stimulating hormone were estimated. Moreover, testicular reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde contents, as well as glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activities were also determined. The statistical differences were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: AS ameliorated the increased level of serum atherogenic index induced by an HFD, as well as testicular malonaldehyde and reduced glutathione levels. On the other hand, AS increased the depleted level and activity of serum testosterone and testicular glutathione reductase, respectively, induced by HFD. Conclusion: The ameliorative effect of AS on the deteriorated level of total serum testosterone induced by HFD might partially be due to oxidant/antioxidant disturbance. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate mTOR pathway contribution, which could enable researchers to deduce drugs targeting members of the oxidant/antioxidant system and/or mTOR pathway to ameliorate putative HFD-induced low fertility.

Asunto(s)