RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of posterior colpotomy for the surgical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy in hemodynamically stable women. We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records obtained over a period of 18 months. Twelve cases were identified, with the following characteristics: mean gestational age, 7.7 weeks; mean serum ß-human chorionic gonadotropin level, 7,786 mIU/mL; and greater diameter of the mass, 15-69 mm. Treatment was successful in all cases. Salpingectomy was performed in 10 patients (83.3%) and salpingostomy, in 1 patient. The remaining patient only received peritoneal lavage, as the evidence of ectopic abortion with only a slightly dilated uterine tube was found during surgery. The mean surgical time was 42.5 minutes. In the analyzed cases, posterior colpotomy was found to be a feasible alternative method for the surgical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy in hemodynamically stable women.
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Case report of a 39-year-old intended mother of a surrogate pregnancy who underwent induction of lactation by sequential exposure to galactagogue drugs (metoclopramide and domperidone), nipple mechanical stimulation with an electric pump, and suction by the newborn. The study aimed to analyze the effect of each step of the protocol on serum prolactin levels, milk secretion and mother satisfaction, in the set of surrogacy. Serum prolactin levels and milk production had no significant changes. Nevertheless, the mother was able to breastfeed for four weeks, and expressed great satisfaction with the experience. As a conclusion, within the context of a surrogate pregnancy, breastfeeding seems to bring emotional benefits not necessarily related to an increase in milk production.
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Lactancia Materna , Domperidona/farmacología , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Metoclopramida/farmacología , Prolactina/sangre , Prolactina/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Satisfacción Personal , Madres SustitutasRESUMEN
Abstract Case report of a 39-year-old intended mother of a surrogate pregnancy who underwent induction of lactation by sequential exposure to galactagogue drugs (metoclopramide and domperidone), nipple mechanical stimulation with an electric pump, and suction by the newborn. The study aimed to analyze the effect of each step of the protocol on serum prolactin levels, milk secretion and mother satisfaction, in the set of surrogacy. Serum prolactin levels and milk production had no significant changes. Nevertheless, themother was able to breastfeed for four weeks, and expressed great satisfaction with the experience. As a conclusion, within the context of a surrogate pregnancy, breastfeeding seems to bring emotional benefits not necessarily related to an increase in milk production.
Resumo Relato de caso de mãe por útero de substituição, de 39 anos de idade, submetida a indução da lactação por exposição sequencial a drogas galactogogas (metoclopramida e domperidona), estimulação mamilar mecânica com bomba elétrica, e sucção pelo recém-nascido. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de cada etapa do protocolo na concentração sérica de prolactina, no volume de secreção láctea e na satisfação materna. A concentração sérica de prolactina e a produção láctea não apresentaram mudanças significativas. Entretanto, a mãe foi capaz de amamentar a criança por quatro semanas, e manifestou grande satisfação com a experiência. Como conclusão, no contexto de maternidade por útero de substituição, o aleitamento materno parece promover benefícios emocionais, não necessariamente relacionados ao aumento do volume de leite.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Lactancia Materna , Domperidona/farmacología , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Metoclopramida/farmacología , Prolactina/sangre , Prolactina/efectos de los fármacos , Satisfacción Personal , Madres SustitutasRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To show the technique of interval laparoscopic isthmocervical cerclage using cotton cardiac tape. DESIGN: Case report (Canadian Task Force Classification III). SETTING: A private practice hospital in Brasília, Brazil. PATIENT: A 36-year-old female patient with primary infertility for 2 years caused by previous amputation of the cervix because of intraepithelial neoplasia. There was no other suspected factor for infertility. Before undergoing in vitro fertilization, she was referred for interval cerclage because of anticipated cervical insufficiency during an eventual pregnancy. The patient's clinical history was unremarkable, except for the fact that she had developed secondary dysmenorrhea since the amputation, which prompted her to undergo cervical dilatation on 2 occasions. During the physical examination, we noted the absence of the exocervix, a mobile and normal-sized uterus and adnexa, and no pain. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for this case report. The local institutional review board considered this report exempt from approval. INTERVENTIONS: The procedure was performed according to the technique described by Pereira et al. We incised the visceral peritoneum in the anterior cul-de-sac and developed the vesicouterine space for complete exposure of the uterine isthmus. Then, we incised the posterior leaf of both broad ligaments superiorly to the uterosacral ligaments and medially to the ureter and uterine vessels. We aimed to identify the bifurcation of the uterine artery and to create a "window" between them and the isthmus to place the cerclage tape. For this purpose, we used a 5-mm 36-cm blunt tip retractor for gastric banding (ref 30623G; Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) to transfix the broad ligament, anteriorly to posteriorly, under direct vision. We tied 2-0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ) sutures to the tips of 0.3 × 80 cm cotton cardiac tape (reference FAB-46; Ethicon) and pulled both edges of the tape through the windows in the broad ligament. The final position of the tape was inferior and medial to the main ascending branch of the uterine artery, right over the isthmus, and without any vessels interposed between them. This is to avoid any possible compression and congestion with uterine progressive enlargement as pregnancy proceeds. We then made 6 square knots in the anterior cul-de-sac and adjusted the tension-free tape firmly enough to give the uterine corpus support during pregnancy evolution. Finally, we closed the visceral peritoneum with a 3-0 PDS running suture (Ethicon). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The surgery lasted 70 minutes, and bleeding was minimal. The patient was discharged the following day. She is currently undergoing her 18th week of pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilization treatment, and we wait for her obstetric results. CONCLUSION: Cotton cardiac tape is feasible for laparoscopic cerclage and can be used as an alternative to the commonly used Mersilene tape (Ethicon). Laparoscopy safely allows tape placement medial to the uterine vessels. Additional cases are necessary to establish the obstetric effectiveness of cotton cardiac tape for laparoscopic cerclage.
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Ligamento Ancho/patología , Cerclaje Cervical/métodos , Fertilización In Vitro , Laparoscopía , Adulto , Brasil , Ligamento Ancho/cirugía , Fondo de Saco Recto-Uterino/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Embarazo , Suturas , Arteria Uterina , Incompetencia del Cuello del Útero/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have evaluated the expression of homeobox A10 (HOXA10) and steroid (estrogen and progesterone) receptors exclusively in deep endometriosis. Conclusions drawn from studies evaluating peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis are usually generalized to explain the pathogenesis of the disease as a whole. We aimed to evaluate the expression of HOXA10, estrogen receptor α (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR), and PR-B in rectosigmoid endometriosis (RE), a typical model of deep disease. METHODS: We used RE samples from 18 consecutive patients to construct tissue microarray blocks. Nine patients each were operated during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. We quantified the expressions of proteins by immunohistochemistry using the modified Allred score. RESULT: The HOXA10 was expressed in the stroma of nodules during the secretory phase in 5 of the 18 patients. Expression of ER-α (in 16 of 18 patients), PR (in 17 of 18 patients), and PR-B (17 of 18 patients) was moderate to strong in the glands and stroma of nodules during both phases. Expression of both PR (P = .023) and PR-B (P = .024) was significantly greater during the secretory phase. CONCLUSION: The HOXA10 is expressed in RE, where it likely imparts the de novo identity of endometriotic lesions. The ER-α, PR, and PR-B are strongly expressed in RE, which differs from previous studies investigating peritoneal and ovarian lesions. This suggests different routes of pathogenesis for each of the 3 types of endometriosis.
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Endometriosis/metabolismo , Endometrio/química , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/análisis , Proteínas de Homeodominio/análisis , Receptores de Progesterona/análisis , Enfermedades del Recto/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sigmoide/metabolismo , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Adulto , Endometriosis/patología , Endometriosis/fisiopatología , Endometrio/patología , Endometrio/fisiopatología , Células Epiteliales/química , Femenino , Proteínas Homeobox A10 , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ciclo Menstrual , Enfermedades del Recto/patología , Enfermedades del Recto/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Sigmoide/patología , Enfermedades del Sigmoide/fisiopatología , Células del Estroma/químicaRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the technique of laparoscopic dissection for identification of sacral nerve roots and pelvic splanchnic nerves. DESIGN: Case report (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: Private practice hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. PATIENT: A 31-year-old woman with suspected iatrogenic and/or compression of sacral nerve roots. She reported debilitating pelvic, gluteal, and perineal unilateral left-sided pain (score 8 on a pain scale of 0-10), and had primary infertility with 1 previous failed attempt at in vitro fertilization. Surgical history included laparoscopic excision of endometriosis 10 months before the procedure and left oophoroplasty during adolescence because of a benign neoplasm. INTERVENTIONS: Standard 4-puncture laparoscopy was performed. The peritoneum of the left pelvic sidewall was resected to preclude eventual residual endometriosis. This also enabled identification of uterine vessels including the deep uterine vein, which is the limit between the pars vascularis superiorly and the pars nervosa inferiorly in the uterine broad ligament. Surgery was using the laparoscopic neuro-navigation (LANN) technique, previously described by one of us (M. P.). For identification of the sacral roots, dissection was begun medial to the ureter and lateral to the uterosacral ligament. The Okabayashi pararectal space was entered as deep as possible via blunt dissection in avascular spaces. Hemostasis was performed using 5-mm bipolar forceps, and harmonic energy was not used. The hypogastric fascia was entered from medial to lateral, and the piriformis muscle was identified. The sacral nerve root S1 was identified lying over it. Dissection then proceeded caudally, and sacral roots S2 and S3 were sequentially identified. Small and delicate fibers forming the pelvic splanchnic nerves were isolated emerging from sacral roots S2 and S3. Other nerve fibers were identified caudally, probably representing pelvic splanchnic nerves emerging from S4. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The surgical operative time was 70 minutes, and bleeding was minimal. No suspected compression or iatrogenic injury was identified. The patient was discharged on the day after the procedure. At 8-month follow-up, she had partial resolution of pain (score 5, pain scale 0-10), and another failed attempt at in vitro fertilization was attributed to unsatisfactory quality of the embryos. There were no symptoms or dysfunctions attributable to manipulation of the nerves. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is a useful tool for identification of sacral roots and pelvic splanchnic nerves in suspected diseases. Its application in the field of neuropelveology can be expanded with proper knowledge and training.
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Laparoscopía/métodos , Síndromes de Compresión Nerviosa/cirugía , Dolor Pélvico/cirugía , Raíces Nerviosas Espinales/cirugía , Nervios Esplácnicos/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Ligamento Ancho/cirugía , Disección , Endometriosis/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Pelvis/cirugía , SacroRESUMEN
Postmenopausal women with adnexal masses suspicious for malignancy must undergo surgery for histopathologic confirmation. The low positive predictive value for malignancy of the currently available preoperative examinations results in 5 to 220 surgeries performed for each case of pelvic malignancy detected, depending on the evaluation method and patient selection. Although extensively reviewed as an effective tool for the investigation and treatment of adnexal masses, laparoscopy is still underused for this purpose in postmenopausal women. Some reasons are uncertainty about the incidental diagnosis of a malignant lesion during laparoscopy, concern about the effect of laparoscopy over the course of a pelvic malignant lesion, and inadequate referral of patients at high risk to specialized centers with oncologic gynecologists. Identification of patients at low risk might also be inadequate, causing them to undergo unnecessary laparotomy. Herein we demonstrate through a comprehensive literature review that laparoscopy is a highly effective tool for investigation and treatment of suspected adnexal masses in postmenopausal women, both in general medical settings without oncologic backup and in specialized centers. The indications for laparoscopy in this context can be further expanded without oncologic harm if patients at low and high risk are appropriately selected for surgery at general and specialized settings, respectively.
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Laparoscopía , Quistes Ováricos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Posmenopausia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Hallazgos Incidentales , Quistes Ováricos/etiología , Quistes Ováricos/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/etiología , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Espera VigilanteRESUMEN
Deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a common gynecologic disease that is characterized by a difficult and delayed diagnosis. Radiologic mapping of the DIE lesion sites is crucial for case management, patient counseling, and surgical planning. Transvaginal ultrasonography (US) is the initial imaging modality for investigating DIE and has been the focus of several recent studies. DIE typically manifests at imaging as hypoechogenic nodules throughout the affected sites and thickening of the intestinal wall, with some lesions showing a mixed pattern due to cystic areas. Transvaginal US performed after bowel preparation improves the ability to diagnose intestinal lesions and provides invaluable details, including which layers of the intestine are affected and the distance between the lesion and the anal border. It is vital that radiologists be familiar with the technical aspects of this modality and with the US manifestations of DIE lesions. Transvaginal US performed after bowel preparation should be the first-line imaging modality for the evaluation of women with suspected endometriosis.
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Medios de Contraste , Endometriosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Intestinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Laparoscopía/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadística como Asunto , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: endometriosis and its associated infertility have been the object of continuous research for over a century. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, it has become necessary to determine the aspects of its etiology that are not explained by the retrograde menstruation theory. This could in turn elucidate how various clinical and surgical treatments might affect the evolution and remission of the disease. METHODS: this review is focused on the most recent clinical and laboratory findings regarding the association of HOXA10 with endometriosis and infertility. RESULT: the homebox (Hox/HOX) proteins are highly conserved transcription factors that determine segmental body identities in multiple species, including humans. Hoxa10/HOXA10 is directly involved in the embryogenesis of the uterus and embryo implantation via regulation of downstream genes. Cyclical endometrial expression of Hoxa10/HOXA10, with a peak of expression occurring during the window of implantation, is observed in the adult in response to estrogen and progesterone. Women with endometriosis do not demonstrate the expected mid-luteal rise of HOXA10 expression, which might partially explain the infertility observed in many of these patients. Recent studies also demonstrated HOXA10 expression in endometriotic foci outside the Müllerian tract. CONCLUSIONS: multiple lines of evidence suggest that the actions of the homeobox A10 (Hoxa10/HOXA10) gene could account for some aspects of endometriosis.
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Endometriosis/etiología , Endometriosis/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/efectos adversos , Infertilidad Femenina/etiología , Infertilidad Femenina/genética , Adulto , Implantación del Embrión , Endometrio/metabolismo , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Genes Homeobox , Proteínas Homeobox A10 , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Humanos , Embarazo , Progesterona/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Intestinal endometriosis is commonly diagnosed in the setting of deeply infiltrating endometriosis. A multidisciplinary team that includes gynaecologists and general surgeons traditionally performs laparoscopic bowel resections for symptomatic patients. Recently, Pereira et al. has published the results of a series of patients who underwent laparoscopic bowel resection for endometriosis performed by a team of gynaecologic surgeons, after a period of experimental training with animals and joining participation with general surgeons in the first cases. It is suggested that gynaecologic surgeons may be able to perform laparoscopic bowel resections for endometriosis, if properly trained, although the results may not be reproducible. RECENT FINDINGS: A review of recent literature related to laparoscopic bowel resections for endometriosis showed that the learning curve and experience of the surgeon may be the most important predictive factors for the effectiveness of the procedure. Results concerning major operative complications and clinical remission were considered satisfactory in both single and multidisciplinary approaches, that is, laparoscopic bowel resections performed by gynaecologic and colorectal surgeons. Protective colostomies or ileostomies could not reduce the rate of rectovaginal fistulae in multidisciplinary experiences. SUMMARY: The single-surgeon model approach in laparoscopic excision of endometriosis that includes bowel resection may provide advantages for both the patients and healthcare system. The best model should be decided on the maximum benefit of the patient.
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Enfermedades del Colon/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Endometriosis/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Competencia Clínica , Enfermedades del Colon/etiología , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
Laparoscopic transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage (LTCC) is an alternative, less-morbid option to the traditional transabdominal cerclage, indicated for patients with cervical incompetence. Experience with the technique is based on case reports and a few case series. Considering LTCC for twin gestations, reports are very scarce and are derived from LTCC performed during pregnancy. We report the case of a 36-year-old patient, gravida 1, para 0, aborta 1, who underwent interval LTCC after a previous failed transvaginal emergency cerclage performed in the second trimester. Hysteroscopic metroplasty was concomitantly performed for an incomplete septate uterus. The procedure lasted 100 minutes, with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL. The patient was discharged home on the second postoperative day. The patient became pregnant with twins 3 months after the procedure after undergoing in vitro fertilization. The gestational course was uneventful, and the patient delivered 2 healthy neonates at 38 weeks gestation by elective cesarean section. The cerclage tape was left in situ. Minor modifications of the previously reported techniques included use of a laparoscopic Deschamps needle for placing the cotton cardiac tape used as suture material. Vessels in the cervical transverse cervical ligament were exposed before cerclage tape application. To our knowledge, this is the first report of interval LTCC preceding a twin gestation.
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Cerclaje Cervical/métodos , Embarazo Múltiple , Adulto , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Humanos , Laparoscopía , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Técnicas de SuturaRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic bowel resections for endometriosis performed by gynecologic surgeons. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). SETTING: Fertility and pelvic surgery clinics. PATIENTS: One hundred sixty-eight women (age 21-53 years) with symptoms including pelvic pain, infertility, or both with 252 bowel endometriotic lesions underwent laparoscopic bowel resection performed by gynecologic surgeons between May 2000 and January 2008. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic procedures for excision of several endometriotic nodes and lesions included shaving resection (LscShR), discoid resection (LscDR), segmental resection (LscSgR), terminal ileal resection (LscIR), partial cecal resection (LscCR), and appendectomy (LscAp). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The 168 patients underwent 172 laparoscopic bowel resections (4 patients were operated on twice) by the same surgeon. Lesions were distributed as follows: 133 (79%) in the rectum, 61 (24%) in the sigmoid colon, 47 (19%) in the appendix, 5 (2%) in the terminal ileum, 3 (1%) in the descending colon, and 3 (1%) in the cecum. At surgeon discretion, 12 lesions were not resected. A total of 216 bowel procedures were necessary to remove the 240 lesions include shaving resection in 22 patients (10%), discoid resection in 52 (24%), segmental resection in 92 (42%), terminal ileal resection in 2 (1%), partial cecal resection in 1 (0.6), and appendectomy in 47 (22%). Major complications occurred in 13 patients (7.6%) and included rectovaginal fistula in 3 patients (1.7%), rectosigmoid anastomosis dehiscence and bowel occlusion in 1 patient each (0.6%), and persistent bowel dysfunction in 4 patients (2.3%). These results are comparable to those reported in the literature to date. Complete relief of symptoms (measured using the Visick scale) was noted in patients with dysmenorrhea (59%), dyspareunia (75%), noncyclic pelvic pain (90%), pain on defecation (100%), constipation (83%), and cyclic rectal bleeding (100%). CONCLUSION: Surgery to treat bowel endometriosis can be safely and efficiently performed by the gynecologic pelvic surgeon. Meticulous training and a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensive operative care are necessary. These findings can be validated by prospective collaborative studies and reports from other surgeons.
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Competencia Clínica/normas , Endometriosis/cirugía , Ginecología/normas , Enfermedades Intestinales/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Intestinales/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments in women with infertility-associated deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) who underwent extensive laparoscopic excision of endometriosis before IVF with those who underwent IVF only. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Infertility clinic and private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. PATIENTS: A total of 179 infertile patients younger than 38 years had symptoms and/or signs of endometriosis and sonographic images suggestive of DIE. INTERVENTIONS: After thorough counseling, 179 women were invited to participate in a prospective cohort study with 2 treatment options: IVF without undergoing laparoscopic surgery (group A, n = 105) and extensive laparoscopic excision of DIE before IVF (group B, n = 64). Ten women were lost to follow-up. The IVF outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In group B, patients had 5 +/- 2 (mean +/- SD) DIE lesions excised during laparoscopy. Patient characteristics in groups A and B, respectively, were: age (32 +/- 3 vs 32 +/- 3 years, p = .94), infertility duration (29 +/- 20 vs 27 +/- 17 months, p = .45), day-3 serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels (5.6 +/- 2.5 vs 5.9 +/- 2.5 IU/L, p = .50), and previous IVF attempts (1 +/- 1 vs 2 +/- 1, p = .01). The IVF outcomes differed between groups A and B, respectively, with regard to total dose of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone required to accomplish ovulation induction (2380 +/- 911 vs 2542 +/- 1012 IU, p = .01), number of oocytes retrieved (10 +/- 5 vs 9 +/- 5, p = .04), and pregnancy rates (24% vs 41%, p = .004), but not number of embryos transferred (3 +/- 1 vs 3 +/- 1, p = 1). The odds ratio of achieving a pregnancy were 2.45 times greater in group B than in group A. CONCLUSION: Extensive laparoscopic excision of DIE significantly improved IVF pregnancy rates of women with infertility-associated DIE.
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Endometriosis/cirugía , Fertilización In Vitro , Infertilidad Femenina/terapia , Laparoscopía/métodos , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Infertilidad Femenina/complicaciones , Proyectos Piloto , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Endometriosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Recto/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Sigmoide/diagnóstico por imagen , Endometriosis/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Recto/cirugía , Enfermedades del Sigmoide/cirugía , Ultrasonografía , Vagina/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic rectosigmoid anterior wall discoid resection for endometriosis using the circular stapler. A retrospective analysis was conducted of nine consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic radical excision of pelvic endometriosis, including bowel anterior wall discoid excision, at the Fertility and Pelvic Surgery Clinic and private hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil. The selected intervention was a radical laparoscopic endometriosis resection, including rectosigmoid anterior wall excision with the circular stapler. For certain types of bowel endometriosis, the anterior wall discoid stapler excision proved a suitable option that diminishes the chances of serious complications such as bowel fistula or anastomosis dehiscence.
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Colon Sigmoide/cirugía , Endometriosis/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ginecológicos/métodos , Laparoscopios , Engrapadoras Quirúrgicas , Adulto , Endometriosis/patología , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A origem multifatorial da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) abrange: idade, sexo, paridade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), hipoestrogenismo e constipação intestinal, entre os mais conhecidos. Também há relatos sobre possível predisposição familiar à IUE, além de sua associação com doenças do colágeno. Baseados nesses relatos e sabendo da importância do colágeno na constituição da musculatura lisa e dos tecidos fasciais de sustentação pélvica, pode-se supor que haja predisposição genética à doença, relacionada principalmente ao metabolismo do colágeno. Alterações desse metabolismo poderiam estar envolvidas na suscetibilidade e na gênese da IUE. Os autores discutem, neste artigo, os principais trabalhos que destacam essa hipótese, o papel do colágeno e a sua relação com IUE, além das pesquisas que podem trazer aplicações práticas na prevenção e tratamento dessa doença.
The multifactorial origins of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) includes: age, sex, parity, body mass index (BMI), hipoestrogenism and intestinal constipation, among the most known factors. There are also reports about a possible familial predisposition to SUI and its association to collagen diseases. Based on these reports, and also on the collagen importance for the smooth muscles and fascial tissues constitution for pelvic organs support, it is reasonable to assume that there is a genetic predisposition to the disease, mostly related to the collagen metabolism. Changes in collagen metabolism might be involved in the susceptibility and origins of SUI. In this article, the authors discuss the main publications that may justify this hypothesis, the collagen function and its relation to SUI. The researches that may lead to practical applications for prevention and treatment of this disease are highlighted.