RESUMEN
This study aimed to establish the distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, in the muscle and liver of the spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei from the northern Gulf of California to establish the bioaccumulation background data in this species. The individuals (n = 110) were obtained by bycatch from the Gulf of California hake fisheries, and the metals and metalloid were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The element with the highest concentration in the muscle (15.19 ± 5.40 mg kg-1) and the liver (20.98 ± 10.30 mg kg-1) was As, followed by essential elements (Zn > Cu), and the lowest were the non-essential Pb (0.029 ± 0.014 and 0.048 ± 0.038 mg kg-1, muscle and liver, respectively) and Cd (0.022 ± 0.014 and 0.796 ± 0.495 mg kg-1, muscle and liver, respectively). The liver showed higher bioaccumulation than the muscle in all the studied elements. The sex was not a factor that influenced the bioaccumulation. The concentrations of As in the muscle did not exceed the maximum permissible limits of Mexican legislation, and < 50% of the samples exceed Cd and Pb limits of the Mexican, European Union, and WHO/FAO regulations. The differences found between the elements and tissues could be related to the different diets of the species, their migratory patterns, and their life conditions. Studies in the deep-sea water H. colliei are limited, and further investigations are needed regarding the feeding habits of H. colliei as well as the interactions of potentially toxic elements within the deep-sea water habitat.
Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Humanos , Animales , Cadmio/metabolismo , Bioacumulación , Plomo/metabolismo , Peces , Hígado/metabolismo , Músculos , Agua de Mar , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Metales Pesados/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study aimed to establish the distribution of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the main tissues (muscle, liver, gonads, and gills) of the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) from the northern Gulf of California to establish baseline bioavailability levels in the northern stock. The results for Pb and Cd were the lowest in the studied tissues (Pb < 0.005 mg kg-1 in the liver and gonads and 1.43 mg kg-1 for Cd in the liver), followed by levels of Cu and As (muscle > liver > gonads > gills) and Zn with the most abundant levels in all the tissues. The sex of the organisms was not a factor that influenced the bioaccumulation and distribution of the potential toxic elements (PTEs) nor total length, except for As in gills and Cd in muscle and the liver. Important interactions among Zn and non-essential elements were established. The Pacific hake intake of PTEs was probably through the diet via bioaccumulation of the elements in their prey and less by pollution of the water column. In the muscle, a major distribution and storage of As, Zn, and Pb were observed, but in the liver, higher loads were from Cd and Cu. The maximum tolerable weekly intake must be very high to be at health risk for the essential elements and Cd. However, the population might be at risk for Pb and As consumption if more than 124 g of M. productus in adults and 35 g in children are consumed per week. Further investigations are required to understand the dynamics of PTEs in M. productus as it could be proposed as a biomonitor species.