RESUMEN
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the leading causes of food-borne salmonellosis in humans. Poultry is the single largest reservoir, and the consumption of incorrectly processed chicken meat and egg products is the major source of infection. Since 2006, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been banned in the European Union, and the dietary inclusion of ß-galactomannans (ßGM) has become a promising strategy to control and prevent intestinal infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various ßGM-rich products on intestinal morphology in chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. To assess this effect, a total of 280 male Ross 308 chickens were studied (40 animals per treatment housed in 5 cages). There were 7 treatments, including controls: uninoculated birds fed the basal diet (negative control) and inoculated birds fed the basal diet (positive control) or the basal diet supplemented with Salmosan (1 g/kg), Duraió gum (1 g/kg), Cassia gum (1 g/kg), the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.5 g/kg), or the antibiotic colistine (0.8 g/kg). The birds were fed these diets from the d 1 to 23, except the animals in the colistine group, which were fed the diet containing the antibiotic only from d 5 to 11. The inoculated animals were orally infected on d 7 with 10(8) cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis. Bird performance per replicate was determined for the whole study period (23 d), and the distal ileum and cecal tonsil of 5 animals per treatment (1 animal per replicate) were observed at different magnification levels (scanning electron, light, and laser confocal microscopy). In the images corresponding to the treatments containing ßGM we observed more mucus, an effect that can be associated with the observation of more goblet cells. Moreover, the images also show fewer M cells, which are characteristic of infected animals. Regarding the morphometric parameters, the animals that received Duraió and Cassia gums show greater (P = 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively) villus length compared with the animals in the positive control, thus indicating the capacity of these products to increase epithelial surface area. However, no effect (P > 0.05) on microvillus dimensions was detected. In conclusion, the results obtained indicating the beneficial effects of these ßGM on intestinal morphology give more evidence of the positive effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/microbiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Enteritis/veterinaria , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Mananos/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Salmonelosis Animal/patología , Salmonella enteritidis , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Ciego/efectos de los fármacos , Ciego/microbiología , Ciego/patología , Colistina/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Enteritis/microbiología , Enteritis/patología , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/microbiología , Íleon/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Intestinos/microbiología , Intestinos/patología , Masculino , Mananos/administración & dosificación , Microvellosidades/efectos de los fármacos , Microvellosidades/microbiología , Microvellosidades/ultraestructura , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
One of the most frequent etiologic agents of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is Escherichia coli O157H7, a microorganism that possesses virulence factors (Shiga-like Toxins I and II and adhesion fimbriae). The present study was set up to determine the relationship between HUS and the presence of Verotoxin in patients of "Niño Jesús" Children's Hospital. Tucumán, Argentina. 19 Children between 0 and 4 years old suffering from HUS (typical and atypical symptoms) and 15 control children of similar sex and age were selected. Presence of enterohemorrhagic E. coli was studied in both groups using molecular hybridization techniques. Free Verotoxin and Verotoxin-producing E. coli were analyzed in Vero cells. The following results were obtained: 1) The cytotoxic effect on Vero cells from fecal filtrates was observed in all children suffering from HUS 2) Verotoxin-producing E. coli was detected in only 12 of them 3) None of the filtrates of feces from control children presented a cytotoxic effect on Vero cells 4) In 8 of the patients suffering from HUS serotype O157H7 was isolated, in one O55K59 and in 3 typification of E. coli was not possible with the serums assayed 5) 77.5% of the strains isolated from HUS patients gave a positive molecular hybridization reaction, showing the following: Adhesion Fimbriae (AF) (25%); AF + Shiga-like Toxin I (13.75%); AF + Shiga-like Toxin II (20%); AF + Shiga-like Toxins I and II (41.25%). In patients suffering from atypical HUS a combination of AF + Shiga-like Toxins I and II was found. The 15 control children did not hybridize to the probes assayed. From the results obtained we may conclude that there exists a relationship between HUS and the presence of Verotoxin in the children suffering from HUS studied. The predominant serotype in our cases was O157H7 and Shiga-like Toxin II was found with highest frequency.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/etiología , Argentina/epidemiología , Toxinas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Preescolar , Diarrea/etiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea Infantil/etiología , Diarrea Infantil/microbiología , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Escherichia coli/ultraestructura , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/complicaciones , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Fiebre/etiología , Fiebre/microbiología , Fimbrias Bacterianas , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/epidemiología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Diálisis Peritoneal , Estudios Prospectivos , Serotipificación , Toxina Shiga I , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Se informa un caso de gastroenteritis infecciosa (GEI) causada por un Rotavirus (RV) no-A en la provincia de Tucumán. La muestra de materia fecal resultó negativa en la prueba de enzimoinmunoensayo (ELISA) para RV del grupo A y por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida del RNA viral presentó un bandeo genómico coincidente con el descripto por Pedley para los RV clasificados en el grupo C. Esta sería la primera comunicación sobre detección de RV no-A causante de GEI humana en la República Argentina
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/microbiología , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Heces/microbiología , ARN Viral/análisis , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Se informa un caso de gastroenteritis infecciosa (GEI) causada por un Rotavirus (RV) no-A en la provincia de Tucumán. La muestra de materia fecal resultó negativa en la prueba de enzimoinmunoensayo (ELISA) para RV del grupo A y por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida del RNA viral presentó un bandeo genómico coincidente con el descripto por Pedley para los RV clasificados en el grupo C. Esta sería la primera comunicación sobre detección de RV no-A causante de GEI humana en la República Argentina (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/microbiología , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Heces/microbiología , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/inmunología , ARN Viral/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción EnzimáticaRESUMEN
A case of infectious gastroenteritis (GEI) caused by a non-A Rotavirus (RV) in the province of Tucumán is reported. Fecal sample analysis for group A RV by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) gave a negative result. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the viral RNA showed a genomic pattern coincident with that described by Pedley for RV belonging to group C. To our knowledge, this is the first communication on the detection of non-A RV as an etiological agent of human GEI in Argentina.
Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/microbiología , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , ARN Viral/análisis , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A case of infectious gastroenteritis (GEI) caused by a non-A Rotavirus (RV) in the province of Tucumán is reported. Fecal sample analysis for group A RV by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) gave a negative result. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the viral RNA showed a genomic pattern coincident with that described by Pedley for RV belonging to group C. To our knowledge, this is the first communication on the detection of non-A RV as an etiological agent of human GEI in Argentina.
RESUMEN
Using a standardized epidural anesthetic technic, we compared levels of sensory anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section and in nonpregnant women undergoing elective surgery. When equal volumes of local anesthetic solutions were injected (either 15 ml or 20 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine without epinephrine), there was no statistically significant difference in sensory levels in pregnant and nonpregnant patients.