RESUMEN
This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) or/and vitamin C (VC) on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative and antioxidant status, reproductive hormones, and semen quality variables, and scrotal-testicular dimensions of Zaraibi goat bucks. Twenty sexually mature bucks (41.49 ± 0.91 kg BW) were randomly divided into 4 groups (5 bucks/group). The control group was fed the control diet, while the other three groups received a diet supplemented with VC (2 g/animal /day), CV (5 g/animal/day), and CV plus VC (the same levels), respectively, for 8 weeks (treatment period), and then semen was collected for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CV-VC combination significantly increased the final body weight, weight gain, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocytes; elevated serum total protein, globulin, testosterone, estradiol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase with a significant reduction in Malondialdehyde in serum and seminal plasma. Also, the CV-VC combination significantly improved the ejaculate volume, total sperm output, sperm concentration, and live sperm, and reduced reaction time and sperm abnormality of bucks. Either CV or VC given separately or in combination, at the chosen levels, had no detrimental effects on animal physiological responses with normal hepatic and renal functions. Therefore, the CV-VC combination could be safely utilized as a dietary supplement in buck's diets to improve antioxidant defenses, scavenge free radicals, and potentiate buck's reproductive activities under normal conditions.
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Antioxidantes , Chlorella vulgaris , Masculino , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Cabras/fisiología , Semillas , Espermatozoides , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estrés Oxidativo , Dieta/veterinaria , VitaminasRESUMEN
The increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus presents a significant challenge to healthcare systems today. Although diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are well-established complications of diabetes, there is a paucity of research examining the impact of dysglycaemia on the olfactory system. Olfaction is an important sense, playing a role in the safety, nutrition and quality of life of an individual, but its importance is often overlooked when compared with the other senses. As a result, olfactory dysfunction is often underdiagnosed. The present review article aims to present and discuss the available evidence on the relationship between diabetes and olfaction. It also explores the associations between olfactory dysfunction and diabetes complications that could explain the underlying pathogenesis. Finally, it summarizes the putative pathological mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction in diabetes that require further investigation.
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Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , Albuminuria/epidemiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/metabolismo , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Nefropatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Neuropatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Humanos , Trastornos del Olfato/metabolismo , Trastornos del Olfato/fisiopatología , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA amplification is a costly procedure in terms of time and reagents. Consequently, the search for more a cost-effective specific HCV diagnostic method is of great interest. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods that detect HCV in serum, plasma, whole blood, and ascites without the need for sample pretreatment are not currently available. Here, a CZE method was developed that detects a larger specific peak in serum and other body fluids of HCV-infected patients than that found in healthy or hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals. The nature of the HCV peak was investigated using biochemical treatments, including RNase, DNase, and chymotrypsin enzymes. Electroeluted HCV peak was applied to transmission electron microscopy; electron micrographs showed that the HCV peak was attributed to virus-like particles with diameter and morphological properties similar to non-enveloped HCV nucleocapsids. The determination of CZE-HCV and HCV-RNA levels using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 258 subjects revealed that these two tests were highly correlated (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001). One important issue of HCV testing is the storage conditions of serum to obtain reliable results. Serum samples at -20 °C showed the best preservation of the HCV peak up to one year. In conclusion, we detected HCV using CZE in a microliters volume from different body fluids. Besides the stability of samples in maintaining their peak height, the HCV-CZE test is rapid (<15 min) and a well-suited and low-cost technique. Thus, a major improvement in the quantitative diagnosis of HCV infection was established.
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Electroforesis Capilar/métodos , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Femenino , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Viral/sangre , ARN Viral/genética , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Carga Viral/métodosRESUMEN
Oral streptococci represent about 20% of the total oral bacteria, so if it is possible to detect the presence of oral specific bacteria from a forensic specimen by Polymerase chain reaction, this could be used to verify the presence of saliva. Aim of this study is detection of Streptococcus salivarius which is one of the most common streptococci in oral bacteria and Streptococcus mutans which is common in cases of dental caries in various body fluids and skin swabs and assessment of which one of both organisms is more reliable in saliva identification, cross sectional study on Egypt population. Negative control samples (15 samples) were taken from various body fluids (urine, semen) and skin swabs. Mock forensic samples (85 samples) included fresh saliva, saliva, cotton fabrics contaminated with saliva, cigarette butts, bitten apple and semen mixed with saliva samples). DNA extraction was done using DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen, Tokyo, Japan). Polymerase chain reaction was done for DNA amplification using Polymerase chain reaction master mix then gel electrophoresis was done for samples qualification. Control bacteria were S. salivarius and Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus salivarius was detected in 83.5% of all saliva contained samples and S. mutans was detected in 67% of saliva contained samples. Both bacteria were not detected in other body fluids and skin swabs, so S. salivarius is more reliable in saliva identification as well as differentiating it from other body fluids. Polymerase chain reaction is valuable in detection of saliva by detecting S. salivarius.
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ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Saliva/microbiología , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Transversales , Egipto , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/normas , Estándares de Referencia , Streptococcus/clasificación , Streptococcus/genética , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and toxicities of docetaxel-based induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Patients with localized, operable gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma received two cycles of induction chemotherapy of fluorouracil, docetaxel, and cisplatin (TPF) followed by 45 Gy of radiation and concurrent fluorouracil plus docetaxel then surgery for nonmetastatic patients. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were included. Pretreatment T3 was encountered in 56 % of patients while 61 % had N1 disease. A pathologic complete response (CR) was noted in 24 % of patients. Pathologic response was significantly associated with baseline T stage (P < 0.001) and N stage (P = 0.002). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 47.3 and 42.1 %, respectively. OS was significantly correlated with R0 resection (P = 0.027), pathological response (P = 0.01), dissected pathologically positive lymph node (P = 0.037), and postsurgery (T) stage (P = 0.02). Toxicities were manageable and there were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION: Docetaxel-based chemoradiotherapy in localized gastric adenocarcinoma patients resulted in 24 % path CR and was not associated with a higher percentage of postoperative complications. A well-designed randomized controlled trial is mandatory to further endorse this evolving approach.
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Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Quimioradioterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Docetaxel , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Inducción , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Taxoides/administración & dosificación , Taxoides/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of closely-linked genes encoded on the short arm of chromosome 6. It is important for understanding human immunological diseases, transplantation and in host defense against infection. The membrane proteins are two types; class I MHC proteins and class II MHC proteins. Strong arguments supporting genetic linkage between susceptibility to lymphomas and human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-class II are reported and give a clue about susceptibility or protection from the disease. AIM: To evaluate the possible changes of HLA class II (DR, DQ) alleles in children with lymphoma. METHODS: Thirty cases were included in this limited study. Nineteen cases of non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and eleven patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD). Their ages ranged from 1.5 to 15 years. The control group consisted of 121 unrelated healthy subjects for DRB1 alleles and 59 unrelated healthy subjects for DQB1 alleles (only 59 subjects were typed for both DRB1 and DQB1). All cases in the study were assessed by thorough history taking, physical examination and laboratory investigations that included complete blood count, renal function tests, liver function tests, serum uric acid and HLA typing. Patients and controls were typed for HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles using INNO-LIPA reverse hybridization line probe assay (Innogenetic, Belgium). RESULTS: HLA-DRB1 *0403 and *1301 and HLA-DQB1 *0501,* 0201 and *0301 were significantly increased in patients with NHL when compared with control; whereas HLA-DRB1 *1302 and HLA-DQB1 *0502 and *0602 were significantly decreased when compared with control. In patients with HD, HLA-DRB1 *0403 and *1202 and HLA-DQB1 *0604, *0201 and *0203 were significantly increased when compared with control. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The susceptibility to NHL is related to HLA-DRB1 *0403 and *1301 and HLA-DQB1 *0501,* 0201 and *0301. (2) The susceptibility to HD is related to HLA-DRB1 *0403 and *1202 and HLA-DQB1 *0604, *0201 and *0203. (3) HLA-DRB1 *1302 and HLA-DQB1 *0502 and *0602 may confer protection to NHL. (4) Different HLA alleles may have a role in patients with both groups of lymphoma and further study is needed to better define the possible prognostic value of different HLA associations in patients with lymphomas regarding increased risk in the presence of certain HLA alleles and the possibility for treatment modifications in the future based on the presence or absence of certain HLA alleles.
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Antígenos HLA-D/genética , Linfoma no Hodgkin/genética , Linfoma/genética , Linfoma/inmunología , Polimorfismo Genético , Niño , Intervalos de Confianza , Egipto , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1 , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/genética , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/inmunología , Humanos , Linfoma no Hodgkin/inmunología , Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad , Masculino , Oportunidad RelativaRESUMEN
Plasma processing has been identified as a useful tool for immobilizing heavy metal-contaminated wastes into safe, leach-resistant slag. Although much effort has gone into developing this technology on a pilot scale, not much information has been published on basic research topics. A laboratory-scale plasma arc furnace located at the University of Illinois was operated in cooperation with the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories in an effort to establish an understanding of the chemical and physical processes (such as metal volatilization and resultant gas evolution) that occur during thermal plasma treatment of metal-spiked samples. Experiments were conducted on nickel and chromium using a highly instrumented furnace equipped with a 75 kW transferred arc plasma torch. The volatility of nickel and chromium was examined as a function of varying oxygen partial pressures. Oxidizing conditions reduced the total dust gathered for both the nickel and chromium samples, although each dust sample was found to be metal-enriched. Plasma treating increased the leach-resistance of the slags by at least one order of magnitude when compared to unprocessed specimens. The leach- resistance of the nickel-containing slags increased in the presence of oxygen, whereas chromium samples remained relatively constant.