RESUMEN
The effect of cadmium chloride on the fatty acid composition of lipids of the erythrocytes and blood plasma has been studied. It has been established that in the process of cadmium intoxication the decrease of the level of unsaturated fatty acids takes place and the most considerable changes in the content of oleic and arachidonic acids. It makes possible to assume the disturbance of both the erythrocytes membrane structure and metabolism in the erythrocyte. Unitiol injection promotes the normalisation of the indices under investigation.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación por Cadmio/sangre , Quelantes/uso terapéutico , Membrana Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Unitiol/uso terapéutico , Animales , Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Intoxicación por Cadmio/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Masculino , RatasRESUMEN
The investigation dealt with testing vitamins A,E,B1 and B2 levels in the blood of children residing in different regions of Ukraine. The existence of polyhypovitaminosis, especially in children suffering from gastrointestinal tract disease was displayed. 28% of the children may be attributed to a risk group. Some measures directed to polyhypovitaminosis elimination in children, residing in Ukraine, are proposed.
Asunto(s)
Avitaminosis/diagnóstico , Riboflavina/sangre , Tiamina/sangre , Vitamina A/sangre , Vitamina E/sangre , Adolescente , Avitaminosis/sangre , Avitaminosis/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/sangre , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/complicaciones , Humanos , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Ucrania , Deficiencia de Vitamina A/diagnóstico , Deficiencia de Vitamina B/diagnóstico , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Activity of lymphocyte chalone-tissue-specific inhibitor of cell proliferation and its effect on immunocompetent cells in antioxidant insufficiency (AOI) and its correction with vitamin E were studied in the work. It was stated that lymphocyte chalone quantity in AOI increased 2 times as compared with control values and was at the same level when using alpha-tocopherol acetate. The inhibiting activity of chalone was preserved in relation to the proliferative activity of lymphocytes and disappeared in relation to DNA-synthesis with immunocompetent cells. The study of fatty acids spectrum of lymphocyte membrane phospholipids has shown that lymphocyte chalone normalized the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that demonstrates the antioxidant properties of lymphocyte chalone.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/farmacología , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/inmunología , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/fisiología , Masculino , Ratas , Bazo/inmunología , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Different doses of sodium nitrite were studied for their action in acute and chronic experiments on rats. Nitrite (NaNO2) hypoxia in rats was simulated to show how the methemoglobin (MtHb) level in blood depends on NaNO2 doses and the method of introduction. Lethal and sublethal doses of NaNO2 (50% of MtHb and more) promoted a decrease of lipid peroxidation (LP) in the liver microsomes, while the average and easy level of hypoxia activated it. Introduction of NaNO2 has led to dose-dependent activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver, blood and heart tissues as well as to disturbances in the DNA structure. An average level (40 mg NaNO2 per kg of rat weight daily during one month) of chronic nitrite hypoxia has led to the same changes of metabolism as acute one. Vitamin E normalized LP, but not the MtHb level.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Hipoxia/inducido químicamente , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Nitrito de Sodio/toxicidad , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Daño del ADN , ADN de Cadena Simple/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hipoxia/sangre , Hipoxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Metahemoglobina/análisis , Metahemoglobina/efectos de los fármacos , Metahemoglobinemia/sangre , Metahemoglobinemia/inducido químicamente , Metahemoglobinemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Oxidative metabolism and the antioxidant system were studied in the myocardium of rats with various experimental impairments of heart tissue. Vitamin E and its synthetic derivatives proved to be effective in correction of the deteriorations observed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo , Animales , Presión Sanguínea , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Peroxidación de Lípido , Miocardio/metabolismo , Ratas , Vitamina E/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
The authors investigated the activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferases of the blood serum, mitochondria and postmitochondrial fraction of the liver in conditions of administration of mineral cotton from ferronickel slag. It was shown that 1 and 3 months after introduction of mineral cotton dust changes occurred in the activity of these enzymes. Restoration of these enzymes occurred 6 months after introduction of mineral cotton dust.
Asunto(s)
Alanina Transaminasa/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatasa Alcalina/efectos de los fármacos , Aleaciones/envenenamiento , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Calcio , Polvo/efectos adversos , Hierro/envenenamiento , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Níquel/envenenamiento , Silicatos , Ácido Silícico/envenenamiento , Alanina Transaminasa/análisis , Fosfatasa Alcalina/análisis , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/análisis , Enfermedad Crónica , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Intoxicación/enzimología , RatasRESUMEN
Lipid peroxidation (LPO), physico-chemical properties of the membranes and isoformic composition of microsomal cytochrome P-450 from the rat liver were studied under conditions of antioxidant insufficiency (AOI) which was modelled by exclusion of alpha-tocopherol from the animals' ration. An insignificant accumulation of microsomal diene conjugates and schiff bases against a sharp increase of the ability to the prooxidant stimulated LPO in vitro took place. A significant decrease of membrane lipid microviscosity and a change in surface properties of microsomal membranes of rats with AOI was determined. Absence of alpha-tocopherol in the ration was accompanied by a significant change in the content of separate isoforms of cytochrome P-450 exhibited in growth of a polypeptide with m. w. 54 kDa and the lowering of proteins with m. w. 48 and 50 kDa. Less intensive quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by acrylamide was also revealed, which testified to a lower accessibility of the quencher to membrane proteins or their fluorophore sites. Modification of lipid composition and of physicochemical properties of the rat liver membrane microsomes which was observed at AOI was significantly correlated by pretreatment with the antioxidant 4-methyl-2,6-ditretbutylphenol (ionol).
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , RatasRESUMEN
Physico-chemical parameters of membranes of skeletal muscles' sarcoplasmic reticulum in antioxidant insufficiency, which was modelled by excluding alpha-tocopherol from the animals ration, and after treatment with phenol antioxidant ionol were studied. It was shown that activation of lipid peroxidation in vitamin E insufficiency results in a significant lowering of microviscosity of lipid bilayer membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Using polarography significant changes in membrane protein conformation were revealed, which were characterized by lowering of integrity and by disorganization of protein globules. Treatment of animals with antioxidant insufficiency with ionol led to certain normalization of changes of physico-chemical characteristics of the learned membrane structures caused by lipid peroxidation.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxidos/farmacología , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacología , Membrana Celular/química , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Músculos/metabolismo , Polarografía , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
It is shown that in case of antioxidant insufficiency (AOI) activation of NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscles proceeds 1.7 and 4.1 times faster, respectively. Activation of lipid peroxidation in AOI leads to damage of Ca2+ transport processes in SR of skeletal muscles. Under these conditions ATP-dependent accumulation of 45Ca (by 88%) and Ca(2+)-ATPase (by 14%) activity in SR of skeletal muscles falls. In case of AOI a significant disturbance of passive Ca2+ transport in SR of skeletal muscles takes place, being characterized by an increased passive 45Ca output from vesicles due to breakage of the biomembrane permeability as a result of lipid peroxidation of membranes. Treatment of animals with ionol, a synthetic antioxidant, causes a decrease of activated NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent LPO in SR of skeletal muscles and stabilization of Ca2+ transport processes.
Asunto(s)
Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacología , Calcio/metabolismo , Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxidos/farmacología , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/efectos de los fármacos , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes , Transporte Biológico , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/fisiología , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Femenino , Peroxidación de Lípido , Músculos/metabolismo , NADP/metabolismo , Ratas , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismoRESUMEN
Some parameters of calcium transport in rat liver microsomes under conditions of lipoperoxidation activation modelled by antioxidant deficiency (AOD) were studied. This process was shown to be associated with a sharp stimulation of NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum. The activation of lipid peroxidation was accompanied by disturbances in the kinetic properties of Ca2(+)-ATPase. This was paralleled with a considerable decrease of the ATP-dependent 45Ca-accumulation, increase in the passive permeability of microsomal vesicles for Ca2+ and Ca2+ elevation in the microsomal fraction. The AOD-induced diminution of the Ca2(+)-pump efficiency was slightly prevented by injections of rats with the antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol acetate and ionol which enable Ca2+ compartmentation correction in liver cytosol and membrane fractions.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Hígado/metabolismo , Animales , Transporte Biológico Activo/efectos de los fármacos , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacología , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/antagonistas & inhibidores , Retículo Endoplásmico/enzimología , Femenino , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ratas , Vitamina E/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Physiochemical conformity of the alpha-tocopherol interaction with hepatic microsomal membranes has been studied by means of fluorescent probes (pyrene and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate). The microsomal membrane microviscosity is shown to sharply decrease under conditions of the antioxidant deficiency with vitamin E expelled into animals normalizes microviscosity, but feebly influences the microsomal surface charge. Microcalorimetry has been used to establish that penetration of tocopherol into microsomal membranes was accompanied by the exothermic effect.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacología , Membranas Intracelulares/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina E/farmacología , Animales , Femenino , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Técnicas In Vitro , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
Distinct activation of both nonenzymatic and enzymatic forms of lipid peroxidation, with prevalence of the nonenzymatic reactions was detected in liver microsomes of rats kept on vitamin E-deficient diet. Content of main microsomal oxygenase cytochrome P-450 was unaltered, while activity of oxidative hydroxylation of the substrate of the type I (aminopyrine) was slightly decreased. After administration of the inhibitors of free radical reactions alpha-tocopherol and ionol into the animals reactions of lipid peroxidation and metabolism of xenobiotics were corrected to some degree in liver microsomes. At the same time, aminotransferase activities were normalized in liver subcellular fractions.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Oxigenasas/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacología , Femenino , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ratas , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/enzimología , Xenobióticos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The vitamin E deficiency in the rat diet was studied for its effect on the activity of Ca2+-pump and phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane fragments of myocardium. It is shown that under such an antioxidant deficiency ATP-dependent accumulation of calcium is 2.5 times as low, from 490 down to 190 nmol/mg of protein for 5 min. The administration of ionol, a synthetic antioxidant, to animals reduces the level of calcium accumulation, it is 1.8 times as high as that with vitamin E deficiency; cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum preparation membranes of the test animal myocardium produces a 1.6-2.1 times increase in them of the ATP-dependent accumulation of calcium, the kinetics of Ca2+ accumulation is unchanged.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfato/fisiología , Calcio/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/metabolismo , Animales , Transporte Biológico , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/farmacología , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Dieta , Femenino , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Lípidos de la Membrana/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
Compartmentalization of Ca2+ was studied in homogenates and subcellular fractions (nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes and cytosol fraction) of rat liver tissue under conditions of chemical lesion of hepatocyte membranes caused by CCl4. The studies were carried out within 2, 24, 48, 96 and 168 hrs after the CCl4 administration. The chemical lesion of hepatocyte membranes led to considerable increase in Ca2+ concentration in the subcellular fractions studied, especially in cytosol fraction, where it reached about 424% as compared with the control level. The drastic increase of calcium concentration in cytosol appears to be due to disturbance of both Ca2+ elimination through plasmatic membrane and its mitochondrial sequestration.