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With the rising popularity of smart homes, there is an urgent need for devices that can perform real-time online detection of ammonia (NH3) concentrations for food quality measurement. In addition, timely warning is crucial to preventing individual deaths from NH3. However, few studies can realize continuous monitoring of NH3 with high stability and subsequent application validation. Herein, we report on an integrated device equipped with a nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx gas sensor that shows great potential in detecting food spoilage and NH3 leakage. The nitrogen doping results in the lattice misalignment of Ti3C2Tx, subsequently realizing effective barrier height modulation and enhanced charge transfer efficiency of nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx. Density functional theory calculations confirm the greatly enhanced adsorption of NH3 on nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx. Our work can inspire the design of efficient gas sensors for real-time and wireless detection of food spoilage and NH3 leakage.

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INTRODUCTION: It is unclear how tranexamic acid (TXA) affects blood loss and seizures in meningioma resections. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis and tried to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TXA use for patients undergoing meningioma resections. METHODS: Regards to this systematic review and meta-analysis (registered with CRD42023416693), we searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), EBSCO, and Cochrane central library up to and including Oct 2023. Patients undergoing meningioma resections treated with TXA and placebo or no treatment were eligible for this study. This would allow delineation of the impact of TXA on blood loss, postoperative seizure, and other complication incidences. RESULTS: Four prospective cohort studies with 781 patients (390 patients in the TXA group and 391 patients in the control group) were conducted via a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results suggested that the application of TXA for patients undergoing meningioma resections reduced mean blood loss of 252 mL with 95% confidence interval (CI) -469.26 to -34.67 (P = 0.02) and I2 of 94% but did not increase postoperative seizure (risk ratio: 1.08; 95%CI: 0.54 to 2.15; P = 0.84) and other complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the administration of TXA could reduce blood loss in patients undergoing intracerebral meningioma resection. REGISTRY INFORMATION: The systematic review protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42023416693) on April 23, 2023.

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Polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) represent a promising novel treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with encouraging results. However, the combination targets in CRPC remain largely unexplored. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to play a crucial role in cancer progression and DNA damage response. Here, we observed a higher overall level of m6A and a downregulation of Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), which correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters in prostate cancer (PCa). Functionally, reduced FTO promotes PCa growth, while overexpression of FTO has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, FOXO3a was identified as the downstream target of FTO in PCa. FTO downregulates the expression of FOXO3a in an m6A-dependent manner, leading to the degradation of its mRNA. Importantly, DNA damage can degrade FTO through the ubiquitination pathway. Finally, we found that overexpression of FTO can enhance the effect of PARPi on PCa. Therefore, our findings may provide insight into novel therapeutic approaches for CRPC.

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The real-time and room-temperature detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) holds significant importance for environmental monitoring. However, the performance of NO2 sensors has been hampered by the trade-off between the high sensitivity and stability of conventional sensitive materials. Here, we present a novel fully flexible paper-based gas sensing structure by combining a homogeneous screen-printed titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene-based nonmetallic electrode with a MoS2 quantum dots/Ti3C2Tx (MoS2 QDs/Ti3C2Tx) gas-sensing film. These precisely designed gas sensors demonstrate an improved response value (16.3% at 5 ppm) and a low theoretical detection limit of 12.1 ppb toward NO2, which exhibit a remarkable 3.5-fold increase in sensitivity compared to conventional Au interdigital electrodes. The outstanding performance can be attributed to the integration of the quantum confinement effect of MoS2 QDs and the conductivity of Ti3C2Tx, establishing the main active adsorption sites and enhanced charge transport pathways. Furthermore, an end-sealing effect strategy was applied to decorate the defect sites with naturally oxygen-rich tannic acid and conductive polymer, and the formed hydrogen bonding network at the interface effectively mitigated the oxidative degradation of the Ti3C2Tx-based gas sensors. The exceptional stability has been achieved with only a 1.8% decrease in response over 4 weeks. This work highlights the innovative design of high-performance gas sensing materials and homogeneous gas sensor techniques.

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As a novel pollutant, microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern. Melatonin (MT) has a protective effect on the damage caused by pollutants. However, there is still a lack of research on the transgenerational toxicity of microplastics and the alleviation of microplastics toxicity by MT. In this study, the adult zebrafish was exposed to (0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) with or without (1 µM) MT for 14 days, and embryos (F1) were used for experiments. Our study found that long-term exposure of parents to 1 mg/L PSNP reduced fertilization rate and survival rate of offspring, increased the deformity rate and induced embryos to hatch in advance. The growth inhibition of offspring was related to the gene transcription of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis. Moreover, PSNP caused oxidative stress in offspring, damaged immune system, reduced antioxidant capacity and induced apoptosis. MT supplementation could effectively alleviate the developmental toxicity and oxidative damage of offspring, but the negative effects brought by PSNP could not be completely eliminated. Our research provided a new reference for the protective effect of MT on transgenerational toxicity induced by PSNP.

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Low voltage electrostatic field (LVEF), a novel non-thermal processing technology, shows promise for food preservation. However, the absence of clear definition and quantification of the core concept "low voltage" obstructs the effective application of LVEF. This study assessed the efficiency of various LVEF intensities (100, 200, 300 V) on cherry tomato preservation, revealing significant differences in preservation efficiency. Compared to the control, samples treated with different intensities showed varied reductions in weight loss (6.26-25.45 %), firmness changes (5.17-28.91 %), and decay incidence (47.91-70.89 %). Quantitative analysis elucidated that the differential preservation efficiency may arise from a dose-response relationship between electric field strength and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content， identifying an optimal H2O2 content range of 21.18-27.01 mmol kg-1 for the effective preservation of cherry tomatoes under LVEF. These findings highlight the importance of precise LVEF intensity control for effective food preservation and offer insights for developing optimal LVEF treatment intensities for diverse produce.

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Hydrogels, composed of three-dimensional polymer networks, are excellent delivery carriers and have been extensively employed in the biomedical field. Inflammation acts as a protective mechanism to prevent harmful substances from entering living organisms, but chronic, long-lasting inflammation can cause oxidative stress, which damages tissue and organs and adversely affects patients' quality of life. The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to play a significant part in the etiology and progression of inflammatory diseases, as suggested by growing evidence. Numerous hydrogels that can act as gene carriers for the intracellular delivery of miRNA have been described during ongoing research into innovative hydrogel materials. MiRNA hydrogel delivery systems, which are loaded with exogenous miRNA inhibitors or mimics, enable targeted miRNA intervention in inflammatory diseases and effectively prevent environmental stressors from degrading or inactivating miRNA. In this review, we summarize the classification of miRNA hydrogel delivery systems, the basic strategies and mechanisms for loading miRNAs into hydrogels, highlight the biomedical applications of miRNA hydrogel delivery systems in inflammatory diseases, and share our viewpoints on potential opportunities and challenges in the promising region of miRNA delivery systems. These findings may provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related diseases and lay the foundation for clinical translation.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) SNORA63 in bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia (AL) and its significance in the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of AL patients. METHODS: Bone marrow samples of 53 newly diagnosed AL patients and 29 healthy subjects in the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from March 2018 to December 2021 were collected. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of SNORA63 in bone marrow mononuclear cells of the two groups. The median expression level of SNORA63 in AL patients was used as the boundary value to divide the patients into SNORA63 high and low expression groups, and the relationship between the expression level of SNORA63 and the clinical characteristics, clinical indicators and prognosis of AL patients was analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: The relative expression level of SNORA63 in AL patients was significantly lower than that in healthy control group [0.3018 (0.0244-1.2792) vs 1.0882 (0.2797-1.9889)] (P < 0.01). The expression level of SNORA63 in AL patients without remission after initial treatment was significantly lower than that in healthy controls and the patients who received complete remission (CR) (P < 0.01), while there was no statistical difference in the expression level of SNORA63 between AML and ALL groups (P >0.05). The abnormal low expression of SNORA63 was closely related to fever, hemorrage, poor prognosis, efficacy, platelets (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (ALB), and molecular biological abnormalities of AL patients (P < 0.05), but not significantly correlated with sex, age, AL subtype, pallor, fatigue, extramedullary infiltration, white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), fibrinogen (FIB) or chromosome karyotype (P >0.05). Meanwhile, overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of AL patients in SNORA63 high-expression group were significantly higher than those in SNORA63 low-expression group (P < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that SNORA63, molecular biological abnormalities, fever, PLT and LDH were the factors influencing OS and EFS in AL patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that fever, molecular biological abnormalities and LDH were independent factors associated with OS and EFS in AL patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SNORA63 is significantly down-expressed in AL patients, which is a molecular marker of great clinical value for disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation in AL patients.

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OBJECTIVE: To explore and analyze the clinical features and prognostic factors of secondary intestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (SI-DLBCL), in order to provide reference for the basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of secondary lymphoma of rare sites in the field of hematology. METHODS: The clinical data of 138 patients with SI-DLBCL admitted to Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from June 2011 to June 2022 were collected and sorted, the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Cox regression risk model was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analysis on the prognostic risk factors. RESULTS: Among the 138 patients with SI-DLBCL included in this study, 85 (61.59%) were male, 53 (38.41%) were female, the median age of onset was 59.5 (16-84) years, the clinical manifestations lacked specificity, the first-line treatment regimen was mainly chemotherapy (67.39%), 94 cases (68.12%) received chemotherapy alone, 40 cases (28.98%) were treated with chemotherapy combined with surgery, and 4 cases (2.90%) were treated with surgery alone. The median follow-up time was 72 (1-148) months. Among the 138 patients with SI-DLBCL, 79 (57.25%) survived, 34 (24.64%) died, 25 cases (18.12%) lost to follow-up, the PFS rates of 1-year, 3-year and 5-year were 57.97%, 49.28% and 32.61%, and the OS rates of 1-year, 3-year and 5-year were 60.14%, 54.35% and 34.06%, respectively. The results of univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, Lugano stage and IPI score were the influencing factors of OS in SI-DLBCL patients, and age, Lugano stage and IPI score were the influencing factors of PFS in SI-DLBCL patients. The results of multivariate Cox analysis showed that Lugano stage was an independent prognostic factor affecting OS and PFS in SI-DLBCL patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with SI-DLBCL are more common in middle-aged and elderly men, and the early clinical manifestations lack specificity, and the first-line treatment regimen is mainly R-CHOP chemotherapy, and Lugano stage is an independent prognostic factor affecting OS and PFS in SI-DLBCL patients.

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Three new species belonging to Basidiomycota from southwestern China are described based on morphological and molecular data. Campanophyllummicrosporum is morphologically characterized by dorsally pseudostipitate, pale orange to brownish orange pileus, excentric to lateral pseudostipe, crowded lamellae, cylindrical-ellipsoid basidiospores 3.0-4.2 × 1.7-2.2 µm, narrowly clavate to clavate basidia 14.5-23.0 × 3.0-4.2 µm, and cylindrical to clavate cheilocystidia 22.0-55.0 × 5.0-10.8 µm. Caloceramultiramosa is morphologically characterized by stipitate, yellowish to orange, dendroid, and dichotomously branched basidiomata, cylindrical to clavate basidia 36.5-52.5 × 3.8-6.1 µm, navicular or reniform, 1-5-septate mature basidiospores 10.4-16.7 × 5.2-7.4 µm. Dacrymycesnaematelioides is morphologically characterized by stipitate and cerebriform, orange to light brown basidiomata, cylindrical to clavate, smooth or roughened basidia 38.5-79.5 × 6.5-10.6 µm, broadly and elliptic-fusiform, 7-septate mature basidiospores 18.5-28.6 × 8.9-13.8 µm. These three new species are supported by the phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses with combined nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) sequences. Full descriptions and photographs of these new species are provided.

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BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy and 40-50% patients may die or need heart transplant in 5 years after diagnosis. Although heart transplantation being the most effective life-saving option of end-stage DCM, scarcity of donors and series of complications prevent many patients from receiving timely treatment. Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is recently described as an alternative strategy for end-stage DCM, with low left ventricular function (LVEF) but preserved right ventricular function, may potentially restore heart function and delay the need for heart transplantation, but current clinical evidence is still insufficient. On the other hand, the medication treatment of DCM in pediatric patients is mostly based on the experience of adults. It remains unclear whether PAB combing medication treatment could benefit infants and young children patients. The aim of this study was to assess the short-term efficacy of PAB combined with medication therapy in infants and young children with end stage DCM, comparing with medication therapy alone. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 18 consecutive pediatric patients aged ranging from 1 month to 44 months old who diagnosed with end-stage DCM (LVEF30%) with preserved right ventricular function between 2019 and 2023 in our hospital. All patients had been treated with conventional medications for two months. Then they were divided in two groups: PAB surgery group (6/18), and non-surgery group (12/18). Regardless of whether surgery was performed, both groups continued to receive medication treatment. Recovery of ventricular function was primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included 180-day mortality and severe heart failure (LVEF≤30%). RESULTS: We found there were no differences in age, weight, height, BMI, renal function, liver function, pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid valve regurgitation, mitral valve regurgitation and genetic abnormalities between those with and without PAB surgery. Comparing with non-surgery group, 5 patients in surgery group regain the normal cardiac ejection fraction (LVEF≥50%) (5/6, 83.3% vs. 4/12, 33.3%, P=0.131). A total of 3 patients had sudden death in non-surgery group, and there was no death in surgery group (P=0.180). 5 patients (5/12, 41.7%) still remain the low heart failure (LVEF≤40%) after 6 months of enrollment only given medical therapy, and none of patients present with LVEF≤40% in PAB surgery group (0/6, 0% vs. 8/12, 67.7%, P=0.034). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary artery banding is safe and effective in infants and young children with end-stage DCM with preserved right ventricular function. Combined with conventional heart failure medication therapy, it may provide short-term benefits post-operatively, decrease the cardiogenic shock, and act as a bridge to recovery and potentially reduce the need for heart transplantation. Long-term effects remain further observation, and larger randomized controlled trials would be more persuasive in validating its efficacy.

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Circularly polarized (CP) lasers hold tremendous potential for advancing spin information communication and display technologies. Organic materials are emerging candidates for high-performance CP lasers because of their abundant chiral structures and excellent gain characteristics. However, their dissymmetry factor (glum) in CP emission is typically low due to the weak chiral light matter interactions. Here, we presented an effective approach to significantly amplifying glum by leveraging the intrinsic 2D-chiroptical response of an anisotropic organic supramolecular crystal. The organic complex microcrystal was designed to exhibit large 2D-chiroptical activities through strong coupling interactions between their remarkable linear birefringence (LB) and high degree of fluorescence linear polarization. Such 2D-chiroptical response can be further enhanced by the stimulated emission resulted from an increased degree of linear polarization, yielding a nearly pure CP laser with an exceptionally high glum of up to 1.78. Moreover, exploiting the extreme susceptibility of LB to temperature, we demonstrate a prototype of temperature-controlled chiroptical switches. These findings offer valuable insights for harnessing organic crystals to facilitate the development of high-performance CP lasers and other chiroptical devices.

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The toxic effects of nanoparticles have been increasingly investigated, but there has been limited research on amphibians, especially those of conservation value. This study examined the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.04, 0.2, 1, 5 mg/L) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 80 nm) on the short-term exposure (7 d) of Andrias davidianus. Results demonstrated the concentration-dependent enrichment of PS-NPs in the intestine. Histological lesions displayed increased hepatic macrophages with cellular rupture, broken intestinal villi, decreased cuprocytes and crypt depression. Antioxidant- and inflammation-related enzyme activities were analysed, and it was found that hepatic and intestinal MDA content and CAT activity were highest in the N-1 group and SOD activity was highest in the N-0.2 group (p < 0.05). AKP activity continued to decline, and iNOS activity was highest in the N-0.2 group (p < 0.05). il-10, tgf-ß, bcl-w and txnl1 were significantly downregulated in the N-0.2 group, while il-6 and il-8 were markedly upregulated in the N-0.2 group (p < 0.05). Exposing to PS-NPs decreased probiotic bacteria (Cetobacterium, Akkermansia) and increased pathogenic bacteria (Lachnoclostridium). Our results suggest that NPs exposure can have deleterious effects on salamanders, which predicts that NPs contamination may lead to continued amphibian declines. Therefore, we strongly recommend that attention be paid to amphibians, especially endangered species, in the field of NPs.

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Real-time and accurate biomarker detection is highly desired in point-of-care diagnosis, food freshness monitoring, and hazardous leakage warning. However, achieving such an objective with existing technologies is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a wireless inductor-capacitor (LC) chemical sensor based on platinum-doped partially deprotonated-polypyrrole (Pt-PPy+ and PPy0) for real-time and accurate ammonia (NH3) detection. With the chemically wide-range tunability of PPy in conductivity to modulate the impedance, the LC sensor exhibits an up-to-180% improvement in return loss (S11). The Pt-PPy+ and PPy0 shows the p-type semiconductor nature with greatly-manifested adsorption-charge transfer dynamics toward NH3, leading to an unprecedented NH3 sensing range. The S11 and frequency of the Pt-PPy+ and PPy0-based sensor exhibit discriminative response behaviors to humidity and NH3, enabling the without-external-calibration compensation and accurate NH3 detection. A portable system combining the proposed wireless chemical sensor and a handheld instrument is validated, which aids in rationalizing strategies for individuals toward various scenarios.

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To compare the efficacy and safety of bedside ultrasound-guided and fluoroscopy-guided transvenous cardiac temporary pacing in the treatment of bradyarrhythmia in children. Children treated by temporary intravenous cardiac pacing from January 2016 to June 2023 in Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital were enrolled, and the characteristics and data of the cases were summarized. Patients were divided into bedside ultrasound-guided group (ultrasound group) and fluoroscopy-guided group (fluoroscopy group) according to the implantation guidance methods. The efficacy, safety, and incidence of complications in children were compared, and follow-up analysis was carried out. A total of 30 children were enrolled, including 18 males and 12 females, with a median age of 5.5 (2.9, 10.0) years and a median weight of 18.7 (12.7, 32.7) kg. The most common primary diseases were fulminant myocarditis (13/30 cases) and congenital high-grade AVB (10/30 cases). Among them, the proportion of congenital high AVB in the fluoroscopy group was significantly higher than that in the ultrasound group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.007). The implantation process was successful in all 30 children. From the time of pacing decision to implantation, the median time of ultrasound group was 56 (30, 60) min and that of fluoroscopy group was 154 (78,180) min, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). A total of 5 cases developed complications. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with traditional fluoroscopic temporary pacing, bedside ultrasound-guided temporary pacing technology can effectively shorten the operation time and reduce the occurrence of complications and has become a better choice for children's emergency and critical care treatment. The right internal jugular vein is preferred for intravenous implantation.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second deadliest cancer worldwide representing a major public health problem. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNA) can control the expression of targeted human messenger RNA (mRNA) by reducing their abundance or translation, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in various cancers, including CRC. Due to the significant up-regulation of oncogenic miRNAs in CRC, elucidating the underlying mechanism and identifying dysregulated miRNA targets may provide a basis for improving current therapeutic interventions. In this paper, we proposed Gra-CRC-miRTar, a pre-trained nucleotide-to-graph neural network framework, for identifying potential miRNA targets in CRC. Different from previous studies, we constructed two pre-trained models to encode RNA sequences and transformed them into de Bruijn graphs. We employed different graph neural networks to learn the latent representations. The embeddings generated from de Bruijn graphs were then fed into a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to perform the prediction tasks. Our extensive experiments show that Gra-CRC-miRTar achieves better performance than other deep learning algorithms and existing predictors. In addition, our analyses also successfully revealed 172 out of 201 functional interactions through experimentally validated miRNA-mRNA pairs in CRC. Collectively, our effort provides an accurate and efficient framework to identify potential miRNA targets in CRC, which can also be used to reveal miRNA target interactions in other malignancies, facilitating the development of novel therapeutics. The Gra-CRC-miRTar web server can be found at: http://gra-crc-mirtar.com/.

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Significant challenges are posed by the limitations of gas sensing mechanisms for trace-level detection of ammonia (NH3). In this study, we propose to exploit single-atom catalytic activation and targeted adsorption properties to achieve highly sensitive and selective NH3 gas detection. Specifically, Ni single-atom active sites based on N, C coordination (Ni-N-C) were interfacially confined on the surface of two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets (Ni-N-C/Ti3C2Tx), and a fully flexible gas sensor (MNPE-Ni-N-C/Ti3C2Tx) was integrated. The sensor demonstrates a remarkable response value to 5 ppm NH3 (27.3%), excellent selectivity for NH3, and a low theoretical detection limit of 12.1 ppb. Simulation analysis by density functional calculation reveals that the Ni single-atom center with N, C coordination exhibits specific targeted adsorption properties for NH3. Additionally, its catalytic activation effect effectively reduces the Gibbs free energy of the sensing elemental reaction, while its electronic structure promotes the spill-over effect of reactive oxygen species at the gas-solid interface. The sensor has a dual-channel sensing mechanism of both chemical and electronic sensitization, which facilitates efficient electron transfer to the 2D MXene conductive network, resulting in the formation of the NH3 gas molecule sensing signal. Furthermore, the passivation of MXene edge defects by a conjugated hydrogen bond network enhances the long-term stability of MXene-based electrodes under high humidity conditions. This work achieves highly sensitive room-temperature NH3 gas detection based on the catalytic mechanism of Ni single-atom active center with N, C coordination, which provides a novel gas sensing mechanism for room-temperature trace gas detection research.

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Cite this article as: Zong Z, Xu J, Zhang H, Xu H, Tang X, Shi L. A small "tent" in the esophagus. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2024;35(7): 587-588.

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MOTIVATION: Transcription factors are pivotal in the regulation of gene expression, and accurate identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) at high resolution is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying gene regulation. The task of identifying TFBSs from DNA sequences is a significant challenge in the field of computational biology today. To address this challenge, a variety of computational approaches have been developed. However, these methods face limitations in their ability to achieve high-resolution identification and often lack interpretability. RESULTS: We propose BertSNR, an interpretable deep learning framework for identifying TFBSs at single-nucleotide resolution. BertSNR integrates sequence-level and token-level information by multi-task learning based on pre-trained DNA language models. Benchmarking comparisons show that our BertSNR outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods in TFBS predictions. Importantly, we enhanced the interpretability of the model through attentional weight visualization and motif analysis, and discovered the subtle relationship between attention weight and motif. Moreover, BertSNR effectively identifies TFBSs in promoter regions, facilitating the study of intricate gene regulation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The BertSNR source code can be found at https://github.com/lhy0322/BertSNR.

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SCOPE: The overall changes of colon under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain to be further elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study establishes a mouse model of NAFLD through a long-term Gubra Amylin-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet (GAN diet). The results show that GAN diet significantly induces weight gain, liver steatosis, colonic oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in blood, liver, and adipose tissue in mice. GAN feeding reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota, alters the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, and leads to an increase in microbial metabolites such as long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and secondary bile acids (BAs), as well as a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The RNA-seq and immunofluorescence results reveal that the GAN diet alters the expression of proteins and their coding genes involved in oxidative stress, immune response, and barrier function in colon tissue, such as lipocalin-2 (Lcn2, p < 0.05), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1/Hmox1, p < 0.05), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and claudin-3/7. In addition, correlation analysis indicates a strong correlation between the changes in gut microbiota and lipid biomarkers. Additionally, the expression of immune related genes in colon tissue is related to the LCFAs produced by microbial metabolism. CONCLUSION: GAN-induced NAFLD is related to microbiota and its metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, immune disorders, and impaired barrier function in colon.

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