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Background: A high body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of hypertension. However, little is known about the dose-dependent association between BMI and hypertension. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of hypertension in 7568 subjects from the Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, and analyzed the dose-response relationship between BMI and hypertension risk. Methods: The eligible subjects completed a structured questionnaire and clinical biochemical indicators were measured according to standardized protocols. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between BMI and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between BMI and hypertension risk. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of our findings. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3 % in the total population. BMI was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The fully-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) for hypertension was 1.17 (1.15, 1.19) for every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI. Furthermore, the OR (95 % CI) for hypertension in the highest BMI group (Obesity) was 4.14 (3.45, 4.96) after adjusting for covariates compared with the normal group. Multivariable adjusted RCS analysis showed a positive and linear dose-response relationship between BMI and hypertension risk both in male and female populations (all P for non-linearity > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a positive and linear dose-response relationship between BMI and the risk of hypertension. The results of this study provide evidence for BMI-related clinical interventions to reduce the risk of hypertension.

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The inhibition of Nav1.7 is a promising strategy for the development of analgesic treatments. Spider venom-derived peptide toxins are recognized as significant sources of Nav1.7 inhibitors. However, their development has been impeded by limited selectivity. In this study, eight peptide toxins from three distinct spider venom Nav channel families demonstrated robust inhibition of hNav1.7, rKv4.2, and rKv4.3 (rKv4.2/4.3) currents, exhibiting a similar mode of action. The analysis of structure and function relationship revealed a significant overlap in the pharmacophore responsible for inhibiting hNav1.7 and rKv4.2 by HNTX-III, although Lys25 seems to play a more pivotal role in the inhibition of rKv4.2/4.3. Pharmacophore-guided rational design is employed for the development of an mGpTx1 analogue, mGpTx1-SA, which retains its inhibition of hNav1.7 while significantly reducing its inhibition of rKv4.2/4.3 and eliminating cardiotoxicity. Moreover, mGpTx1-SA demonstrates potent analgesic effects in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, accompanied by an improved in vivo safety profile. The results suggest that off-target inhibition of rKv4.2/4.3 by specific spider peptide toxins targeting hNav1.7 may arise from a conserved binding motif. This insight promises to facilitate the design of hNav1.7-specific analgesics, aimed at minimizing rKv4.2/4.3 inhibition and associated toxicity, thereby enhancing their suitability for therapeutic applications.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen predominantly involved in skin and soft tissue infections, exhibiting a distinct innate sex bias. This study explores the influence of testosterone on the virulence of S. aureus and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. Utilizing a skin abscess model in intact and castrated male mice, we assessed the effects of testosterone on S. aureus pathogenicity. Compared to controls, castrated mice showed significantly reduced abscess sizes and decreased bacterial loads, highlighting the role of testosterone in modulating the severity of S. aureus infections. In vitro experiments revealed that testosterone enhances the hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress resistance of S. aureus. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed a significant upregulation of the genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and phenol-soluble modulin (psmα). Importantly, testosterone treatment significantly enhanced the expression of the accessory gene regulator (Agr) quorum-sensing system components (agrC, agrA, agrB, agrD), while the SaeRS system (saeR, saeS, and sbi) exhibited only slight changes. Gene knockout experiments revealed that deletion of agrC, rather than saeRS and agrBD, abolishes the testosterone-induced enhancement of hemolysis and gene expression, underscoring the key role of AgrC. Molecular docking simulations indicated a direct interaction between testosterone and AgrC protein, with a strong binding affinity at the active site residue SER201. This study provides new insights into the mechanistic basis of how testosterone enhances the pathogenicity of S. aureus, potentially contributing to increased male susceptibility to S. aureus infections and offering a targeted approach for therapeutic interventions.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas Bacterianas , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus , Testosterona , Masculino , Testosterona/farmacología , Testosterona/metabolismo , Animales , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Virulencia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Transactivadores/genética , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Percepción de Quorum , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Absceso/microbiología , Hemólisis , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética

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Utilizing messages from teammates can improve coordination in cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). Previous works typically combine raw messages of teammates with local information as inputs for policy. However, neglecting message aggregation poses significant inefficiency for policy learning. Motivated by recent advances in representation learning, we argue that efficient message aggregation is essential for good coordination in cooperative MARL. In this article, we propose Multiagent communication via Self-supervised Information Aggregation (MASIA), where agents can aggregate the received messages into compact representations with high relevance to augment the local policy. Specifically, we design a permutation-invariant message encoder to generate common information-aggregated representation from messages and optimize it via reconstructing and shooting future information in a self-supervised manner. Hence, each agent would utilize the most relevant parts of the aggregated representation for decision-making by a novel message extraction mechanism. Furthermore, considering the potential of offline learning for real-world applications, we build offline benchmarks for multiagent communication, which is the first as we know. Empirical results demonstrate the superiority of our method in both online and offline settings. We also release the built offline benchmarks in this article as a testbed for communication ability validation to facilitate further future research in this direction.

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BACKGROUND: Paraspinal muscle degeneration occurs with age; however, it is unknown whether strength and endurance change with muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration (FI) parameters in Chinese healthy individuals. METHODS: A total of 94 asymptomatic Chinese volunteers were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into three groups: young (20-39 years old, n = 27), middle-aged (40-59 years old, n = 49), and elderly (≥ 60 years old, n = 18). CSA and FI of the psoas (PS), quadratus lumborum (QL), multifidus (MF), and erector spinae (ES) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The Bionix Sim3 Pro was used to evaluate the maximum isometric torque and the Ito test to evaluate endurance. RESULTS: The CSA of the PS and ES in the elderly group was smaller than those in the other groups, while the CSA of QL in the young group was larger than that in the other groups. There were differences in the MF and ES FI among the three groups. The maximum isometric torque and endurance test time decreased with increasing age; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Maximum isometric torque positively correlated with the average paraspinal muscle CSA and negatively correlated with the torque and FI of the MF and ES muscles. The endurance test was found to be positively correlated with the FCSA of the MF and to be negatively correlated with the FI of the MF and ES. PS and QL can predict the maximum isometric torque, and MF and PS can predict the endurance time. CONCLUSION: MF and ES showed earlier degeneration than PS and QL. MF is the first paraspinal muscle to undergo functional area atrophy, and it plays an important role in the endurance test. The maximum moment of equal length in all directions of the lumbar spine is not completely symmetrical, but it is correlated with the imaging parameters of the paraspinal muscles. QL and PS were more activated in the lumbar activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and the registration number is ChiCTR2000039073 on 15/10/2020 ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=62785 ). Ethical Approval was obtained from the Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (IRB00006761-M2020305).

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Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Músculos Paraespinales , Humanos , Músculos Paraespinales/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculos Paraespinales/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Voluntarios Sanos , Factores de Edad , Pueblo Asiatico , China , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/patología , Contracción Isométrica/fisiología , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Torque

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Background: Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease among China's older population, which comprises a growing proportion of the overall demographic. Older individuals with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than their healthy counterparts, as evidenced in China's older population, where patients with hypertension exhibit varying rates of depression depending on residing in urban or rural areas. Objective: This study aimed to investigate factors influencing and contributing to the disparities in depressive symptoms among older urban and rural patients with hypertension in China. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design and derived data from the 8th Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey of 2018. The Fairlie model was applied to analyze the factors contributing to disparities in depressive symptoms between urban and rural older populations with hypertension. Results: The sample size for this study was 5210, and 12.8% (n=669) of participants exhibited depressive symptoms. The proportions of depressive symptoms in rural and urban areas were 14.1% (n=468) and 10.7% (n=201), respectively. In rural areas, years of education (1-6 years: odds ratio [OR] 0.68, 95% CI 1.10-1.21; ≥7 years: OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.94), alcohol consumption (yes: OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.93), exercise (yes: OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.08), and sleep duration (6.0-7.9 hours: OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.52; 8.0-9.9 hours: OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.43; ≥10.0 hours: OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.11-0.41) were protective factors against depressive symptoms in older adults with hypertension, while gender (female: OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.33-2.81), self-reported income status (poor: OR 3.07, 95% CI 2.16-4.37), and activities of daily living (ADL) dysfunction (mild: OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.11-2.58; severe: OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.46-6.32) were risk factors. In urban areas, age (90-99 years: OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.81; ≥100 years: OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.66), exercise (yes: OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.51), and sleep duration (6.0-7.9 hours: OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.71; 8.0-9.9 hours: OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.44; ≥10.0 hours: OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06-0.57) were protective factors, while years of education (1-6 years: OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05-3.49), self-reported income status (poor: OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.43-6.08), and ADL dysfunction (mild: OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.39-4.06; severe: OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.21-8.76) were risk factors. The Fairlie model revealed that 91.61% of differences in depressive symptoms could be explained by covariates, including years of education (contribution 63.1%), self-reported income status (contribution 13.2%), exercise (contribution 45.7%), sleep duration (contribution 20.8%), ADL dysfunction (contribution -9.6%), and comorbidities (contribution -22.9%). Conclusions: Older patients with hypertension in rural areas had more depressive symptoms than their counterparts residing in urban areas, which could be explained by years of education, self-reported income status, exercise, sleep duration, ADL dysfunction, and comorbidities. Factors influencing depressive symptoms had similarities regarding exercise, sleep duration, self-reported income status, and ADL dysfunction as well as differences regarding age, gender, years of education, and alcohol consumption.

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Depresión , Hipertensión , Población Rural , Población Urbana , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/psicología , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores de Riesgo

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Introduction: Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, known for their high invasiveness and destructiveness. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7 (SIGLEC7) is present in various immune cells, especially macrophages, and significantly affects immune homeostasis and cancer cell response. However, research on the role and prognostic impact of SIGLEC7 in glioma patients is currently limited. Methods: We utilized transcriptomic data from 702 glioma patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 693 glioma patients in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), along with clinical samples we collected, to comprehensively investigate the impact of SIGLEC7 on glioma expression patterns, biological functions, and prognostic value. We focused on its role in glioma-related immune responses and immune cell infiltration and analyzed its expression at the single-cell level. Finally, we validated the role of SIGLEC7 in gliomas through tissue and cell experiments. Results: SIGLEC7 expression was significantly increased in glioma patients with malignant characteristics. Survival analysis indicated that glioma patients with high SIGLEC7 expression had significantly lower survival rates. Gene function analysis revealed that SIGLEC7 is primarily involved in immune and inflammatory responses and is strongly negatively correlated with tumor-associated immune regulation. Additionally, the expression of most immune checkpoints was positively correlated with SIGLEC7, and immune cell infiltration analysis clearly demonstrated a significant positive correlation between SIGLEC7 expression and M2 macrophage infiltration levels. Single-cell analysis, along with tissue and cell experiments, confirmed that SIGLEC7 enhances macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype, thereby promoting glioma invasiveness through the immunosuppressive effects of M2 macrophages. Cox regression analysis and the establishment of survival prediction models indicated that high SIGLEC7 expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor for glioma patients. Discussion: High SIGLEC7 expression predicts poor prognosis in glioma patients and is closely associated with M2 macrophages in the tumor environment. In the future, SIGLEC7 may become a promising target for glioma immunotherapy.

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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Macrófagos , Humanos , Glioma/inmunología , Glioma/genética , Glioma/mortalidad , Glioma/patología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/inmunología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Lectinas/genética , Lectinas/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Activación de Macrófagos/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos B/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women globally. Over-activated estrogen receptor (ER) α signaling is considered the main factor in luminal breast cancers, which can be effectively managed with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen. However, approximately 30-40% of ER + breast cancer cases are recurrent after tamoxifen therapy. This implies that the treatment of breast cancer is still hindered by resistance to tamoxifen. Recent studies have suggested that post-translational modifications of ERα play a significant role in endocrine resistance. The stability of both ERα protein and its transcriptome is regulated by a balance between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. According to the current knowledge, approximately 100 deubiquitinases are encoded in the human genome, but it remains unclear which deubiquitinases play a critical role in estrogen signaling and endocrine resistance. Thus, decoding the key deubiquitinases that significantly impact estrogen signaling, including the control of ERα expression and stability, is critical for the improvement of breast cancer therapeutics. METHODS: We used several ER positive breast cancer cell lines, DUB siRNA library screening, xenograft models, endocrine-resistant (ERα-Y537S) model and performed immunoblotting, real time PCR, RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and luciferase activity assay to investigate the function of USP36 in breast cancer progression and tamoxifen resistance. RESULTS: In this study, we identify Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 36 (USP36) as a key deubiquitinase involved in ERα signaling and the advancement of breast cancer by deubiquitinases siRNA library screening. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that USP36, but not its catalytically inactive mutant (C131A), could promote breast cancer progression through ERα signaling. Conversely, silencing USP36 inhibited tumorigenesis. In models resistant to endocrine therapy, silencing USP36 destabilized the resistant form of ERα (Y537S) and restored sensitivity to tamoxifen. Molecular studies indicated that USP36 inhibited K48-linked polyubiquitination of ERα and enhanced the ERα transcriptome. It is interesting to note that our results suggest USP36 as a novel biomarker for treatment of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the possibility that inhibiting USP36 combined with tamoxifen could provide a potential therapy for breast cancer.

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Neoplasias de la Mama , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno , Tamoxifeno , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinogénesis/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Tamoxifeno/farmacología , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéutico , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/genética , Ubiquitinación , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto

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Astroblastoma is an extremely rare central nervous system tumor characterized by astroblastic pseudorosettes and vascular hyalinization. Despite these histologic hallmarks, its morphology can vary, occasionally resembling other central nervous system tumors such as ependymoma. A novel tumor entity, astroblastoma, meningioma 1 (MN1)-altered, has been identified, featuring MN1 gene rearrangements typically involving BEN-domain containing 2 (BEND2) as a fusion partner. Most astroblastomas arise in the cerebral hemisphere. Here, we report 4 cases of spinal cord astroblastoma in female patients, all showing Ewing sarcoma RNA-binding protein 1 fusion with BEND2, rather than MN1. These tumors displayed growth patterns akin to traditional intracranial astroblastomas, with three cases demonstrating high-grade histology, including elevated mitotic activity and necrosis. Interestingly, some cases exhibited positive staining for pan-cytokeratin and hormone receptors. DNA methylation profiling clustered three of the four cases with the reference "AB_EWSR," whereas one case exhibited an independent methylation signature near the reference methylation group "AB_EWSR" and "pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma." Together with the existing literature, we summarized a total of eleven cases, which predominantly affected children and young adults with female predilection. Eight of 10 patients experienced recurrence, underscoring the aggressive nature of this disease. We suggest recognizing a new molecular subgroup of spinal astroblastoma and recommend testing newly diagnosed infratentorial astroblastomas for Ewing sarcoma RNA-binding protein 1-BEND2 fusion.

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Central nervous system Infections (CNSIs) is a disease characterized by complex pathogens, rapid disease progression, high mortality rate and high disability rate. Here, we evaluated the clinical value of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections and explored the factors affecting the results of mNGS. We conducted a retrospective study to compare mNGS with conventional methods including culture, smear and etc. 111 suspected CNS infectious patients were enrolled in this study, and clinical data were recorded. Chi-square test were used to evaluate independent binomial variables, taking p < 0.05 as statistically significant threshold. Of the 111 enrolled cases, 57.7% (64/111) were diagnosed with central nervous system infections. From these cases, mNGS identified 39.6% (44/111) true-positive cases, 7.2% (8/111) false-positive case, 35.1% (39/111) true-negative cases, and 18.0% (20/111) false-negative cases. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS were 68.7% (44/64) and 82.9% (39/47), respectively. Compared with culture, mNGS provided a higher pathogen detection rate in CNSIs patients (68.7% (44/64) vs. 26.5% (17/64), p < 0.0001). Compared to conventional methods, positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement was 84.60% (44/52) and 66.1% (39/59) separately. At a species-specific read number (SSRN) ≥ 2, mNGS performance in the diagnosis of definite viral encephalitis and/or meningitis was optimal (area under the curve [AUC] 0.758, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.663-0.854). In bacterial CNSIs patients with significant CSF abnormalities (CSF WBC > 300*106/L), the positive rate of CSF mNGS is higher. To sum up, conventional microbiologic testing is insufficient to detect all neuroinvasive pathogens, and mNGS exhibited satisfactory diagnostic performance in CNSIs and with an overall detection rate higher than culture (p < 0.0001).

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Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Metagenómica , Humanos , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central/virología , Masculino , Femenino , Metagenómica/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Niño , Preescolar , Metagenoma

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BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is a risk factor for self-harm/suicidal behavior, but research on the potential association linking sleep quality and anxiety symptoms to childhood trauma and self-harm attempt is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the mediating role of sleep quality and anxiety symptoms between childhood trauma and self-harm attempt, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of self-harm behaviors. METHODS: This study ultimately included 11,063 study participants who participated in the baseline survey of this large prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the chain mediating role of sleep quality and anxiety symptoms in childhood trauma and self-harm attempt while controlling for covariates. RESULTS: A total of 19.58 % of study participants self-reported self-harm attempt. Sleep quality was negatively correlated with childhood trauma, anxiety symptoms, and self-harm attempt (p < 0.01). Childhood trauma, anxiety symptoms, and self-harm attempt were positively correlated (p < 0.01). In addition, after adjusting for confounders, anxiety symptoms were able to partially mediate the association between childhood trauma and self-harm attempt (effect value: 0.042, p < 0.01), and sleep quality and anxiety symptoms can chain mediate the association between childhood trauma and self-harm attempt (effect value:0.002, p < 0.01), with a total mediating effect of 65.67 % of the total effect. Subgroup analyses further showed that the mediating effects of sleep quality and anxiety symptoms on childhood trauma and self-harm attempt differed across age, gender, ethnicity, and smoking and drinking subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a complex relationship between childhood trauma, sleep quality, anxiety symptoms, and self-harm attempt, with sleep quality and anxiety symptoms mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and self-harm attempt. Multiple avenues of intervention, such as the provision of professional psychological interventions and timely monitoring, should be used to improve the sleep quality and mental health of individuals with traumatic childhood experiences and to prevent the occurrence of emotionally harmful behaviors such as self-harm/suicide.

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Ansiedad , Conducta Autodestructiva , Calidad del Sueño , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Autoinforme , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Biobanco del Reino Unido , Reino Unido/epidemiología

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Team sports athletes may encounter significant stress, leading to competitive anxiety. The anxiety levels can be influenced by team behaviors and achievement goals. This study aims to investigate the relationship between team behaviors (i.e., perceptions of controlling coaching behavior and team cohesion) and competitive anxiety, and to examine the mediation effects of achievement goals (i.e., task-oriented and ego-oriented) on the relationship. A total of 298 team-handball players were involved in the study, ages ranging from 16 to 24 years old (M = 18.44, SD = 3.09). A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze path coefficients and mediating effects. Findings indicated that perceptions of controlling coaching behaviors had significant positive predictions for state and somatic anxiety (ß = 0.22, 0.29) and negative predictions for self-confidence (ß = -0.19). Team cohesion had significant negative predictions for state anxiety (ß = -0.31) and positive predictions for self-confidence (ß = 0.58). In addition, ego-oriented goals play a positive mediating role in the relationship between team behaviors and competitive anxiety (ß = 0.03-0.35), while task-oriented goals play a negative mediating role in the relationship between team behaviors and competitive anxiety (ß = -0.18 - -0.03). In conclusion, team behaviors have a significant relationship with competitive anxiety, with achievement goals playing a mediating role among them. Therefore, to alleviate team sports athletes' competitive anxiety, it is recommended to reduce coach control behaviors, enhance team cohesion, and employ psychological training methods (e.g., mindfulness or meditation) to strengthen athletes' task-oriented goals.

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Background: Pathomics has emerged as a promising biomarker that could facilitate personalized immunotherapy in lung cancer. It is essential to elucidate the global research trends and emerging prospects in this domain. Methods: The annual distribution, journals, authors, countries, institutions, and keywords of articles published between 2018 and 2023 were visualized and analyzed using CiteSpace and other bibliometric tools. Results: A total of 109 relevant articles or reviews were included, demonstrating an overall upward trend; The terms "deep learning", "tumor microenvironment", "biomarkers", "image analysis", "immunotherapy", and "survival prediction", etc. are hot keywords in this field. Conclusion: In future research endeavors, advanced methodologies involving artificial intelligence and pathomics will be deployed for the digital analysis of tumor tissues and the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer patients, leveraging histopathological tissue sections. Through the integration of comprehensive multi-omics data, this strategy aims to enhance the depth of assessment, characterization, and understanding of the tumor microenvironment, thereby elucidating a broader spectrum of tumor features. Consequently, the development of a multimodal fusion model will ensue, enabling precise evaluation of personalized immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis for lung cancer patients, potentially establishing a pivotal frontier in this domain of investigation.

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Conventional near-field acoustic holography based on compressive sensing either does not fully exploit the underlying block-sparse structures of the signal or suffers from a mismatch between the actual and predefined block structure due to the lack of prior information about block partitions, resulting in poor accuracy in sound field reconstruction. In this paper, a pattern-coupled Bayesian compressive sensing method is proposed for sparse reconstruction of sound fields. The proposed method establishes a hierarchical Gaussian-Gamma probability model with a pattern-coupled prior based on the equivalent source method, transforming the sound field reconstruction problem into recovering the sparse coefficient vector of the equivalent source strengths within the compressive sensing framework. A set of hyperparameters is introduced to control the sparsity of each element in the sparse coefficient vector of the equivalent source strengths, where the sparsity of each element is determined by both its own hyperparameters and those of its immediate neighbors. This approach enables the promotion of block sparse solutions and achieves better performance in solving for the sparse coefficient vector of the equivalent source strengths without prior information of block partitions. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in reconstructing sound fields are verified by simulations and experiments.

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Background: Concerns have been raised about the increasing prevalence of both spontaneous and induced abortions worldwide, yet their effect on premature mortality remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine the associations between abortion and all-cause and cause-specific premature mortality, and the potential effect modification by maternal characteristics. Methods: Women aged 39 to 71 years at baseline (2006 to 2010) with prior pregnancies were derived from the UK Biobank and categorized as no abortion history, spontaneous abortion alone, induced abortion alone, and both spontaneous and induced abortions. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were ascertained through linkage to death certificate data, with premature death defined as occurring before the age of 70. Results: Of the 225,049 ever gravid women, 43,418 (19.3%) reported spontaneous abortion alone, 27,135 (12.1%) reported induced abortion alone, and 10,448 (4.6%) reported both spontaneous and induced abortions. During a median of 14.4 years of follow-up, 5,353 deaths were recorded, including 3,314 cancer-related and 1,444 cardiovascular deaths. Compared with no abortion history, spontaneous abortion alone was associated with an increased risk of all-cause premature mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 1.17), and induced abortion alone was associated with increased risks of all-cause (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22) and cardiovascular mortality (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.48). The aHRs for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were higher for recurrent abortions, whether spontaneous or induced (P trend < 0.05). The increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with induced abortion was higher in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than in those without (40% vs. 9%, P interaction = 0.045). Conclusions: Either spontaneous or induced abortion alone was associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, with induced abortion alone particularly linked to cardiovascular death. Future studies are encouraged to explore the underlying mechanisms.

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OBJECTIVE: To reinterpret the surgical anatomy of paracolpium in radical hysterectomy and to explore its implications for the surgery. SETTING: The term "paracolpium" first defined by Fothergill in 1907, is essential in radical hysterectomy. However, several challenges remain unresolved. These include: (1) inconsistent terminology in relation to its defined attributes; (2) the lack of consensus on anatomical landmarks; (3) unclear associations with the cardinal and sacral ligaments; and (4) the critical implications and requirements of paracolpium resection in radical hysterectomy practices. PARTICIPANTS: A patient in her 60s diagnosed with stage IB2 cervical cancer was enrolled in a clinical trial and assigned to the laparoscopic surgery group. A step-by-step, narrated video demonstration. INTERVENTIONS: During the procedure, post-excision of the uterosacral, cardinal, and vesicovaginal ligaments, we identified a ligament-like structure situated between the middle third of the vagina and the pelvic wall. We have termed this structure the "paracolpium ligament." A detailed anatomical description was performed, outlining its crucial attachments: • Medial attachment: middle third of the vagina • Lateral attachment: tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia (TAPF) • Cranial attachment: cardinal-uterosacral ligaments confluence • Caudal attachment: pubococcygeus muscle fascia • Dorsal: paravaginal space • Ventral: pararectal space To ensure a safe dissection, the paracolpium ligament was exposed by removing anterior and posterior fat tissue. The extent of surgical resection was adapted based on the tumor's location. Extensive resection of the paracolpium ligament was essential when the tumor was localized to one side of the vagina to ensure complete removal of the disease; otherwise, preservation of the ligament was considered feasible. CONCLUSION: In this video, we meticulously name and define the "paracolpium ligament," providing groundbreaking insights into its anatomical and surgical implications in radical hysterectomy. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of surgical anatomy for cervical cancer.

RESUMEN

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen commonly implicated in medical device-related infections. Its propensity to form biofilms not only leads to chronic infections but also exacerbates the issue of antibiotic resistance, necessitating high-dose antimicrobial treatments. In this study, we explored the use of diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as an anti-biofilm agent against S. epidermidis. In this study, crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscope analysis showed that diclofenac sodium, at subinhibitory concentration (0.4 mM), significantly inhibited biofilm formation in both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates. MTT assays demonstrated that 0.4 mM diclofenac sodium reduced the metabolic activity of biofilms by 25.21-49.01% compared to untreated controls. Additionally, the treatment of diclofenac sodium resulted in a significant decrease (56.01-65.67%) in initial bacterial adhesion, a crucial early phase of biofilm development. Notably, diclofenac sodium decreased the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a key component of the S. epidermidis biofilm matrix, in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that diclofenac sodium treatment downregulated biofilm-associated genes icaA, fnbA, and sigB and upregulated negative regulatory genes icaR and luxS, providing potential mechanistic insights. These findings indicate that diclofenac sodium inhibits S. epidermidis biofilm formation by affecting initial bacterial adhesion and the PIA synthesis. This underscores the potential of diclofenac sodium as a supplementary antimicrobial agent in combating staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Diclofenaco , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/fisiología , Diclofenaco/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

In this study, a colourimetric biosensor based on bacteriophage SapYZUM13 and an aminated Mn3O4 (Mn3O4-NH2) nanozyme was constructed and evaluated for its ability to detect Staphylococcus aureus in food. The biosensor had a detection time of 20 min, with a detection limit of 2 × 101 CFU/mL and recovery rate of 92.42-106.96%, indicating its high reliability and accuracy in detecting the food pathogen. Mechanistically, SapYZUM13@Mn3O4-NH2 exhibited oxidase-mimicking capability, producing O2•- free radicals which oxidise 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to yield blue-coloured oxTMB. In the presence of S. aureus, the oxidase activity decreased remarkably owing to shielding of the nanozyme active sites. Moreover, SapYZUM13@Mn3O4-NH2 could detect viable S. aureus from various sources, likely because of the special receptor-binding proteins of SapYZUM13 adsorbing to the wall teichoic acids on the S. aureus cell surface. Thus, SapYZUM13@Mn3O4-NH2 has broad application prospects for the detection of viable S. aureus in various foods.

Asunto(s)

Técnicas Biosensibles , Colorimetría , Microbiología de Alimentos , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Colorimetría/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Límite de Detección , Óxidos/química

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the current status of apathy in dementia patients and its associated factors. METHODS: We searched Chinese and English databases to collect studies on the associated factors of apathy in patients with dementia from inception to March 14, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the quality, and extracted the data RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included, and the incidence of apathy in patients with dementia ranged from 21 % to 90 %. According to the model of apathy proposed by Massimo in 2018, the associated factors were divided into individual factors for dementia patients, caregiver factors, and environmental factors. The individual factors of apathy in patients with dementia mainly include demographic characteristics, the severity of cognitive impairment, a combination of other behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, acute medical problems or adverse drug reactions, unmet needs, and malnutrition. Caregiver factors mainly include emotional expressions of hostility or criticism towards dementia patients and caregivers' expectations for a better life in the future. Environmental factors mainly include too high or too low stimulation and a lack of daytime activities CONCLUSIONS: Existing studies have shown that the incidence of apathy in dementia patients is high and is affected by multi-dimensional factors. There are more studies on individual factors in dementia patients and fewer studies on caregivers and environmental factors. In the future, a large number of high-quality studies are needed to demonstrate the mechanism of apathy in dementia patients and to find more related factors.

Asunto(s)

Apatía , Cuidadores , Demencia , Humanos , Demencia/psicología , Cuidadores/psicología , Incidencia