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AIM: To investigate whether whole-lesion histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from mono-exponential and bi-exponential diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can differentiate lung cancer from benign pulmonary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with lung cancer and 17 patients with benign pulmonary lesions were included retrospectively. All patients underwent DWI before surgery or biopsy. ADC histogram parameters, including mean, percentile values (10th and 90th), kurtosis, and skewness, were calculated independently by two radiologists. The histogram parameters were compared between patients with lung cancer and benign lesions. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. RESULTS: The ADCMean, ADC10th, DMean, D10th were significantly lower in lung cancer (1.187 ± 0.144 × 10-3; 0.440 ± 0.062 × 10-3; 1.068 ± 0.108 × 10-3; and 0.422 ± 0.049 × 10-3 mm/s) compared to benign lesions (1.418 ± 0.274 × 10-3; 0.555 ± 0.113 × 10-3; 1.216 ± 0.149 × 10-3; and 0.490 ± 0.044 × 10-3 mm/s; p<0.05). The ADCSkewness and DSkewness were significantly different between lung cancer (2.35 ± 0.72; 2.58 ± 1.14) and benign lesions (1.85 ± 0.54; 1.59 ± 1.47; p<0.05). D10th was robust in differentiating lung cancer from benign lesions. Using 0.453 × 10-3 mm/s as the optimal threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of D10th were 78.12%, 82.35%, and 79.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Whole-lesion histogram analysis of ADC values derived by mono-exponential and bi-exponential DWI using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging helps distinguish lung cancer from benign pulmonary lesions.

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OBJECTIVE: Critical lower-limb ischemia (CLLI) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of the combination of cell therapy with apelin-13 and hyperbaric oxygen in CLLI animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental ischemic rats were divided into five groups, including negative control, bone marrow derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs), apelin-13, hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) and apelin-13 with HBOT group. Each group was composed of 10 rats. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from bone marrow were transplanted into the ischemia rat model. After 3 weeks of transplantation, the formation of new vessels was evaluated by examining cluster of differentiation (CD)31, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expressions as well as a direct vision of vessels by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with the negative control group, both angiogenic factors expressions and the number of new vessels increased notably by the transplantation of BM-MNCs in the ischemic models. Apelin-13 or HBOT alone improved the efficacy within limit while the combination of the three elements remarkably promoted the neovascularization in ischemic limbs. CONCLUSIONS: BM-MNC induced angiogenesis in the ischemic limbs and was considered an effective resource for cell therapy. The preliminary data of this study showed that the combination of cell therapy with apelin-13 and HBOT improved the efficacy of angiogenesis.

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Without invoking anomalous dispersion and heavy-atom derivatives, it is demonstrated that it is possible to directly determine the phases of a large number of reflections collected in a short time from macromolecular crystals using a stereoscopic oscillation-crystal imaging technique, in a multibeam diffraction geometry, where two crystallographic axes in opposite directions are employed as the rotation axes. The intensity profiles (distributions) of the diffraction spots versus the varying tilt Bragg angle of the rotation axis in the two stereoscopically related images yield quantitative phase information. Many multiple diffraction profiles of tetragonal lysozyme and an unknown protein structure are obtained at the rate of 100 profiles per 30 min of X-ray exposure.