RESUMEN
The issue of global climate change has garnered increasing attention, with carbon emissions emerging as a significant challenge confronting the world today. As an important means of environmental management, river basin ecological compensation must break through the traditional thinking of "water-centric" and move towards the coordinated development of "pollution reduction". Therefore, the study chooses the watershed scale ecological compensation experiment carried out in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a natural experiment. Based on the prefecture-level city panel data from 2008 to 2021, a double difference model is constructed to examine the impact of the basin horizontal ecological compensation policy on carbon emissions and its mechanism. The study shows that the inter-regional horizontal ecological compensation measures have an obvious inhibitory effect on carbon emissions in the region, and through a series of tests, the conclusion is stable. Mechanism testing shows that policy implementation achieves carbon emission reductions through two channels: improving financial development and promoting scientific and technological innovation. The results of heterogeneity analysis verify that the effect of policy implementation is affected by the dual factors of social economy and innovation and entrepreneurship and that key cities and cities with a high innovation and entrepreneurship environment produce higher carbon emission reduction benefits. The research conclusions provide policy suggestions for promoting watershed ecological compensation policies to achieve carbon emission reduction from three aspects: encouraging small and medium-sized watersheds to implement city-specific policies, promoting innovative technologies and establishing monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and strengthening policy support and financial investment.
RESUMEN
Abnormal amyloid-ß (Aß) aggregates are a striking feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Aß oligomers have been proven to be crucial in the pathology of AD. Any intervention targeting the generation or aggregation of Aß can be expected to be useful in AD treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathological changes in AD that are involved in the generation and aggregation of Aß. In the present study, 6-month-old PS1V97L transgenic (Tg) mice were treated with sulforaphane, an antioxidant, for 4 months, and this treatment significantly inhibited the generation and aggregation of Aß. Sulforaphane also alleviated several downstream pathological changes that including tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Most importantly, the cognition of the sulforaphane-treated PS1V97L Tg mice remained normal compared to that of wild-type mice at 10 months of age, when dementia typically emerges in PS1V97L Tg mice. Pretreating cultured cortical neurons with sulforaphane also protected against neuronal injury caused by Aß oligomers in vitro. These findings suggest that sulforaphane may be a potential compound that can inhibit Aß oligomer production in AD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Isotiocianatos/farmacología , Aprendizaje Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Nootrópicos/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Presenilina-1/genética , Presenilina-1/metabolismo , Cultivo Primario de Células , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Aprendizaje Espacial/fisiología , Memoria Espacial/fisiología , SulfóxidosAsunto(s)
Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ácido Glicirretínico/farmacología , Hígado/citología , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Animales , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ácido Glicirretínico/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Hígado/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Proyectos Piloto , RatasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IM) as an adjunct to propranolol (PR) in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. METHODS: Seventy-six cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding were randomly assigned to treatment with PR + IM (34 patients) or PR alone (32 patients). RESULTS: Seven patients in the PR + IM group and 13 in the PR group had rebleeding during the 1 year after randomization. The actuarial probability of rebleeding 1 years after randomization was lower in the PR + IM group but the difference was not significant (P = 0.09). However, by adding an additional 8 months of follow-up, the decrease in the risk of rebleeding reached statistical significance (P = 0.05). No significant difference was found in rebleeding index and survival. The multivariate Cox analysis indicated both treatment (P = 0.04), severity of liver disease (P = 0.03) and age (P = 0.045) were factors predictive of rebleeding and second, that PR + MI reduced the risk of rebleeding by half (relative risk: 0.54). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the addition of IM improves the efficacy of PR alone in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients. However no beneficial effects were observed on other parameters reflecting the efficacy of treatment.