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Traditional treatment methods have certain limitations. In recent years, the technique of internal fixation with double-plane double-supported screws based on X-ray images has been proposed to improve the therapeutic effect. The main objective of this research was to examine the effectiveness of the X-ray image-based bi-planar double-braced screw internal fixation technique . During surgery, the procedure was determined based on X-ray images, followed by an open reduction procedure at the fracture site, and finally internal fixation using bi-planar double-support screws. All patients were successfully treated with X-ray image-based bi-planar double support screw fixation. After surgery, X-ray images showed a good reduction of the fracture site without significant loosening or failure of the internal fixation. At the postoperative follow-up, the patient's pain symptoms were significantly relieved, and no significant complications occurred during recovery.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of hidden blood loss (HBL) in patients treated with minimally invasive surgery, and to compare the HBL between patients treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) and the mini-open Wiltse approach with pedicle screw fixation (MWPSF). METHODS: From January 2017 to January 2019, a total of 119 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were included in the analysis, of which 58 cases received PPSF and 61 cases received MWPSF. The clinical information and demographic results were collected and compared. And the HBL of the patients is calculated by the combination formulas of Nadler, Gross and Sehat. RESULTS: Compared with the PPSF group, operation time of MWPSF is shorter. The fluoroscopy times are 13.6 ± 3.0 in PPSF group and 5.6 ± 1.6 in MWPSF group (p < 0.001). As shown in Table 3, the intraoperative blood loss in PPSF group is 31.9 ± 9.6 ml, which is significantly less than that in the MWPSF group (44.0 ± 14.9 ml). The HBL (445.7 ± 228.9 ml), and HBL% (91.2 ± 7.7%) of the PPSF group are significantly higher than that in the MWPSF group (P < 0.05). And the total blood loss (TBL) of the PPSF group (477.6 ± 228.8 ml) is also more than that in the MWPSF group (401.0 ± 171.3 ml). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in the minimally invasive surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the perioperative HBL is much higher than visible blood loss (VBL). Although PPSF has less intraoperative blood loss, it has higher TBL and HBL than those of MWPSF. Compared with MWPSF, we should pay more attention to the postoperative anemia status of patients with thoracolumbar fractures undergoing PPSF surgery.

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory form of arthritis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to serve as therapeutic targets in various inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional mechanism of miR-148a-3p on AS. Specimens were collected from AS patients and non-AS patients. Fibroblasts were delivered with the aid of miR-148a-3p inhibitor. Cell staining was performed to observe the morphological changes, calcified nodules, and mineralization degree. The binding sites of miR-148a-3p and DKK1 were predicted on the Starbase website and subsequently verified by means of dual-luciferase reporter assay. AS fibroblasts with silenced miR-148a-3p were transfected with si-DKK1. Levels of RUNX2 and Osteocalcin, DKK1 and Wnt1 protein and phosphorylation level of ß-catenin were detected by means of western blot analysis. Results of the present study denoted that AS upregulated miR-148a-3p in fibroblasts to exacerbate osteogenic differentiation, resulting in increased calcified nodules and mineralization degree. Silencing miR-148a-3p could reverse the upregulation of RUNX2 and Osteocalcin in AS fibroblasts and reduce the calcified nodules and mineralization degree. miR-148a-3p targeted DKK1. DKK1 knockdown averted the effect of silencing miR-148a-3p in AS fibroblasts. In addition, silencing miR-148a-3p reversed the upregulation of Wnt1 and ß-catenin proteins in AS fibroblasts. To conclude, miR-148a-3p exacerbated the osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts by inhibiting DKK1 expression and activating the Wnt pathway.

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome between percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) and the mini-open Wiltse approach with pedicle screw fixation (MWPSF) for neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: From January 2017 to January 2019, ninety-four patients with neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures were included in this study. In this retrospective study, forty-nine patients were operated with the PPSF and forty-five patients received MWPSF. The clinical information, surgery-related results and radiographic outcome were collected and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in total length of incisions, blood loss, post-operative hospitalization time, visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score. There was also no significant difference in the accuracy rate of pedicle screw placement between two groups; however, the facet joint violation (FJV) was significantly higher in the PPSF group. The atrophic area of multifidus muscle in the PPSF group is significantly larger than that in the MWPSF group and the operative time of MWPSF group was shorter than that in the PPSF group. Meanwhile, the PPSF group obtaining significantly more cumulative exposure to radiation (p < 0.001). The result of vertebral body angle (VBA), Cobb's angle and AVH rate in the MWPSF group were significantly better than those in the PPSF group at the last post-operative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Both minimally invasive treatment techniques (PPSF and MWPSF) are safe and effective in treatment of neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures. Nevertheless, our results indicate that MWPSF may be a better choice for neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures, since it protects multifidus muscle, and decreases facet joint violation, operation time, as well as radiation exposure. In addition, MWPSF was associated with better reduction of kyphosis.

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Two new lathyrane-type diterpenoids, jatropodagins A and B (1 and 2), and five known analogues (3-7), were isolated from the stems of Jatropha podagrica. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data and calculated ECD analyses. The cytotoxicities of all the lathyrane-type diterpenoids (1-7) were evaluated against two human osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos-2 and MG-63). Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against Saos-2 and MG-63 with IC50 values of 8.08 and 14.64 µM, respectively. The IC50 values for the positive control 5-FU against the Saos-2 and MG-63 cell lines were 19.01 and 25.00 µM, respectively. Morphological features of apoptosis activities were evaluated in 1-treated Saos-2 cells and the results confirmed apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

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Spectrum sensing is a core technology in cognitive radio (CR) systems. In this paper, a multiple-antenna cooperative spectrum sensor based on the wavelet transform and Gaussian mixture model (MAWG) is proposed. Compared with traditional methods, the MAWG method avoids the derivation of the threshold and improves the performance of single secondary user (SU) spectrum sensing in cases of channel loss and hidden terminal. The MAWG method reduces the noise of the signal which collected by the multiple-antenna SUs through the wavelet transform. Then, the fusion center (FC) extracts the statistical features from the signals that are pre-processed by the wavelet transform. To extract the statistical features, an sensing data fusion method is proposed. The MAWG method divides all SUs that are involved in the cooperative spectrum sensing into two clusters and extracts a two-dimensional feature vector. In order to avoid complicated decision threshold derivation, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to train a classifier for spectrum sensing according to these two-dimensional feature vectors. Simulation experiments are performed in the κ - µ channel model. The simulation shows that the MAWG can effectively improve spectrum sensing performance under the κ - µ channel model.