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Here, we report ternary COFs@MoS2-Pd hybrids with an innovative self-sacrificial approach. MoO3@Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) microcables were first prepared and then two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) were integrated onto the surface of COFs, as COFs@MoS2, after treatment with hydrothermal reaction. The MoS2 NSs were used as an excellent support to introduce Pd nanoparticles (NPs) thanks to their reducing ability for the formation of the ternary COFs@MoS2-Pd hybrids. While COF microtubes improved the electrical conductivity of the hybrid materials, they also decreased the aggregation of MoS2 NSs, as a contribution to the enhanced catalytic performance. The mild reaction between MoS2 and Pd2+ ions realized the dense distribution of Pd NPs onto COFs@MoS2 for abundant active sites to further improve the catalytic performance. Thus, the hierarchical MoS2-based ternary hybrids were prepared with the enhanced catalytical performance as validated with the enzyme-like catalysis and the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
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MgGa2O4 (MGO) with the spinel structure exhibits abundance defects and could achieve the modulation of emission by ion doping as persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs). Here, we introduced Cr3+ ions into MGO to achieve near-infrared (NIR) emission, and Pr3+ ions to tune the lattice environment for enhanced NIR emission. The optimal composite, MgGa2O4: 0.005Cr3+, 0.003Pr3+ (MGCP), achieved enhanced NIR emission at 709 nm under 222 nm excitation. The concentration quenching was observed due to electric dipole-quadrupole interaction at high Cr3+ and Pr3+ content. The afterglow mechanism was revealed, while the energy-splitting occurs from trivalent Cr3+ ions at 650 and 709 nm, thanks to the complex lattice environment. We observed that the emission at 709 nm decreased, while the satellite signal at 650 nm increased first and then decreased intensity with increasing temperature, due to the intervalence charge transfer for Cr3+ ions at 303-528 K. Ratiometric temperature sensing was therefore realized with superb linearity, high absolute sensitivity at 303 K for 4.18%, and accuracy at 528 K for 2.62 K, confirming with the luminescence intensity ratio at 709 and 650 nm under excitation at 222 nm. Thus, we provide a method with energy-splitting emission of Cr3+ ions to design temperature sensing.
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Mercury ion (Hg2+) pose a significant hazard to the natural environment. Conventional techniques like Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, among others, pose some disadvantages as they demand a lot of money, need trained employees, and cannot provide on-site detection in real-time. A smartphone sensing technique based on silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) was presented to detect Hg2+ in the environment without the usage of sophisticated equipment. Meanwhile, the technology was built by utilizing a smartphone to capture gray values of fluorescent images of the Si-QDs-Hg2+ system. Microwave-assisted Si-QDs with tiny particle size, high fluorescence, and good optical stability were created. The fluorescence of the Si-QDs was gradually quenched by raising the Hg2+ concentration from 0.5 µmol/L to 5.0 µmol/L for fluorescent detection with a detection limit of 28 nmol/L. The 94.8-97.1 % recovery demonstrated the viability of the Si-QDs approach for detecting Hg2+. Meanwhile, a smartphone sensing strategy was built by recording the gray value of the fluorescent images of the Si-QDs-Hg2+ systems using a smartphone, and the detection limit of the established approach was 3 nmol/L. The accuracy and reliability of the smartphone strategy were verified with the recovery rates of 80.3-92.5 % in tap water and 87.6-109 % in river water. Electron transfer quenching mechanism between Si-QDs and Hg2+ was evidenced by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescent decay curves, cyclic voltammetry, and Zeta potential. Finally, the suggested approach was used to detect Hg2+ in water samples from various environments.
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BACKGROUND: Insomnia disorder (ID) is one of the most common sleep problems, usually accompanied by anxiety and depression symptoms. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study suggests that both poor sleep quality and negative emotion are linked to the dysregulation of brain network related to emotion processing in ID patients. Acupuncture therapy has been proven effective in improving sleep quality and mood of ID patients, but the involved neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the modulation effect of acupuncture on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the emotional network (EN) in patients experiencing insomnia. METHODS: A total of 30 healthy controls (HCs) and 60 ID patients were enrolled in this study. Sixty ID patients were randomly assigned to real and sham acupuncture groups and attended resting-state fMRI scans before and after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment. HCs completed an MRI/fMRI scan at baseline. The rsFC values within EN were calculated, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hyperarousal Scale (HAS), and actigraphy data were collected for clinical efficacy evaluation. RESULTS: Resting-state FC analysis showed abnormalities in rsFC centered on the thalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex within EN of ID patients compared to HCs. After real acupuncture treatment, rsFC of the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala were increased compared with the sham acupuncture group (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). In real acupuncture group, the rsFC value was decreased between left amygdala and left thalamus after 4 weeks of treatment compared with baseline. A trend of correlation was found that the increased rsFC value between the right amygdala and left hippocampus was positively correlated with the decreased HAMA scores across all ID patients, and the decreased left amygdala rsFC value with the left thalamus was negatively correlated with the increased sleep efficiency in the real acupuncture group. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that real acupuncture could produce a positive effect on modulating rsFC within network related to emotion processing in ID patients, which may illustrate the central mechanism underlying acupuncture for insomnia in improving sleep quality and emotion regulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn ., ChiCTR1800015282, 20/03/2018.
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Terapia por Acupuntura , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/terapia , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/fisiopatología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Emociones , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
In this study, a γPFD-SpyCatcher hydrogel scaffold with the capacity for spontaneous assembly was established. With a maximum loading capacity of a 1:1 molar ratio with SpyTag-enzymes, the immobilized proteins can not only rapidly provide pure enzymes but also exhibit improved thermal and pH stability. The results of the transmission electron microscopic analysis and the traits they present indicated that SpyCatcher promotes the aggregation of γPFD and the formation of hydrogels. In the cell-free pyruvate synthesis system, the γPFD-SpyCatcher coimmobilized SpyTag-hexokinase (HK), SpyTag-phosphofructokinase (PFK) and SpyTag-pyruvate kinase (PK) were employed, and the production of pyruvate increased by 43, 78 and 47% respectively. In in vitro experiments, the oxidative deamination activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) coimmobilized with γPFD-SpyCatcher was 38% higher than that of purified enzymes. These findings indicate that the γPFD-SpyCatcher-based hydrogels play an important role in breaking the barrier of regulatory enzymes and will provide more strategies for the development of synthetic biology.
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Enzimas Inmovilizadas , Hidrogeles , Hidrogeles/química , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/metabolismo , Glutamato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Glutamato Deshidrogenasa/química , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Biocatálisis , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , Ácido Pirúvico/químicaRESUMEN
The Hippo pathway plays a central role in tissue development and homeostasis. However, the function of Hippo in pancreatic endocrine development remains obscure. Here, we generated novel conditional genetically engineered mouse models to examine the roles of Hippo pathway-mediated YAP1/TAZ inhibition in the development stages of endocrine specification and differentiation. While YAP1 protein was localized to the nuclei in bipotent progenitor cells, Neurogenin 3 expressing endocrine progenitors completely lost YAP1 expression. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we found that inactivation of YAP1 requires both an intact Hippo pathway and Neurogenin 3 protein. Gene deletion of Lats1 and 2 kinases (Lats1&2) in endocrine progenitor cells of developing mouse pancreas using Neurog3Cre blocked endocrine progenitor cell differentiation and specification, resulting in reduced islets size and a disorganized pancreas at birth. Loss of Lats1&2 in Neurogenin 3 expressing cells activated YAP1/TAZ transcriptional activity and recruited macrophages to the developing pancreas. These defects were rescued by deletion of Yap1/Wwtr1 genes, suggesting that tight regulation of YAP1/TAZ by Hippo signaling is crucial for pancreatic endocrine specification. In contrast, deletion of Lats1&2 using ß-cell-specific Ins1CreER resulted in a phenotypically normal pancreas, indicating that Lats1&2 are indispensable for differentiation of endocrine progenitors but not for that of ß-cells. Our results demonstrate that loss of YAP1/TAZ expression in the pancreatic endocrine compartment is not a passive consequence of endocrine specification. Rather, Hippo pathway-mediated inhibition of YAP1/TAZ in endocrine progenitors is a prerequisite for endocrine specification and differentiation.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Diferenciación Celular , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP , Animales , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Ratones , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Transactivadores/genética , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/embriología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteínas Coactivadoras Transcripcionales con Motivo de Unión a PDZ/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Aciltransferasas , Proteínas Supresoras de TumorRESUMEN
Alternative day fasting (ADF) has been shown to enhance the lifespan of animals. However, human trials evaluating the efficacy of ADF have only recently emerged, presenting challenges due to the extreme nature of this dietary regimen. To better understand the effects of ADF, we investigated its impact using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. Our findings reveal that ADF extends the lifespan of worms nourished on animal-based protein source, while those fed with plant-based protein as the primary protein source do not experience such benefits. Remarkably, initiating ADF during midlife is sufficient to prolong lifespan, whereas implementation during youth results in developmental damage, and in older age, fails to provide additional extension effects. Furthermore, we discovered that midlife ADF up-regulates the expression of two cysteine protease cathepsin B genes, cpr-2 and cpr-5, which preserve lysosomal integrity and enhance its function in digesting aggregated proteins, as well as enhancing lipid metabolism and ameliorating neurodegenerative disease markers and phenomena during aging. This suggests that midlife ADF has long lasting anti-aging effects and may delay the onset of related diseases, specifically in animals consuming animal-based protein source. These findings offer valuable insights into the effects of ADF and provide guidance for future research and potential applications in individuals.
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A new type of hybrid material (NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3) with a multi-layer heterostructure was designed and fabricated via a one-step pyrolysis process using FeOOH/NiMoO4@PDA as the precursor. FeOOH/NiMoO4@PDA was prepared by the solvothermal method, followed by the nickel-ion etching method coupled with the polymerization of dopamine (DA). The as-obtained material was made of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes embedded with FeNi3 and MoO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, the FeNi3 NPs exhibited significantly improved performance in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and adsorption of histidine-rich protein as well as provided appropriate magnetism resources. The MoO2 NPs imparted a metallic nature with excellent conductivity, and the N-doped mesoporous carbon microtubes also improved conductivity and facilitated mass transfer, thus leading to enhanced performance in catalysis. Benefiting from the 1D hierarchical porous structure and compositional features, the NCMTs@MoO2/FeNi3 composites exhibited excellent performance in 4-NP reduction and protein adsorption via specific metal affinity between the polyhistidine groups of proteins and the FeNi3 NPs. The result presented here indicates that the strategy of combining tailored components, heterostructuring, and carbon integration is a promising way to obtain high-performance composites for other energy-related applications.
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Molibdeno , Adsorción , Molibdeno/química , Catálisis , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Óxidos/química , Níquel/química , Nitrofenoles/química , Proteínas/química , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To explore the impact mechanism of physical exercise on the sense of meaning in life of college students, and analyze the chain mediating effect between self-concept and self-control. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 923 college students in China using the Physical Exercise Rating Scale (PARS-3), Life Meaning Scale, Self Concept Scale, and Self Control Scale. RESULTS: (1) Physical exercise, self-concept, self-control and sense of meaning in life are significantly related to each other; (2) Self-concept and self-control play a chain mediating role between physical exercise and college students' sense of meaning in life, with an effect value of 0.042, accounting for 5.48% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise can directly enhance the sense of meaning in life of college students, and can also indirectly enhance it not only through the mediating effect of self-concept and self-control, but also through the chain mediating effect of the two. These results provide theoretical reference for college students to improve their sense of life meaning and mental health education.
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Ejercicio Físico , Autoimagen , Estudiantes , Humanos , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Adulto Joven , Universidades , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , China , Autocontrol/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , AdolescenteRESUMEN
A series of novel 2-Ar-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on our previously discovered active compound 6d against Rhizoctonia solani. Most of these compounds exhibited good antifungal activity against R. solani at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Based on the results of biological activity, we established a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model that guided the synthesis of compound 7y. Compound 7y exhibited superior activity against R. solani (EC50 = 0.47 µg/mL) compared to the positive controls hymexazol (EC50 = 12.80 µg/mL) and tebuconazole (EC50 = 0.87 µg/mL). Furthermore, compound 7y demonstrated better protective activity than the aforementioned two commercial fungicides in both detached leaf assays and greenhouse experiments, achieving 56.21% and 65.75% protective efficacy, respectively, at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The ergosterol content was determined and molecular docking was performed to explore the mechanism of these active molecules. DFT calculation and MEP analysis were performed to illustrate the results of this study. These results suggest that compound 7y could serve as a novel 2-Ar-1,2,3-triazole lead compound for controlling R. solani.
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Diseño de Fármacos , Fungicidas Industriales , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Rhizoctonia , Triazoles , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Fungicidas Industriales/química , Fungicidas Industriales/síntesis química , Triazoles/química , Triazoles/farmacología , Triazoles/síntesis química , Rhizoctonia/efectos de los fármacos , Rhizoctonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Estructura Molecular , Hidrazinas/química , Hidrazinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is an important underlying cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CTD. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is an immune factor which has been related to the severity of ILD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between serum KL-6 and mortality of patients with CTD-ILD. Longitudinal studies relevant to the aim of the meta-analysis were retrieved by search of electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. A random-effects model was used to combine the data by incorporating the influence of between-study heterogeneity. Fifteen cohorts involving 1737 patients with CTD-ILD were included. During a mean follow-up of 35.3 months, 430 (24.8%) patients died. Compared to those with a lower KL-6 at admission, patients with a higher KL-6 were associated with a higher mortality risk during follow-up (risk ratio: 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.66 to 2.87, P < 0.001; I2 = 20%). Subgroup analysis showed a significant association in studies from Asian countries, but not in those from non-Asian countries; in studies with cutoff of KL-6 derived in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, but not in those derived from other methods; in studies with multivariate analysis, but not in those with univariate analysis (P for subgroup difference all < 0.05). The association was not significantly affected by different CTDs or methods for measuring serum KL-6. In conclusion, a high serum KL-6 may be a risk factor of increased mortality in patients with CTD-ILD.
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Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales , Mucina-1 , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/mortalidad , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Tejido Conjuntivo/sangre , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/sangre , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/mortalidad , Mucina-1/sangreRESUMEN
Most of kiwifruit cultivars (e.g. Actinidia chinensis cv. Donghong, "DH") were sensitive to waterlogging, thus, waterlogging resistant rootstocks (e.g. Actinidia valvata Dunn, "Dunn") were widely used for kiwifruit industry. Those different species provided ideal materials to understand the waterlogging responses in kiwifruit. Compared to the weaken growth and root activities in "DH", "Dunn" maintained the relative high root activities under the prolonged waterlogging. Based on comparative analysis, transcript levels of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDCs) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHs) showed significantly difference between these two species. Both PDCs and ADHs had been significantly increased by waterlogging in "DH", while they were only limitedly triggered by 2 days stress and subsided during the prolonged waterlogging in "Dunn". Thus, 19 differentially expressed transcript factors (DETFs) had been isolated using weighted gene co-expression network analysis combined with transcriptomics and transcript levels of PDCs and ADHs in waterlogged "DH". Among these DETFs, dual luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated AcMYB68 could bind to and trigger the activity of AcPDC2 promoter. The stable over-expression of AcMYB68 significantly up-regulated the transcript levels of PDCs but inhibited the plant growth, especially the roots. Moreover, the enzyme activities of PDC in 35S::AcMYB68 were significantly enhanced during the waterlogging response than that in wild type plants. Most interestingly, comparative analysis indicated that the expression patterns of AcMYB68 and the previously characterized AcERF74/75 (the direct regulator on ADHs) either showed no responses (AcMYB68 and AcERF74) or very limited response (AcERF75) in "Dunn". Taken together, the restricted responses of AcMYB68 and AcERF74/75 in "Dunn" endow its waterlogging tolerance.
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Actinidia , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Piruvato Descarboxilasa , Actinidia/genética , Actinidia/fisiología , Actinidia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Piruvato Descarboxilasa/genética , Piruvato Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/genética , Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Agua/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genéticaRESUMEN
Background and aim: Sarcopenia has gained considerable attention in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma, as it has been correlated with a poorer prognosis among patients undergoing sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical significance of sarcopenia in first-line advanced HCC patients treated with lenvatinib and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors needs to be clarified. Methods: Sarcopenia was diagnosed using CT (Computed tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), with the psoas muscle index (PMI) as the surrogate marker. Patients were grouped based on sarcopenia presences, and a comparative analysis examined characteristics, adverse events, and prognosis. The Cox regression analysis was applied to identify independent prognostic factors for survival, while nomograms were constructed to predict 1-year survival. Results: Among 180 patients, 46 had sarcopenia. Patients with baseline sarcopenia demonstrated significantly inferior median progression-free survival (mPFS) (3.0 vs. 8.3 months) and median overall survival (mOS) (7.3 vs. 21.6 months). The same results for mPFS (3.3 vs. 9.2 months) and mOS (9.4 vs. 24.2 months) were observed in patients who developed sarcopenia after treatment. Furthermore, significantly higher grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) (73.91% vs 41.79%, p<0.001) were recorded in the sarcopenia group compared to the non-sarcopenia group. In the multivariate analysis, distant metastasis, elevated PLR and CRP levels, and low PMI remained independent predictive factors for poor OS. Additionally, skeletal muscle loss remained a significant independent risk factor for PFS. We developed a nomogram incorporating these four indicators, which predicted 12-month survival with a C-index of 0.853 (95% CI, 0.791 - 0.915), aligning well with actual observations. Conclusion: The prognosis of patients with HCC and sarcopenia is significantly worse when treated with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors. The combination regimen of lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors should be cautiously recommended due to the inferior prognosis and higher AEs.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Compuestos de Fenilurea , Quinolinas , Sarcopenia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Relevancia Clínica , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Compuestos de Fenilurea/efectos adversos , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Quinolinas/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcopenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcopenia/etiologíaRESUMEN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) hold great promise for tumor treatment. However, hypoxia, insufficient H2O2, and overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder ROS generation significantly. Herein, we reported CaO2@Cu-TCPP/CUR with O2/H2O2/Ca2+ self-supply and GSH depletion for enhanced PDT/CDT and Ca2+ overload synergistic therapy. CaO2 nanospheres were first prepared and used as templates for guiding the coordination between the carboxyl of tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and Cu2+ ions as hollow CaO2@Cu-TCPP, which facilitated GSH-activated TCPP-based PDT and Cu+-mediated CDT. The hollow structure was then loaded with curcumin (CUR) to form CaO2@Cu-TCPP/CUR composites. Cu-TCPP prevented degradation of CaO2, while Cu2+ ions reacted with GSH to deplete GSH, produce Cu+ ions, and release TCPP, CaO2, and CUR. CaO2 reacted with H2O to generate O2, H2O2, and Ca2+ to achieve O2/H2O2/Ca2+ self-supply for TCPP-based PDT, Cu+-mediated CDT, and CUR-enhanced Ca2+ overload therapy. Thus, this multilevel ROS amplifier enhances synergistic therapy with fewer side effects and drug resistance.
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Curcumina , Nanosferas , Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Glutatión , Microambiente Tumoral , Línea Celular Tumoral , OxígenoRESUMEN
Tubular structured composites have attracted great interest in catalysis research owing to their void-confinement effects. In this work, we synthesized a pair of hollow N-doped carbon microtubes (NCMTs) with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated inside NCMTs (Fe3O4@NCMTs) and supported outside NCMTs (NCMTs@Fe3O4) while keeping other structural features the same. The impact of structural effects on the catalytic activities was investigated by comparing a pair of hollow-structured nanocomposites. It was found that the Fe3O4@NCMTs possessed a higher peroxidase-like activity when compared with NCMTs@Fe3O4, demonstrating structural superiority of Fe3O4@NCMTs. Based on the excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity and stability of Fe3O4@NCMTs, an ultra-sensitive colorimetric method was developed for the detection of H2O2 and GSH with detection limits of 0.15 µM and 0.49 µM, respectively, which has potential application value in biological sciences and biotechnology.
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Carbono , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Carbono/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Catálisis , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Glutatión/química , Materiales Biomiméticos/química , Nitrógeno/química , Colorimetría , BiomiméticaRESUMEN
The excitation-dependent emission properties of carbon dots (Cdots) are extensively reported, but their red emission is often weak, limiting their wider application. Here we introduce ethidium bromide, as a functional precursor with red emission, to enhance the red emission for Cdots, with comparable intensity at a broad wavelength range to multi-emission Cdots (M-Cdots). We found that Cdots prepared with ethidium bromide/ethylenediamine exhibited strong blue and red emission at 440 and 615 nm, with optimal excitation at 360 and 470 nm as M-Cdots, respectively, but the Cdots from single ethidium bromide (EB-Cdots) possessed weak red emission. M-Cdots exhibited a broad absorption band at 478 nm, but a band blue-shifted to 425 nm was observed for EB-Cdots, while no absorption was observed at 478-425 nm for the Cdots prepared with citric acid and ethylenediamine. Thus, we proposed that C=O and C=N formed a π-conjugation structure as the absorption band at 478 nm for the red emission of M-Cdots, as also confirmed with the excitation at 470 nm. Moreover, the π-conjugation structure is fragile and sensitive to harsh conditions, so red emission was difficult to observe for the Cdots prepared with citric acid/ethylenediamine or single ethidium bromide. M-Cdots possess two centers for blue and red emission with different structures. The dual emission was therefore used for ratiometric sensing with dichromate (Cr2O72-) and formaldehyde (HCHO) as the targets using the intensity ratio of the emissions at 615 and 440 nm. Due to the comparable intensity at a broad wavelength range, we designed encryption codes with five excitations at 360, 400, 420, 450, and 470 nm as the inputs, and the emission colors were used for information decoding. Thus, we determined why red emission was difficult to realize for Cdots, and our results could motivate the design of red-emission Cdots for extensive applications.
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The tubular architecture with multiple components can bring synergistic effects to improve the enzyme-like activity of molybdenum-based nanomaterials. Here, a facile polypyrrole (PPy)-protected hydrothermal sulfidation process was implemented to engineer MoS2/Ag2S heterointerfaces encapsulated in one-dimensional (1D) PPy nanotubes with MoO3@Ag nanorods as the self-sacrificing precursor. Notably, the sulfidation treatment led to the generation of MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) and Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) and the creation of a tubular structure with a "kill three birds with one stone" role. The Ag2S/MoS2@PPy nanotubes showed the synergistic combined effects of Ag2S NPs, MoS2 NSs, and the 1D tube-like nanostructure. Based on the synergistic effects from these multiple components and the tubular structure, Ag2S/MoS2@PPy nanocomposites were used as a colorimetric sensing platform for detecting H2O2. Moreover, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) revealed excellent catalytic activity in the presence of NaBH4 and Ag2S/MoS2@PPy nanocomposites. This work highlights the effects of MoS2/Ag2S heterointerfaces and the hierarchical tubular structure in catalysis, thereby providing a new avenue for reducing 4-NP and the enzyme-like catalytic field.
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Triterpene esters comprise a class of secondary metabolites that are synthesized by decorating triterpene skeletons with a series of oxidation, glycosylation, and acylation modifications. Many triterpene esters with important bioactivities have been isolated and identified, including those with applications in the pesticide, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. They also play essential roles in plant defense against pests, diseases, physical damage (as part of the cuticle), and regulation of root microorganisms. However, there has been no recent summary of the biosynthetic pathways and biological functions of plant triterpene esters. Here, we classify triterpene esters into five categories based on their skeletons and find that C-3 oxidation may have a significant effect on triterpenoid acylation. Fatty acid and aromatic moieties are common ligands present in triterpene esters. We further analyze triterpene ester synthesis-related acyltransferases (TEsACTs) in the triterpene biosynthetic pathway. Using an evolutionary classification of BAHD acyltransferases (BAHD-ATs) and serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases (SCPL-ATs) in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, we classify 18 TEsACTs with identified functions from 11 species. All the triterpene-skeleton-related TEsACTs belong to BAHD-AT clades IIIa and I, and the only identified TEsACT from the SCPL-AT family belongs to the CP-I subfamily. This comprehensive review of the biosynthetic pathways and bioactivities of triterpene esters provides a foundation for further study of their bioactivities and applications in industry, agricultural production, and human health.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis , Ésteres , Humanos , Ésteres/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Evolución Biológica , Aciltransferasas/genética , Aciltransferasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exploratory behavior, as an essential component of decision-making, is indispensable for maximizing long-term benefits, making it a crucial factor in adolescents' psychological well-being and social adaptation. Despite the established understanding that this adaptive behavior is shaped by early adverse experiences, limited knowledge exists regarding the longitudinal relationship between childhood maltreatment and exploratory behavior. OBJECTIVE: The present study examines whether childhood maltreatment would impede subsequent exploratory behavior, considering the mediating role of uncertainty stress and the moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants were 655 adolescents from a longitudinal design with two waves spanning six months (Mage = 15.99, SDage = 0.92, 43.5 % female). METHODS: Correlation analysis and longitudinal moderated mediation effect testing were used to test our hypotheses. RESULTS: Correlation analysis indicated that childhood maltreatment was negatively correlated with exploratory behavior only simultaneously but not longitudinally. After controlling age and gender, childhood maltreatment would accompany higher levels of uncertainty stress, which in turn may act as a driving force behind subsequent exploratory behavior. The heightened intolerance of uncertainty may potentially mitigate the direct link between childhood maltreatment and later exploratory behavior. Furthermore, this trait amplifies the experienced uncertainty stress in individuals who have undergone maltreatment, thereby increasing their inclination toward engaging in subsequent exploratory behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Given the critical role of uncertainty stress, promoting more exploration among these maltreated adolescents requires corresponding cognitive and behavioral interventions to adjust their perception and cognition of uncertainty.