RESUMEN
In this study, we established the DDP-resistant NSCLC cell line A549/DDP to detect the effect of NORAD on cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cells. NORAD was highly expressed in A549/DDP cells compared with A549 cells. The MTT data showed that knockdown of NORAD enhanced the inhibition rate of cisplatin on the A549/DDP cells and decreased IC50 value. The colony formation and MTT assay suggested that cisplatin inhibited cell proliferation, and knockdown of NORAD enhanced the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on A549/DDP cells. Besides, we found that NORAD silence reduced the P-gp expression but not BCRP, LRP and MRP. Moreover, NORAD could directly bind to miR-202-5p, and ABCB1 was a target of miR-202-5p. The MTT assay found that miR-202-5p inhibitor reversed the effects of NORAD silence on cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cells. Then, the Western blot data showed that knockdown of NORAD reduced P-gp expression, and miR-202-5p inhibitor enhanced P-gp expression. ABCB1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of NORAD knockdown on A549/DDP cells. Moreover, NORAD could directly bind to miR-202-5p, and ABCB1 was a target of miR-202-5p. Inhibition of miR-202-5p and overexpression of ABCB1 eliminated the effects of NORAD silence on cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cells. Overexpression of miR-202-5p suppressed P-gp expression in A549/DDP cells. Collectively, our data showed that NORAD could enhance the DDP resistance of A549/DDP cells and potentially increased P-gp expression by sponging the miR-202-5p.
Asunto(s)
Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Cisplatino/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Células A549 , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
This paper reports an improved fermentation process that includes simultaneous saccharification, detoxification, and cofermentation as steps for producing bioethanol. Rice straw was first steam exploded (SE) or butanone solution exploded (BSE) and then cofermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida shehatae. To overcome the inhibitors, the exploded rice straw was continuously and slowly introduced into a 10 L ventilated fermenter. When the fermentation conditions were set to 1.0% initial dry matter, 10% total dry matter, addition rate of 120 mg/min, total fermentation time of 234 h, and dose of 0.1% (NH4)2SO4, yields of 25.8 g/100 g of dry matter ethanol and 88% total sugar use were obtained for BSE rice straw. The ethanol yields were not significantly different between detoxified materials and non-detoxified materials. Most of the furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), acetic acid, and butanone were removed during the fermentation of non-detoxified materials, and the sugar concentrations were very low. The in situ detoxification and fermentation was effective and inexpensive when the pre-detoxification of exploded materials and the pre-adaptation of strains steps were omitted.
Asunto(s)
Biocombustibles , Etanol/química , Fermentación , Oryza/química , Ácido Acético/aislamiento & purificación , Reactores Biológicos , Butanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Candida/metabolismo , Carbohidratos/química , Tecnología de Alimentos , Furaldehído/análogos & derivados , Furaldehído/aislamiento & purificación , Oryza/microbiología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among elderly patients over 80 years. METHODS: The clinical data, surgical methods, perioperative management, postoperative complications and prognosis of 52 NSCLC patients aged over 80 years were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 52 cases, 27 had a long-term smoking history (51.9%) and 44 were with other diseases (84.6%). Lobectomy was done in 32 cases (65.4%), sub-lobectomy in 20 cases (38.5%), including pulmonary wedge resection in 16 cases (30.8%) and lung segment resection in 4 cases (7.7%). The postoperative complication rate was 44.2% (23/52); the complication rate after lobectomy was 62.5% (20/32) and that after sub-lobectomy was 25% (5/20), with significant difference between lobectomy and sub-lobectomy (P<0.05). Postoperative mortality was 3.8% (2/52). Pathological TNM staging: I a 27 cases (51.9%), I b 12 cases (23.1%), II a 8 cases (15.4%), II b 3 cases (5.8%) and III a 2 cases (3.8%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate after operation was 87.1%, 59.8%, 19.1%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 86.0%, 61.8%, 21.5% in the patients after lobectomy; that was 89.0%, 58.3%, 18.7% in the patients after sub-lobectomy, with no significant difference between two surgical methods (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians with NSCLC are often afflicted with comorbidity, so perioperative management is more complex. Strictly adhering to indications, surgery is still an important treatment of NSCLC patients over 80.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To prevent or reduce such postoperative complications of pneumonectomy as bronchopleural fistula and promote the curative effect of the surgery by improving the technique for handling the bronchial stumps. METHODS: In 107 patients, bronchial stapler was adopted for closure of the bronchial stump and pneumonectomy was subsequently performed on the side of the staples. A 1-0 polyester suture was used to for suture in the shape of "U" deep in the mechanical suture on the bronchial stump. The postoperative complications were observed. RESULTS: The operations were performed easily and the bronchial stumps were short and sutured firmly. No fluid retention or granuloma occurred in the stumps after the operation, nor were the complications such as intractable cough and infection of thoracic cavity observed. No bronchopleural fistula was found in these patients. CONCLUSION: This new method is safe and effective for treatment of the bronchial stumps.