RESUMEN
The NOD2 gene plays a fundamental role in initiating the inflammatory and subsequent immune response. NOD2 was previously identified as a susceptibility locus for inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. In this study, we detected 2 mutations in exon 12 (AâT, GâA) among 5 cattle breeds (N = 315) and analyzed their associations with production traits and genetic resistance against bovine mastitis in Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds (N = 218). The transitions (AâT) at position 114 bp were associated with somatic cell score (P < 0.01). The GâA at position 1594 bp plays a critical role in increasing 305-day milk yields. In Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds, the BB genotype may contribute to disease susceptibility. Compared to all genotypic combinations, the A, B, and FF genotypes are beneficial not only for reducing somatic cell score but also for increasing production.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Mastitis Bovina/genética , Leche/metabolismo , Proteína Adaptadora de Señalización NOD2/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos/clasificación , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Exones/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the changes in peripheral blood circulating tumor cells in HER2-positive early breast cancer before and after Herceptin therapy, and to explore the effects of the HER2 gene and Herceptin on circulating tumor cells. CK19 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was evaluated by qRT-PCR as an index of circulating tumor cells in 15 cases of HER-2-positive breast cancer and 18 cases of HER2-negative breast cancer before, and after chemotherapy as well. Ten cases of HER2-positive breast cancer continued on Herceptin therapy for 3 months after chemotherapy, and their peripheral blood was again drawn and assayed for CK-19 mRNA expression. Preoperatively, all cases of HER2-positive cancer were positive for CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood, but 6 cases of HER2-negative breast cancer were positive (33.3%), where there was a substantial difference between the two groups. After 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, CK19 positive rates in cases of HER2-positive and -negative breast cancer reduced by 93.3 and 11.1%, respectively, with a significant difference still existing. After 3 months of Herceptin therapy, expression of CK19 mRNA declined considerably in 10 cases of HER2 positive breast cancer (113.66 ± 88.65 vs 63.35 ± 49.27, P = 0.025). HER-2 gene expression closely correlated with circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of early breast cancer patients. Moreover, Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody for HER2, can reduce the number of circulating tumor cells, which can be an early predictive factor for Herceptin therapy effectiveness against breast cancer.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/efectos de los fármacos , Trastuzumab/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Queratina-19/biosíntesis , Queratina-19/sangre , Queratina-19/genética , Pronóstico , Receptor ErbB-2/biosíntesis , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Trastuzumab/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
XRCC1 (human X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cell 1) gene is considered a potentially important gene influencing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our analyses detected two allelic variants of XRCC1, c.910A>G and c.1686C>G. We aimed to investigate whether these polymorphisms influence the risk of HCC. The association between the XRCC1 polymorphisms and the risk of HCC was analyzed in 719 patients and 662 controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our data suggested that the genotypes and alleles of c.910A>G and c.1686C>G polymorphisms were statistically associated with the risk of HCC. For c.910A>G, the GG genotype was associated with increased risk of developing HCC compared with the AA wild genotype (OR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.40-2.70, P < 0.0001). For c.1686C>G, the risk of HCC was significantly higher for the GG genotype compared with the CC wild genotype (OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.375-2.599, P < 0.0001). Significant differences in the risk of HCC were also found with other genetic models for these two SNPs. The G allele of both c.910A>G and c.1686C>G may contribute to the risk of HCC (G versus A: OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.20-1.64, P < 0.0001 and G versus C: OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.19-1.61, P < 0.0001, respectively). Our findings suggest that the c.910A>G and c.1686C>G polymorphisms of XRCC1 are associated with the risk of HCC in the Chinese population.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adenina/metabolismo , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citosina/metabolismo , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Guanina/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Proteína 1 de Reparación por Escisión del Grupo de Complementación Cruzada de las Lesiones por Rayos XRESUMEN
We evaluated the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytes isolated from Scapania verrucosa Heeg., which belongs to the liverwort class. A total of 49 endophytic fungi were isolated from S. verrucosa and classified into seven genera and one family in our previous study. In this study, the cytotoxic activity of the endophytes was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, seven of which showed potent toxicity against the brine shrimp with 50% lethal concentration values less than 20 µg/mL. T-30 was the most toxic, with a 50% lethal concentration value of 7.15 µg/mL. Moreover, T-27 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with minimal inhibitory concentrations below 0.25 and 4 mg/mL, which can inhibit the growth of two standard strains - ATCC 25923 (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) and ATCC 43300 (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) - in a time-dependent manner, respectively. These results suggest that endophytes in S. verrucosa are the sources for the production of natural bioactive products and thus warrant further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Antibiosis/fisiología , Endófitos/fisiología , Hongos/fisiología , Hepatophyta/microbiología , Animales , Artemia/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Verticillium dahliae is a fungal pathogen that causes wilt disease in a wide range of host plants. Characterization of virulence, morphological, and molecular variations among V. dahliae isolates from different geographic origins is essential for any breeding program aimed at producing plant cultivars resistant to this disease. We characterized virulence variation among V. dahliae isolates from Chinese cultivated eggplant grown in Northeast China by pathogenicity testing on susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant eggplant accessions in a glasshouse using a root-dipping method of infection. These isolates were also characterized for morphological features based on growth on potato dextrose agar media and for genetic variation based on ISSR markers. All 12 isolates were divided into three pathotypes based on the virulence, i.e., strong, moderate, or weak type. Three isolates were categorized as defoliating pathotypes, with strong virulence, and the rest of the isolates were categorized as non-defoliating pathotypes, with moderate to weak virulence. The eggplant isolates were classified into three morphological types or morphotypes, hypha, hypha-sclerotia, and sclerotia; no significant correlations were detected between pathotypes and morphotypes or geographic origins. ISSR fingerprinting indicated genetic diversity among isolates, ranging from 0.26 to 0.69. Specific fingerprint types were not correlated with either pathotype or morphotype. However, ISSR analyses did reveal two clusters in which the isolates in each share the same or neighboring geographic origins.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Solanum melongena/microbiología , Verticillium/genética , China , Dermatoglifia del ADN/métodos , Variación Genética , Geografía , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Salicornia spp is one of the most salt-tolerant vascular plants and is native to salt marshes and estuaries. We developed expressed sequence tag derived-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers for estimating genetic diversity and marker-assisted Salicornia breeding. Six polymorphic EST-SSRs of 40 detected 27 alleles, ranging from three to five alleles per locus. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.33 and 4.17, and the major allele frequency at locus DY529765 was high, being 0.859 and 0.857 in S. bigelovii and S. europea, respectively. Gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were highest at locus DY529950 and similar in these two species. Gene diversity increased with increase in the number of alleles that had a low major allele frequency at a locus. Six polymorphic loci effectively discriminated 46 taxa into three clusters via different analyses. Significant deviation of F(ST) from zero in three suggested populations for six loci indicated population differentiation and limited gene flow among them. A reduced median network established that taxon SB65 is primitive. SMART (simple modular architecture research tool) analysis of peptide sequences of six EST-SSRs showed that loci DY529765, DY529950 and EC906203 contained transmembrane, TLC, AgrB and NTR domains and might be involved in salinity stress tolerance. These EST-SSRs are a valuable resource for marker development and may be useful in marker-assisted Salicornia breeding.
Asunto(s)
Amaranthaceae/genética , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Variación Genética , Alelos , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Genes de Plantas , Heterocigoto , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Eggplant (Solanum melongena), a vegetable that is cultivated worldwide, is of considerable importance to agriculture in China. We analyzed the diversity of this plant using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and RAPD procedures to subdivide 143 Chinese-cultivated eggplants based on coefficient of parentage, genetic diversity index (GDI) and canonical discriminant analysis. ISSR markers were more effective than RAPD markers for detecting genetic diversity, which ranged from 0.10-0.51, slightly lower than what is known from other crops. Our ISSR/RAPD data provide molecular evidence that coincides with morphological-based classification into three varieties and further subdivision into eight groups, except for two groups. Intensive use of elite parents and extensive crossing within groups have resulted in increased coefficient of parentage and proportional contribution but decreased GDI during the past decades. The mean coefficient of parentage and proportional contribution increased from 0.05 to 0.10% and from 3.22 to 6.46% during 1980-1991 and 1992-2003, respectively. The GDI of landraces was 0.21, higher than the 0.09 and 0.08 calculated for the hybrid cultivars released during the two periods. The recent introduction of alien genotypes into eggplant breeding programs may broaden the genetic base.