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We simulate and model diffusion of spherical colloids of radius, a, on spherical surfaces of radius, R, as a function of relative size and surface concentration. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we quantify diffusion and microstructure at different concentrations ranging from single particles to dense crystalline states. Self-diffusion and structural metrics (pair distribution, local density, and topological charge) are indistinguishable between spheres and planes for all concentrations up to dense liquid states. For concentrations approaching and greater than the freezing transition, smaller spheres with higher curvature show increased diffusivities and nonuniform density/topological defect distributions, which differ qualitatively from planar surfaces. The total topological charge varies quadratically with sphere radius for dense liquid states and linearly with sphere radius for dense crystals with icosahedrally organized grain scars. Between the dense liquid and dense crystal states on spherical surfaces is a regime of fluctuating and interacting defect clusters. We show local density governs self-diffusion in dense liquids on flat and spherical surfaces via the pair distribution. In contrast, dynamic topological defects couple to finite diffusivities through freezing and in low density crystal states on spherical surfaces, where neither exist on flat surfaces.
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We report computer simulations of two-dimensional convex hard superellipse particle phases vs. particle shape parameters including aspect ratio, corner curvature, and sidewall curvature. Shapes investigated include disks, ellipses, squares, rectangles, and rhombuses, as well as shapes with non-uniform curvature including rounded squares, rounded rectangles, and rounded rhombuses. Using measures of orientational order, order parameters, and a novel stretched bond orientational order parameter, we systematically identify particle shape properties that determine liquid crystal and crystalline phases including their coarse boundaries and symmetry. We observe phases including isotropic, nematic, tetratic, plastic crystals, square crystals, and hexagonal crystals (including stretched variants). Our results catalog known benchmark shapes, but include new shapes that also interpolate between known shapes. Our results indicate design rules for particle shapes that determine two-dimensional liquid, liquid crystalline, and crystalline microstructures that can be realized via particle assembly.
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The sensorial and chemical differences among Pinot noir wines from different vineyard locations were investigated. Grapes of a single Pinot noir clone were grown on twelve different vineyard sites along the U.S. West Coast. Wines from a single vintage (2015) were made using a standardized protocol and equipment. Sensorial (i.e. aroma, taste, and mouthfeel) and chemical (i.e. polyphenolic and volatile) differences were observed among these wines at two aging time points (8- and 20- months). Vineyard location (i.e. latitude and longitude) was one of the main factors describing the major differences between the wines, while other details (i.e. soil type (60 cm), rootstock age, soil pH, rootstock type, and vines/acres) were possibly important for defining unique aging characteristics of certain vineyards. Overall, single clone Pinot noir grapes grown in different regions but made under standardized winemaking produced wines with unique chemical and sensorial profiles, which generally persisted throughout aging.
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Gusto , Vitis/química , Vitis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vino/análisis , Granjas , Suelo , Estados Unidos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisisRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Our practice policy has been to provide intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) at resection to patients with head-and-neck malignancies considered to be at high risk of recurrence. The purpose of the present study was to review our experience with the use of IORT for primary or recurrent cancer of the parotid gland. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1982 and 2007, 96 patients were treated with gross total resection and IORT for primary or recurrent cancer of the parotid gland. The median age was 62.9 years (range, 14.3-88.1). Of the 96 patients, 33 had previously undergone external beam radiotherapy as a component of definitive therapy. Also, 34 patients had positive margins after surgery, and 40 had perineural invasion. IORT was administered as a single fraction of 15 or 20 Gy with 4-6-MeV electrons. The median follow-up period was 5.6 years. RESULTS: Only 1 patient experienced local recurrence, 19 developed regional recurrence, and 12 distant recurrence. The recurrence-free survival rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 82.0%, 68.5%, and 65.2%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rate after surgery and IORT was 88.4%, 66.1%, and 56.2%, respectively. No perioperative fatalities occurred. Complications developed in 26 patients and included vascular complications in 7, trismus in 6, fistulas in 4, radiation osteonecrosis in 4, flap necrosis in 2, wound dehiscence in 2, and neuropathy in 1. Of these 26 patients, 12 had recurrent disease, and 8 had undergone external beam radiotherapy before IORT. CONCLUSIONS: IORT results in effective local disease control at acceptable levels of toxicity and should be considered for patients with primary or recurrent cancer of the parotid gland.
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Cuidados Intraoperatorios/métodos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Parótida/radioterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Instituciones Oncológicas , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Indiana , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasia Residual , Órganos en Riesgo/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias de la Parótida/patología , Neoplasias de la Parótida/cirugía , Traumatismos por Radiación/complicaciones , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to review our experience with the use of IORT for patients with advanced cervical metastasis. METHODS: Between August 1982 and July 2007, 231 patients underwent neck dissections as part of initial therapy or as salvage treatment for advanced cervical node metastases resulting from head and neck malignancies. IORT was administered as a single fraction to a dose of 15 Gy or 20 Gy in most pts. The majority was treated with 5 MeV electrons (112 pts, 50.5%). RESULTS: 1, 3, and 5 years overall survival (OS) after surgery + IORT was 58%, 34%, and 26%, respectively. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 66%, 55%, and 49%, respectively. Disease recurrence was documented in 83 (42.8%) pts. The majority of recurrences were regional (38 pts), as compared to local recurrence in 20 pts and distant failures in 25 pts. There were no perioperative fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: IORT results in effective local disease control at acceptable levels of toxicity. Our results support the initiation of a phase III trial comparing outcomes for patients with cervical metastasis treated with or without IORT.
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Terapia Combinada/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Humanos , Periodo Intraoperatorio , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In the CT26 BALB/c murine model of colorectal carcinoma, depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) prior to tumor inoculation results in protective immunity to both CT26 and other BALB/c-derived tumors of diverse histological origin. In this paper, we show that cross-protection can be conferred by adoptively transferred CD8(+) CTLs. Other schedules for inducing immunity to CT26 have been described, but they do not lead to cross-protection. We show that Treg ablation facilitates the development of new CTL specificities that are normally cryptic, and have mapped the root epitope of one of these responses. This work has allowed us to demonstrate how the specificity of CTL responses to tumor Ags can be controlled via differential suppression of CTL specificities by Tregs, and how this can result in very different physiological outcomes.
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Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Neoplasias Experimentales/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Traslado Adoptivo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Reacciones Cruzadas , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This paper describes a successful approach to de-identification that was developed to participate in a recent AMIA-sponsored challenge evaluation. METHOD: Our approach focused on rapid adaptation of existing toolkits for named entity recognition using two existing toolkits, Carafe and LingPipe. RESULTS: The "out of the box" Carafe system achieved a very good score (phrase F-measure of 0.9664) with only four hours of work to adapt it to the de-identification task. With further tuning, we were able to reduce the token-level error term by over 36% through task-specific feature engineering and the introduction of a lexicon, achieving a phrase F-measure of 0.9736. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to achieve good performance on the de-identification task by the rapid retargeting of existing toolkits. For the Carafe system, we developed a method for tuning the balance of recall vs. precision, as well as a confidence score that correlated well with the measured F-score.