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OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the effects of caffeine consumption and sleep on post-spinal headache after spinal anesthesia. BACKGROUND: Post-spinal headache is among the most well-known and common complications of spinal anesthesia. Although caffeine consumption is recommended to prevent headache after spinal anesthesia, caffeine does not prevent headache and causes sleep-related problems. No study in the literature found a correlation between sleep and caffeine consumption after spinal anesthesia and post-spinal headache. METHODS: The research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study sample comprised 425 patients who underwent elective surgery in a research hospital. The research data were collected by face-to-face interviews between April 2021 and December 2023. The "Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form," "Richard-Campbell Sleep Scale," "Insomnia Severity Index," and "Visual Analog Scale" were used in data collection. Factors affecting post-spinal headache were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: According to the binary logistic regression, the insomnia severity score (OR = 1.234; p < .001), sleep quality score (OR = .992; p < .01), postoperative sleep duration (OR = .619; p < .05), and not consuming coffee (OR = .035; p < .001) are statistically significant predictors of post-spinal headache and explain 57.7% of the variance. A one-unit increase in patients' insomnia severity increased the probability of experiencing a post-spinal headache by 23.4%. With a one-unit increase in sleep quality, there was an 8% decrease in the probability of experiencing spinal headache, and a 3.81% decrease in the probability of experiencing post-spinal headache with an increase in sleep duration after surgery. The probability of experiencing post-spinal headache was 0.35 times higher in individuals who did not consume caffeine after surgery than in those who consumed it. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that insomnia severity and sleep quality were more effective than caffeine consumption in preventing post-spinal headache. Insomnia and decreased sleep quality may cause a significant burden in developing post-spinal headache in patients and may cause post-spinal headache to be observed more frequently. Therefore, the use of caffeine in preventing or reducing post-spinal headache may adversely affect the duration and quality of sleep and increase the severity of insomnia.

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PURPOSE: No studies have investigated the effect of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) on the surgical fears and anxieties of patients before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to determine the effect of EFT on patients' surgical fears and anxieties before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: The research was conducted using a pretest, post-test, and randomized controlled experimental research design. METHODS: A total of 112 patients (56 in the intervention group and 56 in the control group) were included in the study. While routine care and treatment practices were applied to the control group, EFT was applied to the intervention group. A Patient Information Form, an Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire, a Surgical Fear Questionnaire, and Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUD) were used to collect the research data. FINDINGS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of descriptive and clinical features (P > .05). The post-test score averages of EFT group in the Surgical Fear Questionnaire, Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire, and SUD were significantly lower than in the control group (P < .001). The EFT significantly reduced the SUD scores of the patients by 54.4% (η2 = 0.544, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: EFT was found to be useful in clinical practice in the preoperative period, reducing surgery-specific anxiety and surgical fear. EFT can be recommended for application during the preoperative period in clinics.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the education provided to patients who would undergo mastectomy on psychological well-being and quality of recovery. DESIGN: The study had a randomized controlled trial design. METHODS: The study was completed with 62 patients (30 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group). The experimental group received education the day before the operation, and the applications were made 3 days after the operation. A questionnaire form, the psychological well-being scale, and the quality of recovery questionnaire-40 (QoR-40) were used to collect the study data. FINDINGS: The mean total score of the final measurement of the psychological well-being scale was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference between the final measurement total score average of QoR-40 and the final measurement point average of the subdimensions of the patients in the experimental and control groups was measured. The difference was statistically significant and the mean score of the experimental group was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Education can increase the level of psychological well-being and quality of recovery in patients who undergo mastectomy. Physiological and psychological education can be used as a tool in nursing practice to improve the level of psychological well-being and quality of recovery in postoperative patients.

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PURPOSE: The present research was carried out to determine the impact of informing patients who would undergo a colonoscopy via short messaging service (SMS) on the procedure quality and satisfaction. DESIGN: The study was designed as a randomized controlled experimental and single-blind. METHODS: The study was completed with 170 patients (87 in the control group and 83 in the intervention group). Verbal and written information about bowel preparation was provided to all patients at the first appointment. Additionally, a total of nine informative SMS, including the time of colonoscopy, dietary restrictions to be followed, purgative drugs to be used, and the time of taking the drugs, were sent to the patients in the intervention group starting 2 days before the procedure. Data were collected using a patient questionnaire, Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), and postcolonoscopy follow-up form. FINDINGS: The mean score of each colon segment and the total BBPS mean score of the patients in the intervention group were higher compared to the control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant. The percentage of patients with adequate bowel preparation was significantly higher in the intervention group (84.3%) in comparison with the control group (71.3%). The intervention group had high compliance with a clear diet, enema application, and oral medication intake (P < .05). The cecum was reached in 85.5% of the intervention group. The majority of the patients (89.2%) in the intervention group reported that the information provided via SMS was adequate, and 91.6% were satisfied with the information provided by SMS. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that, in addition to written and verbal information provided before colonoscopy, SMS information positively impacts the quality of patients' bowel preparation, increases their compliance with the preparation instructions, the rate of reaching the cecum, and their satisfaction. Patient education with this practice can help ensure adequate bowel preparation quality and increase patient comfort in the colonoscopy procedure.

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AIM: The study aimed to determine the pain, sleep disturbance, and smoking among patients with Covid-19 who were presented to emergency departments. METHOD: This descriptive research was conducted between November 2020 and December 2021. The study population comprised 400 patients with COVID-19 who were presented to emergency departments at Ataturk University Research Hospital and Erzurum City Hospital and who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected by the researcher via face-to-face interviews. Personal Information Form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Insomnia Severity Index, and McGill Pain Scale Short Form were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were presented as number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Parametric and nonparametric methods (t-test, Kruskal-Wallis Variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to compare variables between the groups. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant authority prior to data collection and oral consent was obtained from all patients. RESULTS: It was determined that 52.5% of the patients were smokers; 24% of the smokers reported a decrease in smoking after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Nicotine addiction was found to be higher in men, tradesmen, and patients aged 55-64 years. McGill pain scale emotional sub-dimension scores were higher in women, whereas the sensory sub-dimension scores were higher in married patients. McGill pain scale total scores were higher in women, unemployed patients, and those with chronic diseases. Insomnia severity index was higher in women, smokers, and patients in the age group of 65-75 years. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, pain, smoking, and sleep disorders in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were affected by socio-demographic characteristics.

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Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most common bariatric surgical methods used in obesity treatment. As in every surgical operation, patients may face problems after the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. No study has been found in our country to investigate the effect of animation education applied to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients on patient care results. This study investigated the effect of animation education developed for respiratory rehabilitation among sleeve gastrectomy patients on patient care results. This is a randomized controlled study. A total of 66 patients who were going to have sleeve gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups each including 33 participants. The intervention group was provided with animation education. The control group received routine face-to-face education. Postoperative risk of respiratory complications, presence of dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting, frequency of postoperative respiratory exercises, and satisfaction with postoperative respiratory education were examined. Patients' pain and sleep quality were examined 1 day before the surgery and on the postoperative first and fifth days. The mean postoperative fifth-day pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The mean sleep score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The early postoperative problems were less in the experimental group and all patients were satisfied with the animated respiratory education. The animation education developed for respiratory rehabilitation among sleeve gastrectomy patients promoted patient care results. Bariatric surgery nurses can use animation as an innovative education method to increase participation of patients who undergo sleeve gastrectomy surgery in health education and to improve patient care results.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors predictive of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. METHODS: In total, 172 patients completed the study. "The Questionnaire Form," "Visual Analog Scale," "Nausea Scale," and "Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire" created by the researchers were used for data collection. FINDINGS: At the second postoperative hour, 55.8% of the patients had nausea, 20.3% had vomiting and 75% had severe pain. The severity of nausea, vomiting, and pain decreased with time. Age, gender, smoking, motion sickness, postoperative pain, opioid use, preoperative fasting time, time of first postoperative fluid intake and preoperative anxiety score were found to be among the factors predictive of PONV (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: High rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded.  The factors predictive of PONV can be evaluated in the preoperative period, and PONV can be controlled with early interventions and treatment of patients in the risk group.

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PURPOSE: This study aims to develop the Perioperative Privacy Scale and test its validity and reliability. DESIGN: This is a methodological study. METHODS: This study was conducted with 298 patients who were hospitalized in surgical clinics in a university hospital, met the inclusion criteria, and agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using a personal information form and the Perioperative Privacy Scale developed by the researchers. This methodological study was conducted between August 2019 and March 2020. The items of the scale were determined after a literature review and qualitative interviews with the patients. The draft version created to test the scale's content and face validity was reviewed by 11 experts (faculty members). Six items were omitted from the 37-item pool and revisions were made based on the experts' opinions and recommendations. Data analysis was conducted using the content validity index specially for content validity, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for construct validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, Spearman Brown, and Guttman's coefficients. FINDINGS: The content validity index of the 16-item scale was 0.87. The scale explained 63.37% of the total variance and consists of 3 subscales. The scale's Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.89, Bartlett's test was χ2 = 3834.2 (P < .05), and Anti-Image Correlation was between 0.74 and 0.97. The goodness of fit values showed that the scale was acceptable. Items and subscales were related with the scale and a three-factor structure was confirmed. Spearman-Brown was 0.87, Guttman Split-Half was 0.87, and Cronbach Alpha was 0.92 for the entire scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Perioperative Privacy Scale is a short scale consisting of 16 items. It can be used in descriptive and experimental studies to assess the thoughts of inpatients in surgical clinics regarding privacy.

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the relationship of nurses' psychological well-being with their coronaphobia and work-life balance during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a global life-threatening disease. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects nurses' mental health. No studies have been conducted to determine the factors that affect nurses' psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. If nurses' psychological well-being is impaired during the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of nursing care and the nurses' performance may be negatively affected. DESIGN: This is a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline checklist for cross-sectional studies was used for reporting in this study. METHODS: The study population consisted of the nurses working in a Health Application and Research Center in Turkey. Data were collected using Google forms between June-August 2020. The study sample consisted of 295 nurses who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and used social media tools. The data were collected using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), the Work-Life Balance (WLB) Scale and the Psychological Well-Being (PWB) Scale. The factors that affect psychological well-being were determined using the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The nurses' work-life balance and psychological well-being were negatively affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their COVID-19 phobia was mild-to-moderate level. The nurses' psychological well-being was significantly affected by the variable of neglecting life the most, followed by coronaphobia and work-life balance, which explain 75% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that coronaphobia experienced by nurses and work-life balance was related to their psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Managers should take measures (regulating the working hours) to decrease nurses' COVID-19 phobia (education, counselling or psychotherapy) and work-life imbalance. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses' peers, managers and organisations need to take into account nurses' negative emotions and behaviours and organise training programmes to help them overcome their fears, communicate clearly and provide for their basic needs. Organisations, including managers and nurses, must recognise the distress being experienced by their nurses and create safe environments in which to have significant conversations. Nurses' mental health can be screened regularly by multidisciplinary teams, psychological support can be provided when required, and working hours can be regulated through appropriate shifts and breaks that will ensure work-life balance during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses receiving emotional support from their families and friends (via chatting and sharing troubles) can also contribute positively. These measures and regulations will positively affect nurses' psychological well-being and contribute to an increase in the quality of care and nurses' performance.

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OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine sexual dysfunction in patients after double-J catheterisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted in a research and training hospital from June 2020 to February 2021. The data were collected from patients who visited the emergency clinic and were hospitalised in the urology clinic because of renal calculi. The study was completed with 192 patients. The data were collected using a patient introductory form, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and the 5-item Turkish version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Then data were collected before double-J catheterisation, 1 month after catheterisation and a month after the catheter was removed. The data were evaluated using means, numbers, percentile distributions and the paired samples t test. RESULTS: The patients' sexual function was negatively affected by double-J catheterisation, and this negative effect persisted for a month after removal of the double-J catheter. The differences in the patients' mean IIEF scores and sub-dimension scores before and after double-J catheterisation were statistically significant (P Ë‚ 0.001). A month after the double-J catheter was removed, the difference between their mean IIEF-5 scores was statistically significant (P Ë‚ 0.001). No erectile dysfunction was found in 50.0% of the patients before double-J catheterisation. A month after the catheter was removed, erectile dysfunction was found at different levels in 88% of the patients, and severe erectile dysfunction was found in 60.9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: This study found that double-J catheterisation negatively affects patients' sexual function. Patients experience sexual dysfunction while the double-J catheter is in place and for a month after it is removed.

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AIM: This study aimed to determine the effects of an early mobilization protocol performed in patients who underwent cardiac surgery on post-operative outcomes. BACKGROUND: Post-operative complications are common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Early mobilization is recommended for patients who undergo cardiac surgery to prevent complications and achieve successful outcomes in post-operative care. DESIGN: The study design was quasi-experimental with a control group. METHODS: Participants were patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January and October 2015. The study included 102 patients (51 patients each in the experimental and control groups). The introductory characteristics form, the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), duration of hospital stay (post-operatively), and development of a post-operative late complications form were used to collect data. RESULTS: The study results revealed that patients in the experimental group had better improvement in RCSQ scores, shorter duration of hospitalization, and fewer late complications after surgery than patients in the control group. CONCLUSION: Early mobilization is feasible in adult cardiac surgery patients and has significant benefits. More research is recommended into the effectiveness of early mobilization in different patient groups.

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PURPOSE: Although burnout occurs in almost all occupational groups, it is mostly observed in professions requiring face-to-face relationships with people, especially among health care workers who deal constantly with problems and expectations of people. DESIGN: The objective of this study was to determine the burnout levels of nurses working in surgical clinics in two countries. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted between June and September 2013. The study's population consisted of 179 nurses working in the surgical clinics of Ataturk University Research Hospital and Iran Urmiyili Shahidmotahari University Hospital. A questionnaire involving descriptive characteristics of nurses and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to collect the data. FINDINGS: Nurses working in Turkey had higher mean scores of "emotional exhaustion" and "depersonalization," and a higher mean composite score. Nurses working in Iran had higher mean scores of the subscale "personal accomplishment." Although there was a statistically significant difference between both countries in terms of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (P < .05), there was no statistically significant difference between them in terms of mean score of depersonalization and total mean composite score of the inventory (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses working in Turkey experienced more emotional exhaustion and less personal accomplishment compared with nurses working in Iran. In line with this result, improvements in their work environment and conditions are recommended to provide organizational support by fostering job satisfaction, preventing exhaustion by arranging shifts based on workload, and offering psychological counseling services to employees.

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was to determine the effect of preoperative patient training on the concern level of patients who would be undergoing cataract surgery. BACKGROUND: Cataract is one of the main causes of blindness in the world. Cataract surgery is located among the quite frequently performed surgeries today. DESIGN: This study was an experimental study. METHODS: The subject pool for this research consisted of patients admitted to the Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty Hospital Ophthalmology Department for cataract surgery. The sampling consisted of volunteers who were able to communicate and were deemed suitable patients within the limitations of this study (a total of 100 patients; control group = 50, experimental group = 50). Patient identification forms and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory I-II scale were used as data collection tools. RESULTS: The mean State Trait Anxiety Inventory pretest score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean final test score (53·30 ± 7·02 and 27·54 ± 3·25, respectively, p < 0·05). The mean State Trait Anxiety Inventory pretest score of the control group was 53·82 ± 7·42 and the mean final test score was 49·22 ± 13·17; there was no significant difference between these average scores (p > 0·05). However, the mean final test scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different (p < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS: In the experimental group in this study, informative, educational and planned nursing care had a significant impact on anxiety levels in patients who had cataract surgery. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Although it is not implemented in most hospitals, and implementation in some hospitals is unplanned, systematically planned preoperative education should take place as part of standard nursing practices.

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