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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adolescent obesity is rising in all parts of the world, but only very few studies have considered factors influencing obesity among Nigerian adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its association with sociodemographic profile, lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, and physical activity patterns among in-school adolescents in Southwest Nigeria. METHODS: A total sample size of 400 in-school adolescents were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique from secondary schools in Ile-Ife. The dietary patterns were assessed using a 92-item FFQ, while the activity patterns were assessed using the physical activity questionnaire for older children and adolescents. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS. RESULTS: There were 211 (52.8%) males and 189 (47.3%) females, with mean ages of 14.8 ± 2.1 and 14.4 ± 1.9 years, respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%. The associated factors were age, sex, class, the number of children in the family, birth orders and the dietary pattern dominated by starchy foods, roots and tubers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was relatively high among the respondents. It was associated with age, the number of children in the family, and adolescents' birth order. WAJM 2022; 39(2): 119-126.

CONTEXTE: La prévalence de l'obésité chez les adolescents augmente dans toutes les régions du monde, mais très peu d'études ont facteurs considérés comme influençant l'obésité chez les adolescents Nigérians. Par conséquent, cette étude visait à déterminer le prévalence de l'obésité et son association avec le profil sociodémographique, les facteurs de style de vie, les habitudes alimentaires et les habitudes d'activité physique chez les adolescents scolarisés dans Sud-ouest du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Un échantillon total de 400 adolescents scolarisés ont été sélectionnés par une technique d'échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes à partir de écoles secondaires d'Ile-Ife. Les habitudes alimentaires ont été évaluées à l'aide d'un questionnaire FFQ de 92 items, tandis que les habitudes d'activité ont été évaluées à l'aide du questionnaire sur l'activité physique pour les enfants plus âgés et les adolescents. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide d'IBM SPSS. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait 211 hommes (52.8 %) et 189 hommes (47.3 %) femelles, avec des âges moyens de 14.8 ± 2.1 et 14.4 ±1.9 ans, respectivement. La prévalence du surpoids / obésité était de 12.8%. Les facteurs associés étaient l'âge, le sexe, la classe, le nombre de enfants dans la famille, ordres de naissance et régime alimentaire dominé par les féculents, les racines et les tubercules (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: La prévalence du surpoids / de l'obésité était relativement élevé parmi les répondants. Il était associé à l'âge, le nombre d'enfants dans la famille et l'ordre de naissance des adolescents.

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Today, hundreds of studies on mathematics learning have been found in various literature, supported by the use of GeoGebra software. This meta-analysis aims to determine the overall effect of using GeoGebra software and the extent to which study characteristics moderate the study effect sizes to consider the implications later. This study analyzed 36 effect sizes from 29 primary studies identified from ERIC documents, Sage Publishing, Google Scholar, and repositories from 2010 to 2020, and a total of 2111 students. In order to support calculation accuracy, a Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) software was used. The effect size is determined using the Hedges equation, with an acceptable confidence level of 95%. It is known that the overall effect size of using GeoGebra software on the mathematical abilities of students is 0.96 based on the estimation of the random-effect model, and the standard error is 0.08. These findings indicate that, on average, students exposed to GeoGebra-based learning outperformed math abilities, which was initially equivalent to 82% of students in traditional classrooms. This study considers the five characteristics of the study. It showed that the GeoGebra software used was more effective in sample conditions less than or equal to 30. Providing classrooms with sufficient numbers of computers allowed students to use them individually, which was necessary to achieve a higher level of effectiveness. GeoGebra software is more effective when the treatment duration is set to less than or equal to four weeks. These findings help educators consider the characteristics of studies that moderate effect sizes using the GeoGebra software in the future.

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Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are experiencing rising burdens of overweight/obesity and associated non-communicable diseases. As in other developing regions, this epidemiological transition in African countries is believed to be resulting from changes in dietary, sociodemographic structure and lifestyle factors. To date, not much is known about the prevalence and sociodemographic patterns of overweight/obesity in Uganda, especially among women of reproductive age. Therefore, this study aimed to address this research gap by using nationally representative data on women of this age group in Uganda. METHODS: This study involved analysis of cross-sectional data on 19,395 women aged between 15 and 49 years from Uganda Demographic and Health Survey for the years 1995-2016. Overweight/obesity was measured using body mass index as per World Health Organization guidelines, and logistic regression methods were used to identify the sociodemographic predictors. RESULTS: There has a been significant rise in the prevalence of overweight (9.77% in 1995 vs. 16.21% in 2016) and obesity (1.99% in 1995 vs. 6.21% in 2016) since the first survey in 1995, with the most noticeable increase occurring in the central region that accounted for a combined prevalence of 17.22% in 1995 compared with 37. 21% in 2016. Multivariate analysis showed an increased likelihood of having overweight/obesity among women who live in the urban areas, have primary and above primary education, from non-poor households and users of radio and TV. CONCLUSION: During the last two decades, there has been a slow but steady rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Uganda. The present findings highlight the need for an enhanced attention on growing overweight/obesity within the broader goal improving maternal and child health in the country.

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But. Décrire les expériences visuelles des patients au cours de la chirurgie de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire. Patients et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale pendant une période d'un mois au CHU-IOTA (Bamako). Étaient inclus les adultes opérés de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire sans sédation. Les patients étaient interrogés 1 à 4 heures après l'intervention sur les sensations visuelles de l'œil opéré, durant la chirurgie. Résultats. Deux cent sept (207) patients (105 hommes et 102 femmes) ont été retenus. Leur âge moyen était de 62,94 ans ± 12,5. L'acuité visuelle préopératoire des patients était comprise entre 1/10 et la perception lumineuse. Cent cinquante-huit (76,3%) patients ont rapporté des phénomènes visuels observés pendant l'intervention. Il s'agissait de la lumière (rapportée par 76,3% de patients), des couleurs (31,9%), des instruments (22,7%), des doigts du chirurgien (25,1%), de l'eau (27,1%) et des mouvements vagues (19,8%). Parmi eux, 38% étaient effrayés par ces sensations visuelles. Conclusion. Plus de trois-quarts de patients ont des expériences visuelles au cours de la chirurgie de la cataracte sous anesthésie péribulbaire. Certains sont effrayés par ces phénomènes visuels. Il est important de faire un counseling préopératoire approprié afin de réduire le stress des patients

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BACKGROUND: New direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C genotype 1 infection, boceprevir and telaprevir, offer enhanced sustained virologic response (SVR) among both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients. AIM: To determine the relative efficacy of the new direct-acting antiviral agents by applying a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis. DESIGN: We included published Phase II and III randomized controlled trials evaluating head-to-head comparisons between boceprevir, telaprevir, peg-interferon alpha-2a with ribavirin and peg-interferon alpha-2b with ribavirin in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. We applied Bayesian multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included data from four boceprevir, three telaprevir and six peg-interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin vs. peg-interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin randomized controlled trials. Both boceprevir and telaprevir offer statistically superior outcomes for SVR, relapse and discontinuation due to adverse events than either peg-interferons among both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients. Among treatment-naïve patients, clinical outcomes were similar for boceprevir and telaprevir, for SVR [odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% credible interval (95% CrI) 0.41-1.91] and for relapse (OR 1.09, 95% CrI 0.19-4.84). Similarly, among treatment-experienced patients, clinical outcomes were similar for boceprevir and telaprevir and for SVR (OR 1.45, 95% CrI 0.70-3.08) and for relapse (OR 0.35, 95% CrI 0.13-1.02). For treatment-naïve patients receiving standard-duration therapy, telaprevir yielded lower rates of anemia and neutropenia, but higher rates of rash and pruritus. For treatment-experience patients, all adverse event rates were higher with telaprevir. DISCUSSION: Boceprevir and telaprevir exhibit similar effects among hepatitis C genotype 1 treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients.

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OBJECTIVES: To detect prostate cancer in young black men and compare our results with those of western studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective multicenter study from February 2008 to May 2009 on 220 men aged 40 to 49 years. All patients with an abnormal prostate suspicious of cancer and/or a PSA greater than 2.5 ng/ml had a prostate biopsy. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 44.99 years. The mean PSA was 26.62 ng/ml and ranged from 0.3 to 5600 ng/ml, with a median PSA of 0.88 ng/ml. Eleven patients had a PSA greater than 2.5 ng/ml and three had abnormal prostates suspicious of cancer. Twelve patients had a prostate biopsy. Histologic studies of the specimens found one case of prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason 4+4) and two cases of high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), all within the 46 to 50 years age group. CONCLUSION: Due to the absence of prostate cancer within the 40 to 45 years age group, we would not recommend the screening of prostate cancer within this age group. This is only a preliminary study, and should be completed with the search for familial forms of prostate cancer. Also, a regular follow-up of patients already presenting with PSA greater than 2.5 ng/ml or HGPIN should be considered.

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The technological innovations of this past century have shattered the underpinnings of the traditional medical practice and require the opening of new theoretical reflections to take the changes these innovations have introduced into consideration. While it is undeniable that telemedicine contributed to the improvement of the prevention, diagnostic and treatment of disease, as well as the access to health care, it must be underlined that the enthusiasm and the infatuation it arouses hide a sad reality. Indeed, it is not enough that things are technically possible and medically desirable to be simple. Telemedicine faces, as do most other radical technological innovations, cultural, structural, economical, organizational and legal obstacles that undermine its full deployment.

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