RESUMEN

In order to discover new meta-diamide compounds with good activity and novel structure, 15 related compounds were designed and synthesized by the bioisosterism principle with cyproflanilide as the lead compound. The insecticidal activities of these compounds against Plutella xylostella and Tetranychus cinnabarinus were tested, and the results of biological activity test showed that some compounds had more than 90 % insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella at 1 mg/L and Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 100 mg/L. Especially, N-(2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-(perfluoro propan-2-yl)phenyl)-6-(isonicotinamido)picolinamide against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 10 mg/L was 100 %, which was better than that of cyproflanilide. Molecular docking studies suggested that N-(2-bromo-6-(difluoromethoxy)-4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)-6-(4-cyano-2-methylbenzamido)picolinamide had a closely combined with the Plutella xylostella 3RHW (a glutamate-gated chloride channel). This study provides an avenue for designing and synthesizing a new generation of more effective pesticides.

Asunto(s)

Diseño de Fármacos , Insecticidas , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Mariposas Nocturnas , Piridinas , Tetranychidae , Insecticidas/síntesis química , Insecticidas/química , Insecticidas/farmacología , Animales , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/farmacología , Piridinas/síntesis química , Mariposas Nocturnas/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tetranychidae/efectos de los fármacos , Diamida/farmacología , Diamida/química , Diamida/síntesis química , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

Genomic prediction of nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) has not previously been studied in perennial grass species exposed to low-N stress. Here, we conducted a genomic prediction of physiological traits and NUE in 184 global accessions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in response to a normal (7.5 mM) and low (0.75 mM) supply of N. After 21 d of treatment under greenhouse conditions, significant variations in plant height increment (ΔHT), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), chlorophyll index (Chl), chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf N and carbon (C) contents, C/N ratio, and NUE were observed in accessions , but to a greater extent under low-N stress. Six genomic prediction models were applied to the data, namely the Bayesian method Bayes C, Bayesian LASSO, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Ridge Regression-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces, and randomForest. These models produced similar prediction accuracy of traits within the normal or low-N treatments, but the accuracy differed between the two treatments. ΔHT, LFW, LDW, and C were predicted slightly better under normal N with a mean Pearson r-value of 0.26, compared with r=0.22 under low N, while the prediction accuracies for Chl, N, C/N, and NUE were significantly improved under low-N stress with a mean r=0.45, compared with r=0.26 under normal N. The population panel contained three population structures, which generally had no effect on prediction accuracy. The moderate prediction accuracies obtained for N, C, and NUE under low-N stress are promising, and suggest a feasible means by which germplasm might be initially assessed for further detailed studies in breeding programs.

Asunto(s)

Lolium , Teorema de Bayes , Genómica , Lolium/genética , Nitrógeno , Fitomejoramiento

RESUMEN

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, offers a wide range of pharmacological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. The oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing curcumin were obtained by high pressure homogenization and effects of various emulsifiers (Tween-80, lecithin, whey protein isolate and acacia) and different surfactant-to-oil ratios (SOR) on physicochemical characteristics, physical stability and storage stability of curcumin loaded nanoemulsions were evaluated in this study. The result showed that smaller particle size, better physical and storage stabilities and higher curcumin content were found in curcumin loaded nanoemulsions stabilized with Tween-80 and lecithin. Compared with nanoemulsions prepared with lecithin, nanoemulsions fabricated with Tween-80 exhibited better uniformity and distribution as demonstrated by microscopic observations. It was found that SOR was positively correlated with particle size but negatively correlated with curcumin content in the emulsion droplets. Neither the emulsifier nor SOR values were found to have significant effects on zeta-potentials of the droplets. This result implied that curcumin loaded nanoemulsions prepared with Tween-80 and higher SOR values helped curcumin to achieve better physical stability and storage stability.