RESUMEN
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its internal medicine treatments are mostly single/few-target chemical drugs. Long-term use of cardiovascular drugs for complex chronic diseases may lead to serious adverse drug reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat heart diseases for thousands of years, helping to ease symptoms and prolong patients' lifespan in ancient China. TCM has the pharmacological characteristics of being multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, and the combined application of TCM and western medicine can be an alternative treatment for chronic and intractable diseases with high safety levels. This article reviewed the interactions and synergistic effect of TCM and cardiovascular drugs. In the treatment of arrhythmia, TCM combined with western medicine can more effectively regulate patients' cardiac electrophysiological characteristics, reduce the onsets of premature beat and heart rate variability, lower the levels of QT interval dispersion and serum inflammatory factors, alleviate clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes, and improve cardiac function with good safety levels. In the treatment of hypertension, integrative medicine can more steadily reduce blood pressure and levels of serum inflammatory factors and improve hemodynamic indexes and exercise tolerance, and it has high safety levels, especially for pregnant women. As for coronary heart disease, the combination of TCM and antiplatelet drugs may promote the absorption of each other. However, the interaction risk of pharmacokinetic mechanism between them is low at the dose of efficacy. Integrative medicine can reduce the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, delay cardiac remodeling and improve heart function and quality of life for patients with heart failure with high safety levels.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Cardiovasculares , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Medicina Tradicional China , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacocinética , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efectos adversos , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/efectos adversos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacocinética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Interacciones de Hierba-Droga , Animales , Interacciones FarmacológicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound with pharmacological effects such as vasodilation and hypolipidemia. Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the active ingredients of TSD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of PF in herbal extracts and their purified forms in rats. METHOD: A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method for the determination of PF in rat plasma was developed. Rats were divided into three groups, and given PF solution, water extract of white peony root (WPR), or TSD by gavage. At different predetermined timepoints after gavage, blood was collected from the orbital vein. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PF in the plasma of rats in the three groups was determined. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) of PF in the purified forms group was relatively high, while the half-lives (T½) of PF in the TSD and WPR groups were longer. Among the three groups, PF in the purified forms group had the maximum area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t = 732.997 µg/L·h) and the largest maximum concentration (Cmax = 313.460 µg/L), which showed a significant difference compared with the TSD group (P < 0.05). Compared with the purified group, the clearance (CLz/F = 86.004 L/h/kg) and the apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F = 254.787 L/kg) of PF in the TSD group increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A highly specific, sensitive, and rapid HPLC-MS-MS method was developed and applied for the determination of PF in rat plasma. It was found that TSD and WPR can prolong the action time of paeoniflorin in the body.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Ratas , Animales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Administración OralRESUMEN
The association between the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) gene rs4810479 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid levels is largely unknown. This investigation aimed to evaluate the relationship between the PLTP rs4810479 SNP, several environmental risk factors, and serum lipid parameters in the Chinese Maonan and Han nationalities. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, gel electrophoresis, and direct sequencing were employed to determine the PLTP rs4810479 genotypes in 633 Maonan and 646 Han participants. The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes and the C allele were different between Maonan and Han groups (29.07%, 53.08%, 17.85%, and 55.61% vs. 35.60%, 49.70%, 14.70%, and 60.45%, respectively, P < 0.05). The C allele carriers in the Maonan group had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the C allele noncarriers, but this finding was only found in Maonan males but not in females. The C allele carriers in Han males had lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the C allele noncarriers. Serum lipid profiles were also affected by several traditional cardiovascular risk factors in both populations. There might be an ethnic- and/or sex-specific association between the PLTP rs4810479 SNP and serum lipid traits.
Asunto(s)
Lípidos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , China , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genéticaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The traditional Chinese medicine formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) has been reported to show therapeutic effect on alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aims to investigate the relation between DSS treatment of AD and DHA metabolism and evaluates its neuroprotective effect on cognitive in APP/PS1 mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DSS (1.6, 3.2, 6.4 g/kg/day) or Aricept (3 mg/kg/day) was orally administered (i.g.) to APP/PS1 mice, and saline was orally administered to Wild-type (WT) male mice as control group. Then, the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, open filed test and fear conditioning test were conducted for evaluation of learning and memory abilities. The DHA content was assessed by HPLC-MS/MS. Physiological indices were determined, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ROS level, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), PEG2, TXB2 and LTB4. The expressions of COX-1, COX-2, cPLA2, iPLA2, 15-LOX, and were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: APP/PS1 mice showed serious cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. However, treatment of DSS extract significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice. Biochemical measurements showed the increases in TG, TC, LDL-c and the decrease in HDL-c in APP/PS1 mice compared with WT mice, and DSS extract significantly retarded these changes. Low content of DHA, low expression of iPLA2 and 15-LOX were observed both in hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, while DSS extract significantly restored these changes. Additionally, the abnormal activity of SOD and ROS level, the decreased levels of MDA and GSH were observed in APP/PS1 mice, while DSS extract prominently lessened these changes. Moreover, DSS extract decreased the level of PEG2, TXB2 and LTB4 and also attenuated the expression of cPLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 in hippocampus as well as cortex of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we suggest that DSS play a positive effective role in increasing DHA content by up-regulating iPLA2 and 15-LOX, resulting in ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and finally ameliorating cognition deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Trastornos del Conocimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide , Animales , Araquidonato 15-Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Trastornos del Conocimiento/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Fosfolipasas A2 Grupo VI/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Oligopéptidos , Tromboxano B2/metabolismoRESUMEN
The apolipoprotein (Apo) B gene (APOB) is a susceptible gene for dyslipidemia. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between the APOB rs1042034 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid levels in the Maonan and Han populations. A total of 598 Maonan participants and 609 Han participants were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the genotypes were also verified by sequencing. There were no differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the 2 ethnic groups or between males and females. The levels of triglyceride (TG) in Maonans were higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the A allele carriers than the A allele noncarriers; the A allele carriers in Hans had higher TG levels and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio than the A allele noncarriers (P < .05 for all). Subgroup analysis showed that the A allele carriers in Maonan females had higher TG levels and the A allele carriers in Han females had higher TG levels and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio than the A allele noncarriers (P < .05 for all). In our study populations, there may be ethnicity- and/or sex-specific associations between the APOB rs1042034 SNP and serum lipid levels.
Asunto(s)
Apolipoproteínas B/genética , Lípidos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China , Etnicidad , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Acute alcohol exposure induces unconscious condition such as coma whose main physical manifestation is the loss of righting reflex (LORR). Xingnaojing Injection (XNJI), which came from Chinese classic formula An Gong Niu Huang Pill, is widely used for consciousness disorders in China, such as coma. Although XNJI efficiently shortened the duration of LORR induced by acute ethanol, it remains unknown how XNJI acts on ethanol-induced coma (EIC). We performed experiments to examine the effects of XNJI on orexin and adenosine (AD) signaling in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in EIC rats. Results showed that XNJI reduced the duration of LORR, which implied that XNJI promotes recovery form coma. Microdialysis data indicated that acute ethanol significantly increased AD release in the LHA but had no effect on orexin A levels. The qPCR results displayed a significant reduction in the Orexin-1 receptors (OX1R) expression with a concomitant increase in the A1 receptor (A1R) and equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1) expression in EIC rats. In contrast, XNJI reduced the extracellular AD levels but orexin A levels remained unaffected. XNJI also counteracted the downregulation of the OX1R expression and upregulation of A1R and ENT1 expression caused by EIC. As for ADK expression, XNJI but not ethanol, displayed an upregulation in the LHA in EIC rats. Based on these results, we suggest that XNJI promotes arousal by inhibiting adenosine neurotransmission via reducing AD level and the expression of A1R and ENT1.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Coma/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Receptor de Adenosina A1/genética , Adenosina/genética , Adenosina/metabolismo , Animales , Coma/inducido químicamente , Coma/genética , Coma/patología , Tranportador Equilibrativo 1 de Nucleósido , Etanol/toxicidad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Área Hipotalámica Lateral/efectos de los fármacos , Área Hipotalámica Lateral/metabolismo , Receptores de Orexina/genética , Orexinas/genética , Orexinas/metabolismo , Ratas , Reflejo de Enderezamiento/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos , Transmisión Sináptica/genética , Vigilia/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Small oligonucleotides mutations are the large majority causes of ß-thalassemia. Dual priming oligonucleotide PCR has been used to detect point mutations and thus could be applied to diagnose ß-thalassemia. The goal of this study was to establish a simple, quick and cost-effective screening assay by using modified dual priming oligonucleotide PCR for three most common mutations of ß-thalassemia [CD71-72 (+A), CD 41-42 (-CTTT), Pnt.-28 (Aâ¯ââ¯G)] in Southeast Asia and southern China. Man-made 5 tandem mismatched bases instead of poly (I) were used as the linker in the specific PCR primers. Single closed-tube multiplex PCRs followed by dissociation curve (DC) analysis were included in the molecular screening assay. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was applied to distinguish compound heterozygotes from single mutations. A blinded study of 91 samples was performed using this new assay. There were 41 samples detected as the above three mutations and it was concordant with the original methods. In conclusion, the modified dual priming oligonucleotide multiplex PCR/DC can detect these three genotypes of common mutation of ß-thalassemia; this method is simple, rapid and cost-effective, which makes it suitable for large-scale screening and diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , Talasemia beta/diagnóstico , Talasemia beta/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , China , Cartilla de ADN , Pruebas Genéticas , Genotipo , Humanos , Mutación , Mutación Puntual/genética , Talasemia beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
The marinederived oxalicumone A (POA) has been demonstrated as a potent antitumor bioactive agent for a variety of human carcinoma, but to the best of our knowledge, remains to be evaluated in healthy liver cells. As many drugs distribute preferentially in the liver, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of POA on apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in L02 healthy liver cells. A CellCounting kit8 assay demonstrated that POA inhibits the proliferation of L02 cells in a dose and timedependent manner. Furthermore, POA induced apoptosis by increasing the percentage of cells in early apoptosis and the subG1 cell cycle, along with causing Sphase arrest in L02 cells. Additionally, POA activated caspase 3, increased the protein expression levels of Fas ligand and Bcell lymphoma Xassociated protein, and decreased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcell lymphoma 2. POA additionally reduced the content of GSH and the activity of superoxide dismutase, elevated malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, increased reactive oxygen species production and the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, which suggested that POA induced lipid peroxidation injury in L02 cells and that oxidative stress serves an important role. Furthermore, POA caused alternations of mitochondrial function, including an abrupt depletion of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in L02 cells. These data suggested that POA exerts cytotoxicity, at least in part, by inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and eventually apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress by POA may therefore be critical in POAinduced toxicity in L02 cells.
Asunto(s)
Cromonas/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/patología , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/lesiones , Hígado/patología , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Modified Lingguizhugan Decoction (MLD) came from famous Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan Decoction. The MLD is used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the clinical setting. Our study focuses on the comprehensive treatment of MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: Rats were divided into five groups: control group (Cont), high-fat diet group (HFD), high-fat diet incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR), exercise incorporated with dietary restriction group (HFD-DR-Ex) and MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise group (HFD-DR-Ex-MLD). Treatments were conducted for 1 week after feeding high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The effects of treatments on high fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance in rats of MS were examined. In addition, the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin and protein kinase B (PKB) in rats serum and liver were also examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: After a week's intervention by dietary restriction, dietary restriction incorporated with exercise or MLD, compared with HFD rats, the relative weight of liver and fat, levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, insulin, were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 or 0.01). This treatment also inhibited abnormal increases of TNF-α, leptin and PKB in serum and liver. CONCLUSION: MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise treatment exhibit effects in alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance, which are possibly due to the down-regulation of TNF-α, leptin and PKB.
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Restricción Calórica , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hipertensión/sangre , Insulina/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Síndrome Metabólico/patología , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Poria , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/sangre , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
This study is expected to investigate the association of ATP/GTP binding protein-like 4 (AGBL4), LDL receptor related protein 8 (LRP8) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with lipid metabolism in 2,552 individuals (Jing, 1,272 and Han, 1,280). We identified 12 mutations in this motif. The genotype and allele frequencies of these variants were different between the two populations. Multiple-locus linkage disequilibrium (LD) elucidated the detected sites are not statistically independent. Possible integrative haplotypes and gene-by-gene (G × G) interactions, comprising mutations of the AGBL4, LRP8 and PCSK9 associated with total cholesterol (TC, AGBL4 G-G-A, PCSK9 C-G-A-A and G-G-A-A-C-A-T-T-T-G-G-A), triglyceride (TG, AGBL4 G-G-A, LRP8 G-A-G-C-C, PCSK9 C-A-A-G, A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-A-A-G and A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-G-A-A), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C, AGBL4 A-A-G and A-A-G-A-A-G-T-C-C-A-A-G) and the apolipoprotein(Apo)A1/ApoB ratio (A1/B, PCSK9 C-A-A-G) in Jing minority. However, in the Hans, with TG (AGBL4 G-G-A, LRP8 G-A-G-C-C, PCSK9 C-A-A-G, A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-A-A-G and A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-G-A-A), HDL-C (LRP8 A-A-G-T-C), LDL-C (LRP8 A-A-G-T-C and A-A-G-A-A-G-T-C-C-A-A-G) and A1/B (LRP8 A-C-A-T-T and PCSK9 C-A-A-G). Association analysis based on haplotype clusters and G × G interactions probably increased power over single-locus tests especially for TG.
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Carboxipeptidasas/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Epistasis Genética , Proteínas Relacionadas con Receptor de LDL/genética , Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proproteína Convertasa 9/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Apolipoproteína A-I/genética , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas B/genética , Apolipoproteínas B/metabolismo , Carboxipeptidasas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etnología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/patología , China , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Etnicidad , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Haplotipos , Humanos , Proteínas Relacionadas con Receptor de LDL/metabolismo , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/etnología , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proproteína Convertasa 9/metabolismo , Riesgo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
In this study, the dielectrophoretic processes of SiC nanowires suspended in three typical solvents, (highly purified water, ethanol and isopropanol) were systematically investigated. Optical microscope and SEM characterizations were used to observe the order of SiC nanowires on the surface of gold microchannels. The gold microchannels were induced by Ac dielectrophoresis of the corresponding dispersion solutions of SiC nanowires, with a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. The study shows that the dielectrophoresis process is an effective way of synthesizing highly oriented SiC nanoarrays using isopropanol solution. The results also show that the arrangement of SiC nanowires on the interdigital electrode configuration not only depend on the kind of solvent used, but also on the applied frequency (1000 Hz~1 MHz) and voltage (1 V~20 V).
RESUMEN
This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of oral nicorandil on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. A total of 240 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 mL/min or less, who were undergoing elective cardiac catheterization, were randomly assigned to nicorandil group (n = 120, 10 mg nicorandil, three times daily from 2 days before to 3 days after procedure) or control group (n = 120, matching placebo as the same method). The primary endpoint was the incidence of CIN defined as 25 % increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or 44 µmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) increase in absolute value within 72 h after exposure to contrast medium. The secondary endpoints were: (1) the changes of SCr, Cystatin-C (Cys-C) and eGFR within 72 h; (2) major adverse events (MACE) occurring within 30 days. Baseline characteristics of the patients in the two groups were similar. The incidence of CIN was significantly lower in nicorandil group compared with control group (6.67 vs. 17.5 %, P = 0.017). Compared with the control group, nicorandil group tended to have a lower SCr and Cys-C levels as well as a higher eGFR at 48 h after the procedure (all P < 0.05). There was no difference about the incidence of MACE within 30 days between nicorandil group and control group (4.16 vs. 5.83 %, P = 0.767). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that nicorandil was an independent protective factor against CIN (OR = 0.260, 95 % CI = 0.1-0.676, P = 0.006). Therefore, we concluded that oral nicorandil was associated with a decline in the incidence of CIN in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing elective cardiac catheterization.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo Cardíaco/efectos adversos , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Yohexol/análogos & derivados , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Nicorandil/administración & dosificación , Sustancias Protectoras/administración & dosificación , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Administración Oral , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , China , Angiografía Coronaria/efectos adversos , Creatinina/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Yohexol/efectos adversos , Riñón/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Renales/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Nicorandil/efectos adversos , Oportunidad Relativa , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Sustancias Protectoras/efectos adversos , Radiografía Intervencional/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Renal/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
This study was to determine the association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 (DOCK7), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2) and serum lipid levels. Genotyping of 9 SNPs was performed in 881 Jing subjects and 988 Han participants. Allele and genotype frequencies of the detected SNPs were different between the two populations. Several SNPs were associated with triglyceride (TG, rs10889332, rs615563, rs7552841, rs1997947, rs2760537, rs4846913 and rs11122316), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (rs1997947), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (rs1168013 and rs7552841), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 (rs1997947), ApoB (rs10889332 and rs7552841), and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs7552841) in Jing minority; and with TG (rs10889332, rs615563, rs7552841, rs11206517, rs1997947, rs4846913 and rs11122316), HDL cholesterol (rs11206517 and rs4846913), LDL cholesterol (rs1168013), ApoA1 (rs11206517 and rs4846913), ApoB (rs7552841), and ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs4846913) in Han nationality. Strong linkage disequilibria were noted among the SNPs. The commonest haplotype was G-C-G-C-T-G-C-C-G (>10%). The frequencies of C-C-G-C-T-G-T-C-G, G-C-A-C-T-G-C-C-G, G-C-G-C-T-A-C-C-A, G-C-G-C-T-G-C-C-A, G-C-G-C-T-G-T-C-A haplotypes were different between the two populations. Haplotypes could explain much more serum lipid variation than any single SNP alone especially for TG. Differences in lipid profiles between the two populations might partially attribute to these SNPs and their haplotypes.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Dislipidemias/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/genética , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferasas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proproteína Convertasa 9/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etnología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , China , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Dislipidemias/sangre , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Dislipidemias/etnología , Etnicidad , Femenino , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/sangre , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferasas/sangre , Proproteína Convertasa 9/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Triglicéridos/sangre , Polipéptido N-AcetilgalactosaminiltransferasaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: *These authors contributed equally to this work. At present, they work at the Hezhou People's Hospital, Hezhou, China.To retrospectively compare differences in the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors between the Chinese Jing and Mulao populations. METHODS: Subjects of Jing and Mulao ethnicities were surveyed using stratified randomized sampling. Demography, diet and lifestyle data were collected using standardized questionnaires. Several anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP) levels and serum lipid concentrations were obtained. RESULTS: Data from 915 Jing and 911 Mulao subjects aged ≥ 35 years were included. Diastolic BP levels and prevalence of hypertension were lower, but prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension was higher, in the Jing compared with the Mulao population. Prevalence of hypertension in the age 60-69 years, body mass index (BMI) > 24 kg/m(2), and smoker subgroups was lower in the Jing compared with the Mulao populations. Prevalence of hypertension correlated with age, cigarette smoking, triglyceride level, waist circumference, sodium intake and total dietary fibre in the Jing population; hypertension prevalence also correlated with age, triglyceride level, BMI, total fat, sodium intake and total dietary fibre in the Mulao population (unconditional logistic regression analyses). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors were different between the two ethnic minorities, which might result from the combined effects of differences in their geographic, dietary, lifestyle, and genetic backgrounds.
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Pueblo Asiatico , Etnicidad , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , China/epidemiología , Demografía , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Estilo de Vida , Lípidos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xingnaojing Injection (XNJI) is a modern Chinese formula came from famous Chinese medicine An Gong Niu Huang Pill. XNJI has been used for treatment of cerebral diseases and stroke in China, and is approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI). XNJI belongs to the ethnopharmacological family of medicines. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the XNJI effect on AAI. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effects of XNJI on glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and related receptor in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of AAI rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with microdialysis probes in LHA. Rats were randomly divided into control, model, 1.36mg/kg XNJI, 0.68mg/kg XNJI and 0.34mg/kg XNJI groups. During microdialysis, baseline samples were collected from 1h to 2.5h; thereafter, the rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 52% ethanol, 5.2g/kg, or saline for control group. Twenty minutes later, three doses of XNJI was given by unilateral injection respectively, while saline for control and model groups, and samples were collected for the next 4h. The extracellular glutamate and GABA levels were measured in the LHA by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLU). The expression levels of related receptors N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NR) subunit NR2A, NR2B and GABAA were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Ethanol (5.2g/kg) significantly decreased the extracellular levels of glutamate and increased extracellular GABA in LHA. On the other hand ethanol significantly decreased NR2A and NR2B mRNAs expression, and increase GABAA mRNA expression. XNJI could increase the extracellular level of glutamate and decrease that of GABA; moreover, induced an increase in NR2A and NR2B mRNA expression, and a decrease in GABAA mRNA expression in LHA. CONCLUSIONS: The current changes in glutamate, GABA and mRNA expressions of related receptors in LHA after injection of XNJI suggest that changes in these neurotransmitters and receptors as a potential mechanism of action for AAI.
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Intoxicación Alcohólica/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Intoxicación Alcohólica/metabolismo , Animales , Etanol/efectos adversos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismoRESUMEN
AIMS: The aim of this review is to assess the effects of exercise training on the symptoms of depression in heart failure (HF) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Randomized controlled trials of exercise training in patients with HF and symptoms of depression were identified. The depression data were pooled using meta-analysis, and 19 studies were identified, with a total of 3447 patients, of which 16 (3226 patients) provided data for the meta-analysis. Exercise training demonstrated significant reductions in the symptoms of depression [standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.55 to -0.21], and its antidepressive effect was consistent in a number of HF groups, such as in ages under and over 65 years (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.07 vs. SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.61 to -0.27) and EFs of <50% (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.20), as well as in a range of interventional strategies, including the aerobic mode (SMD -0.40, 95% CI -0.61 to -0.19), centre, home, or combined setting (SMD -0.61, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.27 vs. SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.07 vs. SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.05), and short or longer training programmes (≤12 weeks, SMD -0.50, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.27; 12-26 weeks, SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.11; >26 weeks, SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.04). The beneficial effects were preserved when blind design trials were considered (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.07). CONCLUSION: Exercise training significantly decreased the symptoms of depression in patients with HF. This benefit remained unclear in cases of HF with a normal EF and combined aerobic and strength training. Random controlled trials are needed to verify the benefit of exercise in these populations, and in very old, asymptomatic, and severe HF patients.
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Depresión/terapia , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/psicología , Acondicionamiento Físico Humano/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
α-Thalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. It is one of the most common monogenic abnormalities known in the world and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. α-Thalassemia is more frequently caused by deletional type than non-deletional type. Recently, we identified a novel large deletional type of α-thalassemia named --(FZ)/αα from a family in South China. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used for diagnosing the carrier and prenatal diagnosing for a fetus. Real-time PCR was employed for characterizing the deletion breakpoints and the deletional segment was determined as 300 kb in length extending from the telomere to AXIN1 gene on the short arm of chromosome 16. The carriers in the family members were detected by real-time PCR using designed primers.
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Cromosomas Humanos Par 16 , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , Eliminación de Secuencia , Talasemia alfa/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Proteína Axina/genética , China , Femenino , Tamización de Portadores Genéticos/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Globinas alfa/genéticaRESUMEN
Deletion mutations of 3.7 kb and 4.2 kb of α-globin gene are the most common causes of α-thalassemia (-α(3.7)/, -α(4.2)/). A simple, rapid assay by using a single-tube PCR to detect the two deletions has been needed. In this study, a pair of shared primers was designed for α2 and α1 gene but with length-different amplicons (159 bp and 409 bp). On the dissociation curve analysis profile after PCR, there shows two obvious peaks which represent the two different amplicons. Relative copy number of α2 and α1 gene can be deduced from the ratio of the two peaks. A comprehensive diagnosis for α-thalassemia 10 genotypes of deletions can be achieved when combined with a single-tube duplex PCR for detecting --SEA and non-deletional alleles of αα or α(T)α. Besides, a single-tube multiplex PCR, which is a cost-effective version of dual-priming-oligonucleotide based system, was designed for two common mutations of α-thalassemia in China (Hb Constant Spring and Hb Quong Sze), and these two mutations can be identified in samples by use of dissociation curve analysis. In all, using above three PCRs followed by dissociation curve analysis, three deletions and two mutations of α-thalassemia in the populations of southern China and Southeast Asia can be detected for molecular diagnosis or prenatal diagnosis. A blinded study of 163 samples was performed using this new assay and it was concordant with the original methods. This comprehensive molecular assay is simple, rapid, automatic and cost-effective, and can be used to diagnose α-thalassemia in this geographical area.
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Desnaturalización de Ácido Nucleico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Talasemia alfa/diagnóstico , Talasemia alfa/genética , Emparejamiento Base , Humanos , Mutación/genética , Eliminación de Secuencia , Globinas alfa/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the Astragalus injection (AI) has effect for reversing left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis induced by renal vascular hypertension in rats. METHODS: Thirty male SD rats were randomized equally into three groups: the AI group, the control group and the sham-operated group. All rats, except those in the sham-operated group, were established into the hypertension models by two kidney one clip (2K1C) operation. Blood pressure was measured before operation and every 4 weeks after operation. AI intervention was given to rats in the AI group starting from the 4th week of experiment at dose of 8 g/kg by peritoneal injecting once a day for 8 weeks, while for rats in the other 2 groups, equal volume of normal saline was given instead. All rats were sacrificed 12 weeks after operation by cervical breaking. And indexes including left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), inter-ventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular diameter (LVD), cardiomyocytes diameter (CCD), collagen volume fraction (CVF), and peri-vascular volume collagen area (PVCA) in rats were measured. RESULTS: Blood pressure was not different in the three groups before operation (P>0.05), whereas it rose in the control group and the AI group 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation correspondingly, showing no difference between the two groups, but significantly higher than that in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). The related indexes in the sham-operated group, control group and AI group were: LVMI, 2.71 +/- 0.24, 3.42 +/- 0.26, 3.13 +/- 0.23, respectively; LVWT (mm), 2.25 +/- 0.42, 4.26 +/- 0.48, 3.28 +/- 0.36; IVST (mm), 2.13 +/- 0.38, 3.98 +/- 0.32, 3.02 +/- 0.28; and LVD (mm), 3.76 +/- 0.29, 2.18 +/- 0.27, 2.82 +/- 0.20 respectively. Comparisons showed that LVMI, LVWT and IVST were significantly higher, but LVD was significantly lower in the control group than those in the sham-operated group (P<0.05); LVMI, LVWT and IVST were significantly lower but LVD was significantly higher in the AI group than those in the control group (P<0.05). CCD, CVF and PVCA in the three groups (in the fore-mentioned order) were: CCD (microm), 14.54 +/- 2.25, 19.56 +/- 2.53, 16.58 +/- 2.46; CVF(%), 3.83 +/- 1.40, 11.21 +/- 2.96, 7.83 +/- 1.67; PVCA (%), 15.71 +/- 3.85, 30.58 +/- 6.25, 21.76 +/- 4.36, respectively. These indexes showed that CCD, CVF, PVCA in the control group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group (P<0.05); and those were significantly lower in the AI group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: AI intervention can reverse the left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis induced by renal vascular hypertension in rats.
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Planta del Astrágalo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión Renal/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/prevención & control , Fitoterapia , Animales , Presión Sanguínea , Inyecciones , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic events. Differences in lipid levels may exist in different races. Han is the largest group and Zhuang is the largest minority among the 56 nationalities in China. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, among which Hei Yi (means black worship and black dress) Zhuang, living in Napo County bordering northeast Vietnam and with a population of about 50,000, is a special ethnic group, and the most conservative with a unique culture. Little is known about the lipid levels in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the lipid levels, prevalence of hyperlipidemia, and risk factors in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. METHODS: A total of 1068 people of Hei Yi Zhuang nationality were surveyed by a cluster sampling. Blood pressure, height, weight, serum lipid and apolipoprotein (Apo) levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The results were compared with those in 933 people of Han nationality who also live in that district. RESULTS: The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Apo B in Hei Yi Zhuang nationality were significantly lower than those in Han nationality (p <0.05-0.001), but the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of Apo A1 to Apo B in Hei Yi Zhuang nationality were significantly higher than those in Han nationality (p <0.001 and 0.05, respectively). The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperlipidemia in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han nationalities were 25.00 vs. 28.72% (p >0.05), 12.45 vs. 14.36% (p >0.05), and 31.37 vs. 35.91% (p <0.05); respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Hei Yi Zhuang or Han population was positively correlated with age, BMI, blood pressure, and alcohol consumption (p <0.05-0.001), respectively, but was not associated with gender or cigarette smoking in both nationalities (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The current study reveals that there were significant differences in lipid levels and prevalence of hyperlipidemia between Hei Yi Zhuang and Han ethnic groups, but no significant differences in the detected risk factors for hyperlipidemia between the two ethnic groups, which might result from the comprehensive role of different dietary habits, life style, and level of physical activity, as well as genetic background.