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Background: To prospectively assess the individual and joint effects of birth weight and the life's essential 8 (LE8)-defined cardiovascular health (CVH) on myocardial infarction (MI) risk in later life. Methods: In 144,803 baseline MI-free participants who were recruited in the UK Biobank cohort between 2006 and 2010, Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations of birth weight, LE8 score, and their interactions with incident MI. LE8 was defined on the basis of diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids. Results: Low birth weight was associated with higher risk of MI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.35, P = 0.025], while no significant correlation between high birth weight and MI was observed after adjustment. Low CVH was associated with higher MI risk [HR 6.43 (3.71-11.15), P < 0.001). Participants with low birth weight and low CVH (vs. participants with normal birth weight and high CVH) had HR of 5.97 (2.94-12.14) for MI incidence. The relative excess risk due to interaction of low birth weight and low CVH on MI was -4.11 (-8.12, -0.11), indicating a negative interaction on an additive scale. A consistent decreasing trend of MI risk along with increased LE8 score was observed across all three birth weight groups. Conclusion: Low birth weight was associated with increased MI risk, emphasizing the importance of the prenatal factor in risk prediction and prevention of MI. Improving LE8 can mitigate MI risk attributed to low birth weight.

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Cigarette smoke, a complex mixture produced by tobacco combustion, contains a variety of carcinogens and can trigger DNA damage. Overactivation of c-MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase, may cause cancer and cellular DNA damage, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced malignant transformation and DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results demonstrated that CSE treatment led to up-regulated mRNA expression of genes associated with the c-MET signaling pathway, increased expression of the DNA damage sensor protein γ-H2AX, and uncontrolled proliferation in BEAS-2B cells. ATR, ATR, and CHK2, which are involved in DNA damage repair, as well as the phosphorylation of c-MET and a group of kinases (ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2) involved in the DNA damage response were all activated by CSE. In addition, CSE activation promotes the phosphorylation modification of ATR, CHK1 proteins associated with DNA damage repair. The addition of PHA665752, a specific inhibitor of c-MET, or knock-down with c-MET both attenuated DNA damage, while overexpression of c-MET exacerbated DNA damage. Thus, c-MET phosphorylation may be involved in CSE-induced DNA damage, providing a potential target for intervention in the prevention and treatment of smoking-induced lung diseases.

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The frequent relocation of professional football clubs is a phenomenon unique to Chinese professional football, which has long attracted extensive attention from policy makers and scholars. Using data on spatial geography and competitive levels between 1994 and 2021, this research explores the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of top professional football clubs in China, in which GIS spatial analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) were used to analyze the influence of the regional economic, demographic, and developmental levels of the sports industry and institutional supply on the distribution and migration of clubs. The results indicate the following: (1) the overall spatial distribution of professional football clubs in China shows the pattern of "more in the east and less in the west", and the degree of club concentration gradually increases over time; (2) the migration frequency and downward migration of professional football clubs in China gradually decreased during the period of C League and CSL, and the overall situation tends to be stable; and (3) in the early stages of development of professional leagues, changes in ownership and local policy supply had a significant impact on the distribution and migration of professional clubs. As time progressed, the top-down design of institutional arrangements changed, and the regional economic, demographic, and developmental levels of the sports industry gradually became the essential determinants of the distribution and migration of professional football clubs. In the future, Chinese professional football clubs should focus on rationalizing the advantages of the regional economy, demography, and sports industry as well as reducing their reliance on short-term resources, such as corporate investment and policy benefits.

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An in-situ nanozyme signal tag combined with a DNA-mediated universal antibody-oriented strategy was proposed to establish a high-performance immunosensing platform for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarker detection. Briefly, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with peroxidase (POD)-like activity was synthesized to encapsulating the electroactive molecule methylene blue (MB), and subsequently modified with a layer of gold nanoparticles on its surface. This led to the creation of double POD-like activity nanozymes surrounding the MB molecule to form a nanozyme signal tag. A large number of hydroxyl radicals were generated by the nanozyme signal tag with the help of H2O2, which catalyzed MB molecules in situ to achieve efficient signal amplification. Subsequently, a DNA-aptamer-mediated universal antibody-oriented strategy was proposed to enhance the binding efficiency for the antigen (target). Meanwhile, a poly adenine was incorporated at the end of the aptamer, facilitating binding to the gold electrode and providing anti-fouling properties due to the hydrophilicity of the phosphate group. Under optimal conditions, this platform was successfully employed for highly sensitive detection of AD-associated tau protein and BACE1, achieving limits of detection with concentrations of 3.34 fg/mL and 1.67 fg/mL, respectively. It is worth mentioning that in the tau immunosensing mode, 20 clinical samples from volunteers of varying ages were analyzed, revealing significantly higher tau expression levels in the blood samples of elderly volunteers compared to young volunteers. This suggests that the developed strategy holds great promise for early AD diagnosis.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) serves as a crucial greenhouse gas that traps heat and regulates the Earth's temperature. High spatiotemporal resolution CO2 estimation can provide valuable data to understand the characteristics of fine-scale climate change trends and to formulate more effective emission reduction strategies. This study presents a spatiotemporal ResNet model (ST-ResNet) specifically developed to estimate the highest resolution (1 km × 1 km) daily column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) in China from 2015 to 2020. The ST-ResNet model excels in estimating XCO2 by comprehensively considering the complex relationships between XCO2 and its various influencing factors, while efficiently capturing both temporal and spatial correlations, thereby demonstrating remarkable generalization capability. The results show that the ST-ResNet generates a highly accurate XCO2 dataset, outperforming the traditional ResNet. Ground-based validation results further confirm the high accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution of our estimated data product. Using this dataset, the spatial and temporal characteristics of XCO2 across the entire China and several urban agglomerations have been analyzed. The high spatiotemporal resolution estimated XCO2 dataset for China is made publicly available at [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25272868], offering substantial potential for fine-scale carbon research.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and viral Colonization of corneas donated by volunteers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before and after corneal transplantation. METHODS: We retrospectively compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who received corneas from donors with and without a history of COVID-19 after corneal transplantation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on ocular surfaces in corneal preservation solutions as well as the recipients' tears. Immunofluorescence was also performed to evaluate the expression of viral spike proteins in the corneas. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and slit-lamp inspection at each follow-up examination were performed to assess the surgical efficacy. RESULTS: The RT-PCR results of eye surface swabs before corneal extraction, the corneal preservation solutions before transplantation as well as the recipients' tears were negative, thereby indicating the suitability for transplantation. No significant differences in IOP measurements, OCT findings, or in the incidence of post transplantation complications were observed between donors with and without COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal transplantation using corneas from COVID-19 infected donors does not alter clinical outcomes when compared to controls receiving corneas from non-infected donors.

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Microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment are difficult to degrade naturally due to their hydrophobicity and structure. A variety of engineered degradation methods were developed to treat MPs contamination in the aquatic environment. Current reviews of MPs degradation methods only provided an inventory but lacked systematic comparisons and application recommendations. However, selecting suitable degradation methods for different types of MPs contamination may be more effective. This work examined the present engineered degradation methods for MPs in the aquatic environment. They were categorized into chemical degradation, biodegradation, thermal degradation and photodegradation. These degradation methods were systematically summarized in terms of degradation efficiency, technical limitations and production of environmental hazards. Also, the potential influences of different environmental factors and media on degradation were analyzed, and the selection of degradation methods were suggested from the perspectives of contamination types and degradation mechanisms. Finally, the development trend and challenges for studying MPs engineered degradation were proposed. This work will contribute to a better selection of customized degradation methods for different types of MPs contamination scenarios in aquatic environments.

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Air pollution is a leading environmental health risk factor, and in situ toxicity assessment is urgently needed. Bacteria-based bioassays offer cost-effective and rapid toxicity assessments. However, the application of these bioassays for air toxicity assessment has been challenging, due to the instability of bacterial survival and functionality when directly exposed to air pollutants. Here, we developed an approach employing self-assembly passive colonization hydrogel (SAPCH) for in situ air toxicity assessment. The SAPCH features a core-shell structure, enabling the quantitatively immobilization of bacteria on its shell while continuously provides nutrients from its core. An antimicrobial polyelectrolyte layer between the core and shell confines bacteria to the air-liquid interface, synchronizing bacterial survival with exposure to air pollutants. The SAPCH immobilized a battery of natural and recombinant luminescent bacteria, enabling simultaneous detection of various toxicological endpoints (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress) of air pollutants within 2 h. Its sensitivity was 3-5 orders of magnitude greater than that of traditional liquid-phase toxicity testing, and successfully evaluating the toxicity of volatile organic compounds and combustion smoke. This study presents a method for in situ, rapid, and economical toxicity assessment of air pollution, making a significant contribution to future air quality monitoring and control.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the mechanisms of dual regulation of osteoarthritis (OA) progression by the involvement of estrogen receptor (ER) in autophagy and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bioinformatics methods were used to explore the relationship among associated genes. Western blot assays were used to detect related protein expression of OA in C28I2 and induced OA cellular model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis were used to detect OA related gene expression in C28I2 and induced OA cellular model. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) analysis were used to verify the direct interaction between ER and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3). RESULTS: The C28I2 cellular model of OA was induced by interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß). The small interfering ribonucleic acid (SiRNA)-mediated knockdown of autophagy-related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) in C28I2 decreased the expression of MAP1LC3B (LC3B) and NLRP3. Besides, ER-beta (ERß) agonist changed the gene expression of NLRP3 and ATG16L1. Moreover, CO-IP analysis indicated the direct interaction between ER and NLRP3. CONCLUSION: Our study results revealed that ATG16L1, NLRP3, and IL-1ß interacted closely and ERß was involved in OA process by affecting autophagy and inflammatory activation.

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BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence on cirrhosis suggests a close correlation between abnormality in body composition characteristics and poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dynamic changes in body composition on the prognostic outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 158 patients diagnosed as cirrhosis from January 2018 to August 2023. Skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality, visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) imaging at the third lumbar vertebra level. Competing risk model was performed four different body composition status (i.e., normal, only sarcopenia, only myosteatosis, and combined status) for liver-related mortality. We also explored the relationship between the dynamic change in body composition and long-term prognosis by applying Gray's test. RESULTS: Of the 158 cirrhotic patients (mean [SD] age, 57.1 [12.6] years), sarcopenia was present in 85 (60.1 %) patients, while 22 (13.9 %) patients had sarcopenic obesity and 68 (43.0 %) had myosteatosis. Patients solely diagnosed with sarcopenia exhibited a higher mortality rate compared to those with normal body composition (Gray's test, P=0.006), while patients solely diagnosed with myosteatosis or with a combination of sarcopenia and myosteatosis did not reach statistical significance (Gray's test, P=0.076; P=0.140). Multivariable analysis also revealed that VSR (HR=1.10 [1.01∼1.20]; P=0.028), sarcopenia (HR=2.73 [1.20∼6.22], P=0.017) and myosteatosis (HR=2.39 [1.10∼5.18], P=0.028) were significant independent predictors of liver-related deaths. Otherwise, patients exhibiting aggravating body composition during follow-up period were associated with a significantly higher mortality risk compared to those with normal or remission body composition status (HR=7.63 [1.12∼51.14]; P=0.036). CONCLUSION: Progressive alterations in body composition status appears to be associated with liver-related mortality in individuals with liver cirrhosis. Focusing on the management of skeletal muscle, along with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity, may contribute to improving the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.

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Microstructures of additively manufactured metal parts are crucial since they determine the mechanical properties. The evolution of the microstructures during layer-wise printing is complex due to continuous re-melting and reheating effects. The current approach to studying this phenomenon relies on time-consuming numerical models such as finite element analysis due to the lack of effective sub-surface temperature measurement techniques. Attributed to the miniature footprint, chirped-fiber Bragg grating, a unique type of fiber optical sensor, has great potential to achieve this goal. However, using the traditional demodulation methods, its spatial resolution is limited to the millimeter level. In addition, embedding it during laser additive manufacturing is challenging since the sensor is fragile. This paper implements a machine learning-assisted approach to demodulate the optical signal to thermal distribution and significantly improve spatial resolution to 28.8 µm from the original millimeter level. A sensor embedding technique is also developed to minimize damage to the sensor and part while ensuring close contact. The case study demonstrates the excellent performance of the proposed sensor in measuring sharp thermal gradients and fast cooling rates during the laser powder bed fusion. The developed sensor has a promising potential to study the fundamental physics of metal additive manufacturing processes.

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BACKGROUND: This study investigates the potential of novel meniscal parameters as predictive factors for incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis (ROA) over a span of four years, as part of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) study. OBJECTIVES: Quantitative measurements of meniscal parameters alteration could serve as predictors of OA's occurrence and progression. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A nested matched case-control study design was used to select participants from OAI study. Case knees (n = 178) were defined as those with incident ROA (Kellgren Lawrence Grade (KLG) 0 or 1 at baseline (BL), evolving into KLG 2 or above by year 4). Control knees were matched one-to-one by sex, age and radiographic status with case knees. The mean distance from medial-to-lateral meniscal lesions [Mean(MLD)], mean value of tibial plateau width [Mean(TPW)] and the mean of the relative percentage of the medial-to-lateral meniscal lesions distance [Mean(RMLD)] were evaluated through coronal T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) MRI at P-0 (visit when incident ROA was found on radiograph), P-1(one year prior to P-0) and baseline, respectively. Using the imaging data of one patient, the mechanism was investigated by finite element analysis. RESULTS: Participants were on average 60.22 years old, predominantly female (66.7%) and overweight (mean BMI: 28.15). Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD) were significantly greater for incident knees compared to no incident knees at baseline, P-1 and P-0. [Mean(MLD), Mean(RMLD); (42.56-49.73) mean ± (7.70-9.52) mm SD vs. (38.14-40.78) mean ± (5.51-7.05)mm SD; (58.61-68.95) mean ± (8.52-11.40) mm SD vs. (52.52-56.35) mean ± (6.53-7.85)mm SD, respectively]. Baseline Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD), [Adjusted OR, 95%CI: 1.11(1.07 to 1.16) and 1.13(1.09 to 1.17), respectively], were associated with incident ROA during 4 years, However, Mean(TPW) [Adjusted OR, 95%CI: 0.98(0.94 to 1.02)] was not associated with incident ROA during 4 years. While Mean(TPW) at P-1 and P-0 was not associated with the risk of incident ROA, Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD) at P-1 and P-0 were significantly positively associated with the risk of incident ROA. CONCLUSIONS: The meniscal parameters alteration could be an important imaging biomarker to predict the occurrence of ROA.

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LiMn2O4 spinel is emerging as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, largely due to its open framework that facilitates Li+ diffusion and excellent rate performance. However, the charge-discharge cycling of the LiMn2O4 cathode leads to severe structural degradation and rapid capacity decay. Here, an electrochemical activation strategy is introduced, employing a facile galvano-potentiostatic charging operation, to restore the lost capacity of LiMn2O4 cathode without damaging the battery configuration. With an electrochemical activation strategy, the cycle life of the LiMn2O4 cathode is extended from an initial 1500 to an impressive 14 000 cycles at a 5C rate with Li metal as the anode, while increasing the total discharge energy by ten times. Remarkably, the electrochemical activation enhances the diffusion kinetics of Li+, with the diffusion coefficient experiencing a 37.2% increase. Further investigation reveals that this improvement in capacity and diffusion kinetics results from a transformation of the redox-inert LiMnO2 rocksalt layer on the surface of degraded cathodes back into active spinel. This transformation is confirmed through electron microscopy and corroborated by density functional theory simulations. Moreover, the viability of this electrochemical activation strategy has been demonstrated in pouch cell configurations with Li metal as the anode, underscoring its potential for broader application.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in older people. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the development of PD. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is the most common non-motor symptom, and inflammation of the gut, which activates the gut-brain axis, maybe a pathogenic factor. Previous studies have attributed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to Allantoin, but its function and mechanism of action in PD are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Allantoin on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in mice. Our results showed that Allantoin administration ameliorated motor dysfunction and neuronal damage in mice injected with MPTP by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. Mechanistic studies showed that Allantoin suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting the overactivation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as oxidative stress by regulating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Notably, Allantoin also restored intestinal barrier function by modulating the gut microbiota and improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities to alleviate MPTP-induced motor deficits. In conclusion, the present study shows that the administration of Allantoin attenuated neurodegeneration in mice injected with MPTP by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and modulating the composition of the gut microbiome.

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To investigate the dampness syndrome score in hypertriglyceridemia and the correlations between hypertriglyceridemia and other chronic diseases and lifestyle factors. Data were retrospectively obtained from individuals who underwent physical examinations at Guangzhou Cadres Health Management Centre from May 2022 to May 2023. t Test, variance analysis, and chi-square test were used to compare the score of dampness syndrome and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among different subgroups. Pearson, Spearman correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to explore the correlations between hypertriglyceridemia and dampness syndrome, chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 26.70%. Clinical test index and dampness syndrome score were significant differences between hypertriglyceridemia group and normal group (P < .05). Subgroup analyses as a function of the degree of triglyceridemia indicated that the dampness syndrome score increased with increasing degree of triglyceridemia (P < .05). Correlation analysis showed that hypertriglyceridemia was correlated with dampness syndrome, overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases (P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, marriage, education level, smoking, drinking, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, milk and dairy product consumption, dessert or snack consumption, the degree of dampness syndrome, and engagement in exercise were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P < .05). Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with a variety of chronic diseases and lifestyle factors, and is closely related to dampness syndrome. The score of dampness syndrome can reflect hypertriglyceridemia to a certain extent. It provides more clinical reference for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia combined with the analysis of dampness syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine.

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Background: Developmental delay in children under 5 years old, which occurs globally with an incidence of 10%-15%, is caused by multiple factors including genetics, prenatal conditions, perinatal complications, postnatal influences, social factors, and nutritional deficiencies. Gene variants such as EFNB1, MECP2 and TRAPPC9 play a significant role in protein deformation and downregulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity. Methods: A 3-year-old girl, who exhibits poor gross motor skills, personal-social development, auditory language, hand-eye coordination, and visual performance, was diagnosed with global developmental delay. Trio whole exome sequencing was conducted to identify the genetic etiology of her condition. The identified genetic etiology was then validated through Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Genetic analysis revealed that the patient had compound heterozygous variants in the TRAPPC9 gene. These include a c.1928del frameshift variant inherited from the unaffected father and a deletion in exon 12 inherited from the unaffected mother. According to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines, these variants were classified as "likely pathogenic". Conclusion: The study revealed that compound heterozygous TRAPPC9 gene variants cause developmental delay in a Chinese girl. These variants have been classified as having significant pathogenic effect according to the ACMG criteria, suggesting a recessive genetic pattern and highlighting the importance of prenatal testing for future offspring. Furthermore, our findings expand the genotype spectrum of the TRAPPC9 gene, and provide more comprehensive information regarding genetic counseling for children experiencing developmental delay.

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A fully digital workflow incorporating autonomous robotic surgery is described. A prefabricated interim prosthesis offers the potential to streamline the process and reduce chairside time. Adopting this digital workflow can simplify the treatment procedure and help minimize the overall time required for the provision of implant-supported prostheses.

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High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) materials face challenges of low power output and low Pt utilization due to the lack of suitable electrode binders. We have developed a sulfonated microporous polymer material (namely, SPX, i.e., sulfonated polyxanthene) with excellent chemical stability, to be used as the electrode binder. The rigid and contorted polymer structure of SPX reduces the adsorption of the ionomer on the Pt catalyst surface, prevents phosphoric acid loss, and promotes the rapid transport of reactant gases and water molecules within the catalyst layer. The cell performance is thereby significantly improved, with a Pt utilization reaching 42.51%, and a peak power density approaching 805 mW cm-2 at 180 °C, surpassing the performance of cells using PBI as a binder.

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The economical and efficient commercial production of second-generation bioethanol requires fermentation microorganisms capable of entirely and rapidly utilizing all sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In this study, we developed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, BLH510, through protoplast fusion and metabolic engineering to enhance its ability to co-ferment glucose, xylose, cellobiose, and xylooligosaccharides while tolerating various inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The parental strains, LF1 and BLN26, were selected for their superior glucose/xylose co-fermentation capabilities and inhibitor tolerance, respectively. The fusion strain BLH510 demonstrated efficient utilization of mixed sugars and high ethanol yield under oxygen-limited conditions. Under low inoculum conditions, strain BLH510 could completely consume all four kinds of sugars in the medium within 84 h. The fermentation produced 33.96 g/L ethanol, achieving 84.3% of the theoretical ethanol yield. Despite the challenging presence of mixed inhibitors, BLH510 successfully metabolized all four sugars above after 120 h of fermentation, producing approximately 30 g/L ethanol and reaching 83% of the theoretical yield. Also, strain BLH510 exhibited increased intracellular trehalose content, particularly under conditions with mixed inhibitors, where the intracellular trehalose reached 239.3 mg/g yeast biomass. This elevated trehalose content contributes to the enhanced stress tolerance of BLH510. The study also optimized conditions for protoplast preparation and fusion, balancing high preparation efficiency and satisfactory regeneration efficiency. The results indicate that BLH510 is a promising candidate for industrial second-generation bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, offering improved performance under challenging fermentation conditions. Our work demonstrates the potential of combining protoplast fusion and metabolic engineering to develop superior S. cerevisiae strains for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. This approach can also be extended to develop robust microbial platforms for producing a wide array of lignocellulosic biomass-based biochemicals.

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According to historical statistical data, management and organizational factors (MOFs) contribute more to process accidents than technique factors. Under the umbrella of socio-tech system theory, human reliability analysis (HRA) has become a critical part of systemic probability risk analysis. In many HRA techniques, MOFs are among the performance shaping factors (PSFs). However, the interactions and causality of MOFs to human errors are still difficult to quantify and lack validation. To fill these gaps, a framework is proposed, considering data source selection, CBN construction algorithm comparison, and results validation. The case study employed the open access eMARS database as a data source. The optimized hybrid structure learning algorithm and Bayesian criteria parameter learning algorithm are employed to build a Causal Bayesian Network (CBN) of (MOFs) that lead to human error. The proposed kernel CBN is validated through prediction accuracy and sensitivity analysis. For theoretical contribution, the validated kernel BN could generally serve as the heart part of more specific CBNs as a basis for future works. For practical applications, an application shows the model's ability to quantify the contribution of MOFs to system reliability. The results show that human-machine interacting system reliability is most sensitive to organizational factors such as adequate training and procedures.