RESUMEN

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most important species of shrimp farmed worldwide in terms of its economic value. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infects the hepatopancreas, resulting in the hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) of the host, which causes slow growth of the shrimp and poses a threat to the farming industry. In this study, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between EHP-infected and uninfected shrimp were investigated through proteomics sequencing. A total of 9908 peptides and 2092 proteins were identified. A total of 69 DEPs were identified in the hepatopancreas (HP), of which, 28 were upregulated and 41 were downregulated. Our results showed that the differences among the level of multiple proteins involved in the apoptosis were significant after the EHP infection, which indicated that the apoptosis pathway was activated in whiteleg shrimp. In addition, expression leve of caspase 3 gene were identified related to the EHP infection. Furthermore, predictions of spatial structure, analysis of phylogeny and chromosome-level linearity of the caspase 3 protein were performed as well. In conclusion, a relatively complete proteomic data set of hepatopancreas tissues in whiteleg shrimp were established in this study. Findings about genes involved in the apoptosis here will provide a further understanding of the molecular mechanism of EHP infection in the internal immunity of whiteleg shrimp.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Diseases caused by Vibrio harveyi in shrimps have gradually become one group of the most serious threats to shrimp production, while related molecular mechanisms of infections with Vibrio harveyi are still not known well in shrimps. Here, we performed proteomic sequencing of hepatopancreas in whiteleg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with exogenous Vibrio harveyi, and subsequent functional annotation and calculation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in this study. A total of 145 DEPs were obtained, among them 36 were up-regulated and 109 were down-regulated after the infection. Meanwhile, our results showed that after the infection of Vibrio harveyi, expression levels of a variety of C-type lectins (CTLs) were changed significantly. In-depth functional domain analysis and spatial structure prediction of these CTLs revealed that amino acid sequences and spatial structures of the C-type lectin domain (CTLD) shared by the CTL-S and IML proteins were variant, suggesting differential functions between the two CTLs. In summary, various members of the CTL family have different epidemic responses to Vibrio harveyi infection, which provides a theoretical guidance for deep-going investigations on practical immunity reactions and pathogen infections in shrimps.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In this study, the whole mitochondrial genome of the Purple Spot Mantis Shrimp Gonodactylus smithii from the South China Sea was determined using next-generation sequencing. The circular mitogenome of G. smithii is 16,260 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The base composition is AT-rich and has an overall AT content of 67.76% (composition of A, G, T, and C was 35.30%, 12.41%, 32.46%, and 19.83%, respectively). Among 13 PCGs, 12 PCGs shared a common ATN as the start codon except COX1 gene using an abnormal putative first codon GCG. 11 PCGs ended with TAA or TAG, while ND6, COX2 gene terminated with a single T and ND3 gene used a special "GAT" as the stop codon. The phylogenetic tree showed that G. smithii was clustered with Gonodactylus chiragra, then together with Gonodactylaceus randalli.

RESUMEN

In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genome of Ternate False Fusus Brunneifusus ternatanus Gmelin, 1791 was determined and characterized for the first time from the South China Sea. Our results showed that the length of the whole mitogenome of B. ternatanus was 16,254 bp and the mitogenome consisted of 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 2 rRNA genes. Furthermore, the nucleotide composition of this mitogenome is significantly biased with G + C contents of 31.85% (the base content was 30.38% A, 16.17% G, 37.77% T, and 15.68% C). All PCGs shared ATG as the initiation codon, and stop codon of TAA or TAG, with the exception of COX2 which ended with a single T. The phylogenetic tree showed that B. ternatanus was first clustered with Hemifusus tuba, and from a single distinct cluster. The new complete mitochondrial genome provides new insight into the phylogenetic of Melongenidae and its evolution.

RESUMEN

Whiteleg shrimp is a widely cultured crustacean, but frequent disease outbreaks have decreased production and caused significant losses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a large innate immune family that is involved in the innate immune response. However, understanding of their regulatory mechanism is limited. In this study, PacBio sequencing and Illumina sequencing were applied to the gill and hepatopancreas tissues of whiteleg shrimp and an integrated transcript gene set was established. The upregulation of Toll1, Toll2 and Toll3 transcripts in the hepatopancreas tissue of whiteleg shrimp after iridescent virus infection implies that these proteins are involved in the immune response to the virus; simultaneously, the TRAF6 and relish transcripts in the Toll pathway were also upregulated, implying that the Toll pathway was activated. We predicted the three-dimensional structure of the five Toll proteins in whiteleg shrimp and humans and constructed a phylogenetic tree of the Toll protein family. In addition, there was a large discrepancy of Toll1 between invertebrates and vertebrates, presumably because of the loss of Toll1 protein sequence during the evolution process from invertebrates to vertebrates. Our research will improve the cognition of Toll protein family in invertebrates in terms of evolution, structure and function and provide theoretical guidance for researchers in this field.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The complete mitochondrial genome of Trachycardium flavum from South China Sea was first determined in this study, which is 16,596 bp in length. The base composition of the mitogenome is a less biased (A, G, T, and C was 21.5%, 26.3%, 37.0%, and 15.2%, respectively) with A + T contents of 58%. It consists of 24 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs). No typical control region was found in non-coding sequence. Interestingly, ATP8 genes was absence same as most shellfish. Nine PCGs use a special start codon TTG, and the other three genes use a normal initiation codon ATN. Except ND6 use a single base G as the stop codon, the others all end with the normal stop codon TAG. The phylogenetic tree showed that T. flavum was first clustered with Fulvia mutica, Cerastoderma edule, and Acanthocardia tuberculate, which all belong to Cardiidae.

RESUMEN

The complete mitochondrial genome of Anadara antiquata was first determined. With a length of 45,454 bp, it consists of 29 tRNA, 2 rRNA, and 17 protein-coding genes (PCGs). The non-coding region was large and atypical around the genome with total 24,162 bp long. The nucleotide composition is significantly biased with AT contents of 62.2%. PCGs have five types of start codon, and terminate with a complete stop codon TAA or TAG. 19 microsatellites (SSRs) were identified in mitogenome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that A. antiquata was first clustered with Anadara vellicate, then together with Tegillarca granosa.

RESUMEN

We first determined and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of Parribacus antarcticus. It is 15,806 bp long and consists of 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 1 control region. The nucleotide composition is significantly biased with AT contents of 69.3%. Five PCGs used an unusual initiation codon, and nine PCGs were terminated with an incomplete or abnormal stop codon. Three microsatellites were identified and located in the ND 4 gene and D-loop region. Phylogenetic tree showed that P. antarcticus was first clustered with Ibacus ciliatus and Ibacus alticrenatus, which is consistent with the expected phylogenetic relationship.

RESUMEN

The complete mitochondrial genome of Scyllarides squammosus was first determined and characterized. With a length of 15,644 bp, it consists of 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 1 control region. The nucleotide composition is significantly biased with AT contents of 65.6%. Among these PCGs, five of them used an unusual initiation codon, and nine genes ended with an incomplete or abnormal stop codon. Two microsatellites were identified and located in COX3 gene and D-loop region. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that S. squammosus was first clustered with Scyllarides latus, which was consistent with the previous work.

RESUMEN

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cypraea tigris from the South China Sea has been determined, which was the first report of complete mitogenome in the superfamily Cypraeoidea. It is 16,177 bp long and consists of 21 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 1 control region. The base composition of C. tigris mitogenome is biased (A, G, T, and C were 28.8, 17.9, 37.1, and 16.3%, respectively) with A + T contents of 58.5%. All of the PCGs use a typical start codon (ATN) and a complete stop codon (TAA or TAG) as normal. The maximum-likelihood tree demonstrated that the Cypraeoidea was closer to the superfamily Tonnoidea, and further clarified the phylogenetic relationships of each superfamily in Littorinimorpha.

RESUMEN

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the rubble carb Daldorfia horrida was determined using Illumina next-generation sequencing. The circular mitogenome is 15,737 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and one control region. The base composition is significantly biased (A, G, T, and C was 35.5%, 10.2%, 34.9%, and 19.4%, respectively) with A + T contents of 70.4%. Five microsatellites were identified in the mitogenome located in ND1, ND4, 16S genes and D-loop region. Phylogenetic tree showed that D. horrida is first clustered with Pseudocarcinus gigas and Myomenippe fornasinii, which revealed that Parthenopoidea has a close affinity with Eriphioidea in Heterotremata.

RESUMEN

In this study, we first determined and characterised the complete mitochondrial genome of seven-eleven crab Carpilius maculatus from South China Sea. The C. maculatus mitogenome is 15,761 bp long, and consists of 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and one control region. The nucleotide composition of C. maculatus mitogenome is significantly biased (A, G, T, and C was 35.9%, 9.8%, 35.5%, and 18.9%, respectively) with A + T contents of 71.3%. Three PCGs used an unusual initiation codon, and four PCGs were terminated with an uncomplete or abnormal stop codon. Six microsatellites were identified in C. maculatus mitogenome sequences. Phylogenetic tree showed that C. maculatus formed monophyletic clade with other Heterotremata species.

RESUMEN

One new flavonoid derivative flavoside A (1), one new 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid derivative crassilin (2), along with the known angucyclinone PD116740 (3) and oxachelin (4), was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of the sea urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina)-derived actinobacterium, Streptomyces sp. HD01. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of their HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic data. All of these compounds were assessed for their antibacterial activity.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Four new 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid related compounds, named anthocidins A⁻D (1⁻4), two known analogues n-lauryl 5-hydroxyanthranilate (5) and isolauryl 5-hydroxyanthranilate (6), together with benzamide (7), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamamide (8), and (3S-cis)-hexahydro-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (9), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. HDa1, which was isolated from the gut of a sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, collected from Hainan Island, China. The structures of these secondary metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their 1D and 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and anthocidin A was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Kα radiation. Anthocidins A⁻D (1⁻4) feature an acetyl group substitution at the amino group and varying alkyl side chains at the carboxyl group of 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and compound 5 was isolated as a natural product for the first time. The cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of compounds 1⁻9 were evaluated.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Three new γ-butenolide derivatives 1–3, named spiculisporic acids B–D, were isolated from the culture of Aspergillus sp. HDf2, a marine-derived fungus that resides in the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including MS and 2D NMR techniques. Their in vitro cytotoxic activities against two cell lines (SGC-7901, human gastric adenocarcinoma and SPC-A-1, human lung adenocarcinoma) and inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 51650 were investigated.

Asunto(s)