RESUMEN
It has been reported that interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter genes (1082 A/G, 819 T/C, 592 A/C) are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. To resolve inconsistencies in published data, we performed a meta-analysis to ascertain the association between IL-10 polymorphisms and NPC risk. Two case-control studies and two cohort studies were quantitatively analyzed to evaluate IL-10 promoter gene polymorphisms and NPC risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each genetic model and allelic comparison. A random-effect model or a fixed-effect model was used to calculate the overall combined risk estimates. Overall, the variant genotypes (AA and AG) of the IL-10-1082 A/G polymorphism were associated with elevated risk of NPC compared with the GG homozygote (AG vs GG: OR = 1.77; 95%CI = 1.39-2.26; AG + GG vs AA: OR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.42-2.22); no significant associations were observed in allelic contrast and the recessive model. Strong positive association was seen in the cohort studies but not in the case-control studies. No statistically significant association was detected between IL-10-819 T/C and IL-10-592 A/C polymorphisms and NPC. Additionally, publication bias was not found. Based on the current evidence, this meta-analysis suggests that IL-1082 A/G polymorphism may increase the risk of NPC, but IL-10-819 T/C and IL-10-592 A/C polymorphisms do not. Further multicenter studies that are better controlled are required to confirm these findings.
Asunto(s)
Interleucina-10/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Carcinoma , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Complete mitochondrial DNA sequences have been used successfully to estimate phylogenetic relationships among animal taxa, and for studies of population genetics and molecular evolution. We made phylogenetic analyses of 22 species of Galliformes, with two species of Anseriformes as outgroups, using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on the nucleotide dataset and the corresponding amino acid dataset of 13 concatenated protein-coding genes. The consensus phylogenetic trees supported monophyly of Galliformes, Phasianidae (nucleotide and amino acid: posterior probabilities 1.00 in BI, bootstrap value > 99% in ML and MP), Coturnicinae, and Gallininae (nucleotide and amino acid: posterior probabilities 1.00 in BI, bootstrap value > 85% in ML and MP), but failed to demonstrate monophyly of Pavoninae and Phasianinae. Our results also support a sister-group relationship between megapodes and all other galliforms. We found that Arborophilinae is basal to the balance of the Phasianidae. Moreover, we suggest that the turkey should be classified in the Phasianinae of Phasianidae. Although the relationships among the various lineages of the Galliformes remain controversial, these results should be useful for further study.