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Based on the previous research results that the addition of sucrose in the medium improved the biofilm formation of Tetragenococcus halophilus, the influence of sucrose on biofilm formation was explored. Moreover, the influence of exogenous expression of related genes sacA and galE from T. halophilus on the biofilm formation of L. lactis NZ9000 was investigated. The results showed that the addition of sucrose in the medium improved the biofilm formation, the resistance of biofilm cells to freeze-drying stress, and the contents of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and eDNA in the T. halophilus biofilms. Meanwhile, the addition of sucrose in the medium changed the monosaccharide composition of EPS and increased the proportion of glucose and galactose in the monosaccharide composition. Under 2.5% (m/v) salt stress condition, the expression of gene sacA promoted the biofilm formation and the EPS production of L. lactis NZ9000 with the sucrose addition in the medium and changed the EPS monosaccharide composition. The expression of gene galE up-regulated the proportion of rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose in the monosaccharide composition of EPS, and down-regulated the proportion of glucose and mannose. This study will provide a theoretical basis for regulating the biofilm formation of T. halophilus, and provide a reference for the subsequent research on lactic acid bacteria biofilms.

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BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, exhibiting a high morbidity and mortality rate. The mechanism of its occurrence and development requires further study. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of SERPINA12 in the diagnosis, prognosis prediction and biological function within HCC. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were employed to analyze the relationship between clinical features and SERPINA12 expression in HCC. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to analyze the correlation between SERPINA12 expression and prognosis in HCC. The function of SERPINA12 was determined by enrichment analysis, and the relationship between SERPINA12 expression and immune cell infiltration was investigated. The expression of SERPINA12 was examined in 75 patients with HCC using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: The expression of SERPINA12 from TCGA database was found to be significantly higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues and carried a poor prognosis. ROC curve demonstrated the diagnostic potential of SERPINA12 for HCC. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pathologic T stage, tumor status, and SERPINA12 expression were independently associated with patient survival. The SERPINA12 expression was found to correlate with immune cell infiltration. Our RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression of SERPINA12 in tumor tissues. Survival analysis indicated its association with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: SERPINA12 is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, and it is associated with immune cell infiltration.

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Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) is a group of hereditary myopathies that mainly involves striated muscles. This study aimed to use tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics to investigate the underlying pathomechanisms of two of the most common MFM subtypes, desminopathy and titinopathy. Muscles from 7 patients with desminopathy, 5 with titinopathy and 5 control individuals were included. Samples were labelled with TMT and then underwent high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Compared with control samples, there were 436 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the desminopathy group and 269 in the titinopathy group. When comparing the desminopathy with the titinopathy group, there were 113 DAPs. In desminopathy, mitochondrial ATP production, muscle contraction, and cytoskeleton organization were significantly suppressed. Activated cellular components and pathways were mostly related to extracellular matrix (ECM). In titinopathy, mitochondrial-related pathways and the cellular component ECM were downregulated, while gluconeogenesis was activated. Direct comparison between desminopathy and titinopathy revealed hub genes that were all involved in glycolytic process. The disparity in glycolysis in the two MFM subtypes is likely due to fiber type switching. This study has revealed disorganization of cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dysfunction as the common pathophysiological processes in MFM, and glycolysis and ECM as the differential pathomechanism between desminopathy and titinopathy. This offers a future direction for targeted therapy for MFM.

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Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare neurologic manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis. Investigations including MRI, PET/CT, nerve biopsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis can aid the diagnosis of NL. In this study, we presented a case of NL with co-existing myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody. The patient first presented with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy involving multiple cranial nerves and cauda equina, and later developed obstructive hydrocephalus and deep matter lesions. He also had persistently positive MAG antibody, but did not develop electrophysiologically proven neuropathy and monoclonal immunoglobulin. The final brain biopsy confirmed diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and predictors of relapse in double negative atypical inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) and to explore potential antigenic targets by tissue-based assays (TBA) using rat brain indirect immunofluorescence. METHODS: We compared the clinical, laboratory, and MRI data of double negative atypical IDD with other IDD patients. Serum samples were collected for TBA. The predictors of relapse were examined over a minimum of 24 months follow-up. RESULTS: In our cohort of 98 patients with double negative atypical IDD, there was no significant female predominance (58.2%, 57/98). The lesions primarily affected the spinal cord and brain stem, with fewer cases of involvement in the area postrema (5.1%, 5/98) and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (43.9%, 43/98). A total of 62.5% (50/80) patients tested positive for anti-astrocyte antibodies based on rat brain TBA. Over a median duration of 39.5 months, 80 patients completed the entire follow-up, and 47.5% (38/80) patients exhibited monophasic course. A total of 36% (18/50) patients positively for anti-astrocyte antibodies had a monophasic course, which is significantly lower than patients negatively for anti-astrocyte antibodies (66.7%, 20/30) (p = 0.008). The presence of anti-astrocyte antibodies (hazard ratio (HR), 2.243; 95% CI, 1.087-4.627; p = 0.029) and ≥4 cerebrum lesions at first attack (HR, 2.494; 95% CI, 1.224-5.078; p = 0.012) were risk factors for disease relapse, while maintenance immunotherapy during remission (HR, 0.361; 95% CI, 0.150-0.869; p = 0.023) was protective factor. INTERPRETATION: Double negative atypical IDD are unique demyelinating diseases with a high relapse rate. Maintenance immunotherapy is helpful to the prevention of relapse, particularly in patients with anti-astrocyte antibodies or ≥4 cerebrum lesions at first attack.

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Damaged skin is susceptible to invasion by harmful microorganisms, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which can delay healing. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural compound known for effectively promoting wound healing and its potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, its application is limited due to its susceptibility to oxidation and isomerization, which alter its structure. The use of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) can effectively tackle these issues. This study introduces an oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) self-supplying ZIF-8 nanoplatform designed to enhance the bioavailability of EGCG, combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) to improve antibacterial properties and ultimately accelerate wound healing. For this purpose, EGCG and indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, were successively integrated into a ZIF-8, and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to enhance biocompatibility. The outer layer of this construct was further modified with manganese dioxide (MnO2) to promote CDT and calcium peroxide (CaO2) to supply H2O2 and O2, resulting in the final nanoplatform EGCG-ICG@ZIF-8/BSA-MnO2/CaO2 (EIZBMC). In in vitro experiments under 808 nm laser, EIZBMC exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects through PDT and CDT. This combination effectively released reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediated oxidative stress to inhibit the bacteria. Subsequently, in a murine model of wound infection, EIZBMC not only exerted antibacterial effects through PDT and CDT but also alleviated the inflammatory condition and promoted the regeneration of collagen fibers, which led to accelerated wound healing. Overall, this research presents a promising approach to enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of EGCG by leveraging the synergistic antibacterial effects of PDT and CDT. This multifunctional nanoplatform maximizes EGCG's anti-inflammatory properties, offering a potent solution for promoting infected wound healing.

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Tumor neoantigen peptide vaccines hold potential for boosting cancer immunotherapy, yet efficiently co-delivering peptides and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells in vivo remains challenging. Virus-like particle (VLP), which is a kind of multiprotein structure organized as virus, can deliver therapeutic substances into cells and stimulate immune response. However, the weak targeted delivery of VLP in vivo and its susceptibility to neutralization by antibodies hinder their clinical applications. Here, we first designed a novel protein carrier using the mammalian-derived capsid protein PEG10, which can self-assemble into endogenous VLP (eVLP) with high protein loading and transfection efficiency. Then, an engineered tumor vaccine, named ePAC, was developed by packaging genetically encoded neoantigen into eVLP with further modification of CpG-ODN on its surface to serve as an adjuvant and targeting unit to dendritic cells (DCs). Significantly, ePAC can efficiently target and transport neoantigens to DCs, and promote DCs maturation to induce neoantigen-specific T cells. Moreover, in mouse orthotopic liver cancer and humanized mouse tumor models, ePAC combined with anti-TIM-3 exhibited remarkable antitumor efficacy. Overall, these results support that ePAC could be safely utilized as cancer vaccines for antitumor therapy, showing significant potential for clinical translation.

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Metastasis continues to negatively impact individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). Research has revealed the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we revealed that the lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) is expressed at higher levels in metastatic CRC tissues than in primary CRC tissues, and that high lncRNA SNHG1 expression indicates poor patient outcomes. We found that lncRNA SNHG1 promotes the migration and invasion of tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, lncRNA SNHG1 increases serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3) mRNA stability by interacting with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) protein, and subsequently upregulates SERPINA3 expression. Moreover, HNRNPD and SERPINA3 reversed the effects of lncRNA SNHG1 knockdown on CRC cell metastasis. In conclusion, we report that the lncRNA SNHG1 recruits HNRNPD, in turn upregulating SERPINA3 expression and ultimately facilitating CRC cell migration and invasion. Targeting the lncRNA SNHG1/HNRNPD/SERPINA3 signaling pathway might be a therapeutic option for preventing CRC metastasis.

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IgA antibodies play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, there is still no effective way to consistently boost mucosal IgA responses, and the factors influencing these responses are not fully understood. We observed that colonization with the murine intestinal symbiotic protozoan Tritrichomonas musculis (T.mu) boosted antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. This enhancement was attributed to the accumulation of free arachidonic acid (ARA) in the intestinal lumen, which served as a signal to stimulate the production of antigen-specific mucosal IgA. When ARA was prevented from undergoing its downstream metabolic transformation using the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton or by blocking its downstream biological signaling through genetic deletion of the Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (Blt1), the T.mu-mediated enhancement of antigen-specific mucosal IgA production was suppressed. Moreover, both T.mu transfer and dietary supplementation of ARA augmented the efficacy of an oral vaccine against Salmonella infection, with this effect being dependent on Blt1. Our findings elucidate a tripartite circuit linking nutrients from the diet or intestinal microbiota, host lipid metabolism, and the mucosal humoral immune response.

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BACKGROUND: Left-behind children (LBC) have become a special population to be concerned due to the negative consequences of parental absence during their physical and psychological development in China. Expressive suppression (ES) is a response-focused emotion regulation and may be frequently used by LBC to suppress their emotions resulting in different forms of internalizing problems. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of ES as an emotion regulation strategy on anxiety in Chinese left-behind children in middle school (LBC-MS) by considering the mediating role(s) of psychological resilience and self-esteem. METHODS: 820 middle school students aged between 12 and 17 years from a middle school in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, participated in the study. Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were administered. Variables measured using the above scales in left-behind children in middle school (LBC-MS) and non-left-behind children in middle school (non-LBC-MS) were compared, and descriptive statistics were used to present the overall characteristics. Then the PROCESS macro of SPSS was used to conduct regression-based statistical mediation for the data of 211 left-behind children. RESULTS: This study revealed that LBC-MS had higher anxiety and ES scores and lower psychological resilience and self-esteem scores than non-LBC-MS (Ps < 0.01). ES was found positively associated with anxiety in LBC-MS and negatively associated with psychological resilience and self-esteem (Ps < 0.05 - 0.01). Specifically, both psychological resilience and self-esteem significantly mediated the association between ES and anxiety, accounting for 7.50% and 10.68%, respectively, of the total associations. Moreover, psychological resilience and self-esteem had a chain mediating effect between ES and anxiety in LBC-MS. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that LBC-MS in China may frequently engage in the use of ES which correlated with higher level of anxiety. Psychological interventions should be dedicated to this underserved group. Intervention approaches that improve emotion regulation strategies (i.e., decrease the use of ES) and increase psychological resilience and self-esteem may help to alleviate anxiety in LBC-MS.

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BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of lncRNA RP3-340B19.3 on breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and clinical significance of lncRNA RP3-340B19.3 for breast cancer. METHODS: The subcellular localization of lncRNA RP3-340B19.3 was identified using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The expression of lncRNA RP3-340B19.3 in breast cancer cells, breast cancer tissues, as well as the serum and serum exosomes of breast cancer patients, was measured through quantitative RT-PCR. In the in vitro setting, we conducted experiments to observe the effects of RP3-340B19.3 on both cell migration and proliferation. This was achieved through the utilization of transwell migration assays as well as clone formation assays. Meanwhile, transwell migration assays and clone formation assays were used to observe the effects of MDA-MB-231-exosomes enriched in RP3-340B19.3 on breast cancer microenvironment cells MCF7 and BMMSCs. Additionally, western blotting techniques were used to assess the expression levels of proteins associated with essential cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In vivo, the impact of RP3-340B19.3 knockdown on tumour weight and volume was observed within a nude mice model. We aimed to delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms involving RP3-340B19.3 by using bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter gene experiments and western blotting. Moreover, the potential correlations between RP3-340B19.3 expression and various clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Our investigation revealed that RP3-340B19.3 was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, with a noteworthy increase in breast cancer cells. Notably, we found that RP3-340B19.3 exerted a promoting influence on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. MDA-MB-231-exosomes enriched in RP3-340B19.3 promoted the proliferation and migration of MCF7 and BMMSCs in vitro. Mechanistically, RP3-340B19.3 demonstrated the capability to modulate the expression of MORC4 by forming a complex with miR-4510. This interaction subsequently triggered the activation of the NF-κB and Wnt-ß-catenin signaling pathways. Furthermore, our study highlighted the potential diagnostic utility of RP3-340B19.3. We discovered its presence in the serum and exosomes of breast cancer patients, showing promising efficacy as a diagnostic marker. Notably, the diagnostic potential of RP3-340B19.3 was particularly significant in relation to distinguishing between different pathological types of breast cancer and correlating with tumour diameter. CONCLUSION: Our findings establish that RP3-340B19.3 plays a pivotal role in driving the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. Additionally, exosomes enriched in RP3-340B19.3 could influence MCF7 and BMMSCs in tumour microenvironment, promoting the progression of breast cancer. This discovery positions RP3-340B19.3 as a prospective novel candidate for a tumour marker, offering substantial potential in the realms of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.

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Formation water scale blocks pipelines and results in oil/gas production decreasing and energy consumption increasing. Many methods have been developed to inhibit scale formation. However, these previous methods are limited by their complications and low efficiency. A new method is proposed in this paper that uses the scale in formation water as a nanomaterial to improve oil recovery via controlling particle size. A series of ligands were synthesized and characterized. Micrometer-CaCO3 was formed and accumulated to form scale of a large size under uncontrolled conditions. The tetradentate ligands (L4) exhibited an excellent capturing yield of Ca2+ (87%). The particle size was very small, but they accumulated to form large particles (approximately 1300 nm) in the presence of Na2CO3. The size of the CaCO3 could be further controlled by poly(aspartic acid) to form sizes of about 700 nm. The flooding test showed that this material effectively improved oil recovery from 55.2% without nano CaCO3 to 61.5% with nano CaCO3. This paves a new pathway for the utilization of Ca2+ in formation water.

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Currently, no specific treatment exists to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver (MAFLD). Previously, Poria cocos (PC) effectively relieved MAFLD, but its bioactive components are still unknown. The bioactive substances in PC that regulate mitochondria function to alleviate MAFLD were thus determined. The L02 hepatocyte model induced by fat emulsion and the MAFLD rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) were developed to explore the efficacy of PC against MAFLD. The activity of PC-derived components in the liver mitochondria of HFD-fed rats was evaluated using the L02 hepatocyte model. Additionally, the PC-derived components from the liver mitochondria were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Finally, the anti-steatosis ability of PC-derived monomers and monomers groups was evaluated using the adipocyte model. PC maintained the mitochondrial ultrastructure, alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and regulated the energy metabolism and the fatty acid ß oxidation to relieve lipid emulsion-induced cellular steatosis and HFD-induced MAFLD. PC-derived components entering the liver mitochondria inhibited oxidative stress injury and improved the energy metabolism to fight cellular steatosis. Additionally, 15 chemicals were identified in the PC-treated rat liver mitochondria. These identified chemical molecules and molecule groups in the mitochondria prevented cellular steatosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and energy metabolism. PC restores mitochondrial structure and function, alleviating MAFLD, which is related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and fatty acid ß oxidation. The identified 15 components may be the main effective PC components regulating mitochondria function to alleviate MAFLD. Thus, PC may be a promising mitochondrial regulator to prevent MAFLD.

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Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinogenesis, but its role in embryo implantation has not yet been well studied. In the present study we evaluated the hypothesis that ZEB1-induced EMT is essential for embryo implantation in vivo. Endometrial epithelium from female Kunming mice (non-pregnant, and pregnant from day 2.5 to 6.5) were collected for assessment of mRNA/protein expression of ZEB1, and EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin, by employment of real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. To test if knockdown of ZEB1 affects embryo implantation in vivo, mice received intrauterine injection of shZEB1 before the number of embryos implanted was counted. The results showed that, ZEB1 was highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the mouse endometrium on day 4.5 of pregnancy, paralleled with down-regulated E-cadherin and up-regulated vimentin expression (P < 0.05). Intrauterine injection of shZEB1 markedly suppressed embryo implantation in mice (P < 0.01). Conclusively, the present work demonstrated that ZEB1 is essential for embryo implantation under in vivo condition, and is possibly due to its effect on modulation of endometrial receptivity through EMT.

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CrSbSe3─the only experimentally validated one-dimensional (1D) ferromagnetic semiconductor─has recently attracted significant attention. However, all reported synthesis methods for CrSbSe3 nanocrystals are based on top-down methods. Here we report a template selection strategy for the bottom-up synthesis of CrSbSe3 nanoribbons. This strategy relies on comparing the formation energies of potential binary templates to the ternary target product. It enables us to select Sb2Se3 with the highest formation energy, along with its 1D crystal structure, as the template instead of Cr2Se3 with the lowest formation energy, thereby facilitating the transformation from Sb2Se3 to CrSbSe3 by replacing half of the Sb atoms in Sb2Se3 with Cr atoms. The as-prepared CrSbSe3 nanoribbons exhibit a length of approximately 5 µm, a width ranging from 80 to 120 nm, and a thickness of about 5 nm. The single CrSbSe3 nanoribbon presents typical semiconductor behavior and ferromagnetism, confirming the intrinsic ferromagnetism in the 1D CrSbSe3 semiconductor.

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BACKGROUND: Human aging and white blood cell (WBC) count are complex traits influenced by multiple genetic factors. Predictors of chronological age have been developed using epigenetic clocks. However, the bidirectional causal effects between epigenetic clocks and WBC count have not been fully examined. METHODS: This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze summary statistics from four epigenetic clocks involving 34,710 participants, alongside data from the Blood Cell Consortium encompassing 563,946 individuals. We primarily explored bidirectional causal relationships using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method, supplemented by additional MR methods for comprehensive analysis. Additionally, multivariate MR was applied to investigate independent effects of WBC count on epigenetic age acceleration. RESULTS: In the two-sample univariate MR (UVMR) analysis, we observed that a decrease in lymphocyte count markedly accelerated aging according to the PhenoAge, GrimAge, and HannumAge metrics (all P < 0.01, ß < 0), though it did not affect Intrinsic Epigenetic Age Acceleration (IEAA). Conversely, an increase in neutrophil count significantly elevated PhenoAge levels (ß: 0.38; 95% CI 0.14, 0.61; P = 1.65E-03 < 0.01). Reverse MR revealed no significant causal impacts of epigenetic clocks on overall WBC counts. Furthermore, in multivariate MR, the impact of lymphocyte counts on epigenetic aging metrics remained statistically significant. We also identified a marked causal association between neutrophil counts and PhenoAge, GrimAge, and HannumAge, with respective results showing strong associations (PhenoAge ß: 0.78; 95% CI 0.47, 1.09; P = 8.26E-07; GrimAge ß: 0.55; 95% CI 0.31, 0.79; P = 5.50E-06; HannumAge ß: 0.42; 95% CI 0.18, 0.67; P = 6.30E-04). Likewise, eosinophil cell count demonstrated significant association with HannumAge (ß: 0.33; 95% CI 0.13, 0.53; P = 1.43E-03 < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that within WBCs, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts exert irreversible and independent causal effects on the acceleration of PhenoAge, GrimAge, and HannumAge. Our findings highlight the critical role of WBCs in influencing epigenetic clocks and underscore the importance of considering immune parameters when interpreting epigenetic age.

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The poor implant-osseointegration under diabetic condition remains a challenge to be addressed urgently. Studies have confirmed that the diabetic pathological microenvironment is accompanied by excessive oxidative stress, imbalanced immune homeostasis, and persistent chronic inflammation, which seriously impairs the osteogenic process. Herein, a multifunctional bioactive interface with both anti-oxidative stress and immunomodulatory properties is constructed on titanium implants. Briefly, manganese dioxide nanosheets are coated onto mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with carbon monoxide gas precursor, namely MnO2-CO@MPDA NPs, and then they are integrated on the titanium implant to obtain MCM-Ti. In the simulated diabetic microenvironment, under the action of MnO2 nanoenzymes, MCM-Ti can effectively eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species while alleviating hypoxic state. Interestingly, the microenvironment mediates the responsive release of CO gas, which effectively drives macrophages toward M2 polarization, thereby ameliorating inflammatory response. The potential mechanism is that CO gas up-regulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1, further activating the Notch/Hes1/Stat3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the conditioned medium derived from macrophages on MCM-Ti surface significantly enhances the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In a type 2 diabetic rat model, MCM-Ti implant effectively alleviates the accompanying inflammation and enhances the osseointegration through the synergistic effects of resisting oxidative stress and remodeling immune homeostasis.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients aged over 80 years on admission after intertrochanteric femur fracture and to explore the risk factors of DVT. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2022. METHODOLOGY: A group of patients aged over 80 years with intertrochanteric fracture were included according to the presence or absence of DVT confirmed by ultrasonography on admission. The patients were divided into the non-DVT and DVT groups. Clinical data were retrospectively compared between the two groups and analysed by multivariate logistic regression to screen risk factors of DVT. RESULTS: A total of 130 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and 37 of them had DVT on admission, with a prevalence of 28.5%, including 25 (67.6%) distal peripheral DVT, 11 (29.7%) proximal central DVT, and 1 (2.7%) mixed DVT. The American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification, Charlson comorbidity index, the serum levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, albumin, potassium, inorganic phosphorus, and calcium showed significant differences between the two groups (p <0.1). Multivariate analysis identified increased D-dimer (>6.005 mg/L), decreased albumin (<36.45 g/L), and reduced potassium (<3.650 mmol/L) as independent factors for DVT in aged intertrochanteric fracture patients (AIFPs). CONCLUSION: A high incidence of DVT was revealed in AIFPs, and elevated D-dimer levels, reduced albumin levels, and reduced potassium concentrations were shown to be correlated to DVT. KEY WORDS: Intertrochanteric fracture, Deep vein thrombosis, Aged patients, Risk factor, Multivariate logistic regression.

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The high theoretical specific energy and environmental friendliness of zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have garnered significant attention. However, the practical application of ZABs requires overcoming the sluggish kinetics associated with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, 3D self-supported nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) arrays encapsulated by CoNi nanoparticles on carbon fiber cloth (CoNi@N-CNTs/CFC) are synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for OER and ORR. The 3D interconnected N-CNTs arrays not only improve the electrical conductivity, the permeation and gas escape capabilities of the electrode, but also enhance the corrosion resistance of CoNi metals. DFT calculations reveal that the co-existence of Co and Ni synergistically reduces the energy barrier for OOH conversion to OH, thereby optimizing the Gibbs free energy of the catalysts. Additionally, analysis of the change in energy barrier during the rate-determining step suggests that the primary catalytic active center is Ni site for OER. As a result, CoNi@N-CNTs/CFC exhibits superior catalytic activity with an overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA cm-2 toward OER, and the onset potential of 0.92 V for ORR. Moreover, utilization of CoNi@N-CNTs/CFC in liquid and solid-state ZABs exhibited exceptional stability, manifesting a consistent cycling operation lasting for 100 and 15 h, respectively.

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This paper reports a 49-year-old male patient with a long-term smoking history who developed renal insufficiency and proteinuria in the range of nephropathy without diabetes. Renal biopsy showed nodular glomerulosclerosis with vitreous degeneration of arterioles and moderate and severe proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and matrix. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis. After treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) drugs, the level of albuminuria decreased rapidly, and renal function remained stable. The clinical manifestations and pathological features of 122 cases of idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis reported from 1999 to August 2023 were analyzed, retrospectively.