RESUMEN
Traditionally, diagnostic tools for plant pathogens were limited to the analysis of purified pathogen isolates subjected to phenotypic characterization and/or PCR-based genotypic analysis. However, these approaches detect only already known pathogenic agents, may not always recognize novel races, and can introduce bias in the results. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have provided new opportunities to integrate high-resolution genotype data into pathogen surveillance programs. Here, we describe some of the key bioinformatics analysis used in the newly developed "Field Pathogenomics" pathogen surveillance technique. This technique is based on RNA-seq data generated directly form pathogen-infected plant leaf samples collected in the field, providing a unique opportunity to characterize the pathogen population and its host directly in their natural environment. We describe two main analyses: (1) a phylogenetic analysis of the pathogen isolates that have been collected to understand how they are related to each other, and (2) a population structure analysis to provide insight into the genetic substructure within the pathogen population. This provides a high-resolution representation of pathogen population dynamics directly in the field, providing new insights into pathogen biology, population structure, and pathogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota/genética , Metagenómica/métodos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Triticum/microbiología , Basidiomycota/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/métodos , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
Introducción: la hernioplastía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más comunes que realiza el cirujano alrededor del mundo. En nuestra institución se realizan la hernioplastía tipo Liechtenstein (abierto) y videolaparoscópica tipo TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal). El objetivo del estudio es comparar los resultados obtenidos utilizando ambos procedimientos. Diseño, lugar y participantes: estudio retrospectivo de 45 pacientes sometidos a uno de los dos procedimientos, durante junio-noviembre 2015, en el Hospital General Juan José Arévalo Bermejo, evaluando la prevalencia de inguinodinia crónica, hernia recidivante, complicaciones y tiempo de retorno a labores. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia, entre el grupo abierto comparado con el videolaparoscópico, en la prevalencia de inguinodinia crónica (21.4% vs 17.7%, p: 0.75), ni en el porcentaje de pacientes que consultó a la emergencia por dolor (8.5% vs 13%, p: 0.55), ni en complicaciones postoperatorias de infección, seroma, rechazo e hidrocele (19.1% vs 30.4%, p: 0.36). Las recidivas de hernia inguinal fueron más comunes en el grupo videolaparoscópico que en el abierto (17.3% vs 2.1%; p: 0.019). El tiempo promedio de retorno a labores fue de 29 días en ambos grupos (p: 1.0) Conclusión: En nuestra institución, ambos procedimientos tiene resultados comparables y probablemente, conforme aumente la experiencia de la hernioplastía videolaparoscópica, la incidencia de recidivas disminuya.
Background: Hernioplasty is one of the most common surgical procedures around the world. In our insttuton hernioplasty is performed with Lichtenstein technique (open) and laparoscopic TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) repair. The aim of the study is to compare clinical outcomes between both procedures. Design, Setng, and Partcipants: In this retrospectve study, 45 patents were treated with one of the techniques for hernia repair, between June and November of 2015 at the General Hospital Juan José Arévalo Bermejo. The prevalence of chronic inguinodynia, inguinal hernia recurrence, complicatons and tme to return to normal actvites were compared. Results: There is no statstcal diference between open technique compared with laparoscopic repair, in the prevalence of chronic inguinodynia (21.4% vs 17.7%, p: 0.75), nor in the percentage of patents that were atended in the emergency room for pain (8.5% vs 13%, p: 0.55), nor in postoperatve infectons, seroma formaton, rejecton or hydrocele complicatons (p: 0.36). Inguinal hernia recurrence was more common in the laparoscopic group (17.3% vs 2.1%, p: 0.019). Mean tme to return to work was 29 days in both groups (p: 1.0). Conclusions: In our insttuton both procedures have comparable results and more experience is needed to decrease hernia recurrence.