RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this essay is to review the spectrum of high-resolution CT findings of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with and without HIV infection. CONCLUSION: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a common opportunistic infection affecting immunosuppressed patients. High-resolution CT may be indicated for evaluation of immunosuppressed patients with suspected pneumonia and normal chest radiographic findings. The most common high-resolution CT finding of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is diffuse ground-glass opacity. Consolidation, nodules, cysts, and spontaneous pneumothorax also can develop.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico por imagen , Pneumocystis carinii/aislamiento & purificación , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/tratamiento farmacológico , PronósticoRESUMEN
A variety of systemic disorders--infections, noninfectious inflammatory diseases, collagen vascular diseases, hereditary diseases, and acquired immune deficiency diseases--may affect both the skin and the lung. The findings in one organ system can help establish the diagnosis or limit the differential diagnosis. Cutaneous manifestations of many conditions (eg, Kaposi sarcoma) precede thoracic manifestations and sometimes have prognostic implications for respiratory disease; in other conditions (eg, organizing pneumonia in polymyositis and dermatomyositis), thoracic manifestations precede cutaneous ones. When skin and thoracic manifestations develop simultaneously, as occurs in the acute form of sarcoidosis known as Löfgren syndrome, the diagnosis is often readily established. Familiarity with the appearances of skin lesions that are commonly associated with systemic lung disease, especially those that are disease specific, may allow the radiologist to pinpoint a diagnosis even when thoracic imaging findings are nonspecific.
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Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Radiografía Torácica , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Blastomicosis/complicaciones , Blastomicosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endocarditis Bacteriana/complicaciones , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/diagnóstico por imagen , Polimiositis/complicaciones , Polimiositis/diagnóstico por imagen , Sarcoidosis/complicaciones , Sarcoidosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Sarcoma de Kaposi/complicaciones , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerodermia Sistémica/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Sistémica/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection that primarily affects the lungs. Most infected patients have deficits in cell-mediated immunity such as those with AIDS, transplant recipients, and those receiving corticosteroid therapy. We review the various CT appearances of pulmonary nocardiosis and discuss the differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Common CT findings include lung consolidation and nodules and masses. Cavitation may occur. Chest wall involvement develops in a small number of patients.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares/microbiología , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Enfermedades Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/inmunología , Nocardiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Nocardiosis/inmunología , Pronóstico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Dual-energy subtraction chest radiography is a robust and powerful tool that improves the ability to detect and accurately diagnose a wide variety of thoracic abnormalities on posteroanterior-lateral chest images. Dual-energy subtraction chest radiography has many advantages over conventional chest radiography that facilitate image interpretation. The major advantage of this imaging technique is that it more clearly depicts calcification, which greatly aids in characterizing pulmonary nodules. Dual-energy subtraction images are also helpful in the recognition of hilar and mediastinal masses; the detection of tracheal narrowing and vascular disease; the identification of bone, pleural, and chest wall abnormalities; and the localization of indwelling devices such as stents and catheters. However, dual-energy subtraction imaging also has some limitations of which the radiologist should be aware and requires a somewhat higher radiation dose than does conventional radiography.