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Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the US.Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral factors.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7％(95％confidence interval[CI]:35.4％to 36.1％)in 2010 and 29.8％(95％CI:29.4％to 30.2％)in 2013 in China,and 35.3％(95％CI:33.6％to 37.1％)in 2010 and 37.9％(95％CI:36.0％to 39.7％)in 2013 in the US.Among hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4％(95％CI:17.9％to 18.9％)in 2010 and 23.8％(95％CI:23.1％to 24.6％)in 2013 in China and 54.5％(95％CI:50.3％to 58.7％)in 2010 and 50.9％(95％CI:46.5％to 55.3％)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2％(95％CI:3.0％to 3.5％)and 5.7％(95％CI:5.3％to 6.0％)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6％(95％CI:46.2％to 55.0％)and 55.3％(95％CI:50.3％to 60.3％)in the US.Obesity was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both countries.Different from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in China.Conclusion:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly lower.Obesity was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.
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Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.Methods:Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 019 chil-dren(13.03±0.79)collected from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 academic years.Overweight/obesity was de-fined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points.Principal component analysis was used to con-vert the four SES indicators(maternal and paternal education,and occupation)into one comprehensive vari-able.Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8％,and was higher in boys than in girls(17.8％vs.7.6％,P＜0.001)at baseline.Among boys,relative risk(RR)of obesity was 1.23(95％CI:1.09 to 1.40,P＜0.001)for per unit change in SES.There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls.Mediation analyses showed that among boys,birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived weight status mediated 70.0％of the effects of SES on obesity.No mediation effect was detected in girls.Conclusions:Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls.SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys,but not in girls.More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys.Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.
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Asian Americans, compared with other racial/ethnic groups, are disproportionately affected by Hepatitis B disease. The literature suggests that knowledge and awareness of prevention strategies such as receiving hepatitis B screening and vaccination are potential factors associated with occurrence of hepatitis B and liver cancer, while it is unclear how baseline characteristics relate to these effective hepatitis B prevention strategies. In the study, five Asian-American groups in the state of Maryland completed self-administered pre- and post-test after receiving lectures on hepatitis B prevention, and participated in blood screening for Hepatitis B. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to explore the differences of baseline characteristics among these participants. Logistic regression was employed to study the baseline factors and association with completion of tests. All groups were significantly different in socioeconomic characteristics except for gender and immunization status, and only marginally different in infection status (P = 0.089). The mean pre- and post-test scores were different by group (P < 0.01). All groups had significantly improved knowledge of prevention (F = 7.65, P < 0.01). Age and race were positively related to immunization status, with older participants are more likely to get vaccinated (OR = 1.02, CI = 1.00-1.03). Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese were more likely to receive vaccination. For infection, only gender was correlated with infection status, with odds of being HBV carriers for females being 74% less than that for males (OR = 0.26, CI = 0.07-0.90). Participants who had only high school or lower education, retired, self-employed, higher income level, and married were less likely to complete surveys. The study found correlations of gender, infection status, age and race with immunization status. Males are more likely to be HBV carriers. It reveals new findings on the relationship between baseline characteristics and the completion of pre- and post-tests and missing responses. The information may provide potential directions for improve preventive program for at-risk communities.
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Asiático/educación , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Hepatitis B/etnología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevención & control , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Asiático/estadística & datos numéricos , Portador Sano , Femenino , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Hepatitis B/diagnóstico , Hepatitis B/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Hepatitis B/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etnología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Maryland , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the pathways to alcohol use among adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of risk and protective factors among a sample of Latino youth (aged 11-13) was conducted. RESULTS: Peer norms and school connectedness had direct pathways to alcohol use. Self-concept was related to peer norms. Youth who were less acculturated were more likely to believe that their peers drank. Family monitoring, connectedness, and academic support did not have direct pathways to alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: Peer norms appear critical in shaping adolescent involvement with alcohol. The protective influence of family and academic support appear to be indirect.