RESUMEN

Two-terminal monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells demonstrate huge advantages in power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to their respective single-junction counterparts1,2. However, suppressing interfacial recombination at the wide-bandgap perovskite/electron transport layer interface, without compromising its superior charge transport performance, remains a significant challenge for perovskite-silicon tandem cells3,4. By exploiting the nanoscale discretely distributed LiF ultrathin layer followed by an additional deposition of diammonium diiodide molecule, we have devised a bilayer intertwined passivation strategy that combines efficient electron extraction with further suppression of nonradiative recombination. We constructed perovskite-silicon tandem devices on double-side textured Czochralski (CZ)-based silicon heterojunction cell, which featured a mildly-textured front surface and a heavily-textured rear surface, leading to simultaneously enhanced photocurrent and uncompromised rear passivation. The resulting perovskite-silicon tandem achieved an independently certified stabilized PCE of 33.89%, accompanied by an impressive fill factor (FF) of 83.0% and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of nearly 1.97 volts. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported certified efficiency of a two-junction tandem solar cell exceeding the single-junction Shockley-Queisser limit of 33.7%.

RESUMEN

Rosa multiflora, originated from East Asia, is one of the original ancestors of modern roses. It is also an important genetic resource and rootstock for rose cultivation. Due to its high resistance and vigorous growth, R. multiflora has become an invasive species in some introduction sites, such as North America. To explore the correlation between the suitable habitat of R. multiflora and climate change, we predicted its potential geographic distribution with an optimized MaxEnt model based on 1246 distribution records and nine bioclimatic variables. The results showed that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, minimum temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the warmest quarter, and isothermality were significant bioclimatic variables affecting the potential geographic distribution of R. multiflora. Under current climate conditions, R. multiflora naturally distributed in the plains and hilly areas to the east and south of the Loess Plateau. The distribution pattern in the mid-holocene was similar to its current distribution, but the highly suitable distribution area was in the south of North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin, and parts of the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain. During the last interglacial, the suitable areas generally contrac-ted southward, while the highly suitable areas significantly expanded and mainly located in the Sichuan Basin, the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the Southeast Hills. Beyond its natural distribution in East Asia, R. multiflora had been introduced and spread to most parts of Europe and the central and eastern United States. The distribution area of R. multiflora would expand under three warming scenarios of different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) during 2041-2060 and 2081-2100. Its average distribution center (centroid) would shift towards higher latitude, indicating that the distribution of R. multiflora was closely related to climate change and that global warming might lead to an expansion of its distribution area. These results would improve our understanding of the ecological adaptability of R. multiflora, facilitate the predicting of its future distribution, and provide a theoretical basis for monitoring and early warning measures following its introduction.

Asunto(s)

Cambio Climático , Ecosistema , Especies Introducidas , Rosa , Rosa/crecimiento & desarrollo , China , Simulación por Computador , Dispersión de las Plantas

RESUMEN

Endoscopic treatment is generally recommended for the duodenal epithelial adenoma. Although underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has become established as an effective modality for the superficial duodenal adenoma. However, it is difficult to completely remove a large superficial duodenal adenoma with en bloc resection. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly performed to remove a large superficial duodenal adenoma, whereas which is technically challenged with severe adverse events. It has reported that entire traction using clip-and-nylon ring with ESD was effective and safe in the removal of a large rectal sessile serrated adenoma (SSA). Herein, we shared our experience of the novel three traction rings device in the treatment of a large superficial duodenal adenoma.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Regarding when to treat gastric cancer and ovarian metastasis (GCOM) and whether to have metastatic resection surgery, there is presently debate on a global scale. The purpose of this research is to examine, in real-world patients with GCOM, the survival rates and efficacy of metastatic vs non-metastasized resection. AIM: To investigate the survival time and efficacy of metastatic surgery and neoadjuvant therapy in patients with GCOM. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 41 GCOM patients admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from June 2009 to July 2023. The diagnosis of all patients was confirmed by pathology. The primary study endpoints included overall survival (OS), ovarian survival, OS after surgery (OSAS), disease-free survival (DFS), differences in efficacy. RESULTS: This study had 41 patients in total. The surgical group (n = 27) exhibited significantly longer median OS (mOS) and median overall months (mOM) compared to the nonoperative group (n = 14) (mOS: 23.0 vs 6.9 months, P = 0.015; mOM: 18.3 vs 3.8 months, P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences observed in mOS, mOM, median OSAS (mOSAS), and median DFS (mDFS) between patients in the surgical resection plus neoadjuvant therapy group (n = 11) and those who surgical resection without neoadjuvant therapy group (n = 16) (mOS: 26.1 months vs 21.8 months, P = 0.189; mOM: 19.8 vs 15.2 months, P = 0.424; mOSAS: 13.9 vs 8.7 months, P = 0.661, mDFS: 5.1 vs 8.2 months, P = 0.589). CONCLUSION: Compared to the non-surgical group, the surgical group's survival duration and efficacy are noticeably longer. The efficacy and survival time of the direct surgery group and the neoadjuvant therapy group did not differ significantly.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with different levels of enzymolysis-fermentation compound protein feed (EFCP) in the diets of growing-finishing pigs, focusing on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass traits, and meat quality. METHODS: Sixty DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs with an initial body weight of 42.76 ± 2.05 kg were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design. These dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet (CON), untreated compound protein feed (UCP) substitution 50% (U50) and 100% SBM (U100) diets, and EFCP substitution 50% (EF50) and 100% SBM (EF100) diets. Each treatment had 6 pens (replicates) with 2 pigs per pen, and the experiment lasted 58 d, divided into phase I (1-28 d) and phase II (29-58 d). Following phase I, only the CON, U50, and EF50 groups were continued for phase II, each with 5 replicate pens. On d 59, a total of 15 pigs (1 pig/pen, 5 pens/treatment) were euthanized. RESULTS: During phase I, the EF50 group had a higher average daily gain (ADG) in pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group, whereas the U50 group did not have a significant difference. As the substitution ratio of UCP and EFCP increased in phase I, there was a noticeable reduction in the final body weight and ADG (P < 0.05), along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). In phase II, there were no significant differences in growth performance among the treatment groups, but EF50 increased the apparent digestibility of several nutrients (including dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, gross energy) compared to U50. The EF50 group also exhibited significantly higher serum levels of neuropeptide Y and ghrelin compared to the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EF50 group had higher carcass weight and carcass length than those in the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in meat quality. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that replacing 50% SBM with EFCP during the growing-finishing period can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits of pigs without compromising meat quality. This research offers valuable insights into the modification of unconventional plant protein meals and developing alternatives to SBM.

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for the differences in lipid accumulation between lean and obese pigs. The bile acids with varying levels within two types of pigs were found and then in vitro experiments were conducted to identify whether these bile acids can directly affect lipid accumulation. Fourteen pigs, including seven lean and seven obese pigs with body weights of approximately 80 kg, were fed the same diet at an amount approximately equivalent to 3% of their respective body weights daily for 42 d. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in medium with high glucose levels and were differentiated into mature adipocytes using differentiation medium. Then, bile acids were added to mature adipocytes for 4 d. The results showed that there was a difference in body lipids levels and gut microbiota composition between obese and lean pigs (P < 0.05). According to the results of gut microbial function prediction, the bile acid biosynthesis in colonic digesta of obese pigs were different from that in lean pig. Sixty-five bile acids were further screened by metabolomics, of which 4 were upregulated (P < 0.05) and 2 were downregulated (P < 0.05) in obese pigs compared to lean pigs. The results of the correlation analysis demonstrated that chenodeoxycholic acid-3-ß-D-glucuronide (CDCA-3Gln) and ω-muricholic acid (ω-MCA) had a negative correlation with abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate, while isoallolithocholic acid (IALCA) was positively associated with crude fat in the liver and abdominal fat rate. There was a positive correlation between loin muscle area and CDCA-3Gln and ω-MCA (P < 0.05), however, IALCA and 3-oxodeoxycholic acid (3-oxo-DCA) were negatively associated with loin eye muscle area (P < 0.05). Isoallolithocholic acid increased the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and the number of lipid droplets (P < 0.05), promoting the lipid storage when IALCA was added to 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes in vitro. In conclusion, the concentration of bile acids, especially gut microbiota related-secondary bile acids, in obese pigs was different from that in lean pigs, which may contribute to lipid accumulation within obese pigs.

RESUMEN

To ensure survival, animals must sometimes suppress fear responses triggered by potential threats during feeding. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that when fear-conditioned stimuli (CS) were presented during food consumption, a neural projection from lateral hypothalamic (LH) GAD2 neurons to nucleus incertus (NI) relaxin-3 (RLN3)-expressing neurons was activated, leading to a reduction in CS-induced freezing behavior in male mice. LHGAD2 neurons established excitatory connections with the NI. The activity of this neural circuit, including NIRLN3 neurons, attenuated CS-induced freezing responses during food consumption. Additionally, the lateral mammillary nucleus (LM), which received NIRLN3 projections, along with RLN3 signaling in the LM, mediated the decrease in freezing behavior. Collectively, this study identified an LHGAD2-NIRLN3-LM circuit involved in modulating fear responses during feeding, thereby enhancing our understanding of how animals coordinate nutrient intake with threat avoidance.

Asunto(s)

Miedo , Animales , Miedo/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Hipotálamo/fisiología , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Relaxina/metabolismo , Neuronas/fisiología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Vías Nerviosas/fisiología , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Condicionamiento Clásico/fisiología , Área Hipotalámica Lateral/fisiología , Área Hipotalámica Lateral/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Phytochemical study on the stems and leaves of Artocarpus tonkinensis led to the isolation of a new 2-arylbenzofuran, artocartone (1), as well as seven known 2-arylbenzofurans (2-8). The chemical structure of 1 was established by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and the known compounds were determined by comparing their MS and NMR data with those reported data in literature. The antiproliferative activities of all isolates 1-8 against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-375, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro were evaluated. As a result, compounds 1- 8 displayed notable antiproliferative activities against various human cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.28 ± 0.05-26.89 ± 0.18 µM.

RESUMEN

The interactions between corn amylose (CA) and Moringa oleifera seed salt-soluble protein (MOSP) were explored to improve the gel properties of MOSP. With increasing CA content, the MOSP-CA gel network structure was improved but the size of the gel porosity decreased firstly and then increased; the water holding retention (WHR) of MOSP-CA was decreased from approximately 94 % to 85.43 ± 2.54 %. The MOSP-CA-2.5 gel exhibited the best water holding stability (WHS), with a value of 37.1 ± 0.33 %. The MOSP-CA gel hardness increased with CA concentration, and MOSP-CA-2.5 showed relatively optimal cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, and chewiness. Meanwhile, MOSP-CA-2.5 exhibited gel strength. Incorporation of CA significantly increased the exposure of hydrophobic residues and the concentration-dependent increase in disulfide bonds in MOSP-CA gel. Thus, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds collectively stabilized the structure of MOSP-CA gel. The findings would broaden the application of MOSP and improve the utilization value of MOSP in various industries.

RESUMEN

High altitude polycythemia is a maladaptation of highlanders exposed to hypoxic environment, leading to high blood viscosity and severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Prolonged hypoxia causes respiratory depression and severe hypoxemia, and further mediates changes in genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate erythropoiesis and apoptosis, ultimately resulting in excessive erythrocytosis (EE). This updated review investigated the maladaptive mechanisms of EE, including respiratory chemoreceptor passivation, sleep-related breathing disorders, sex hormones, iron metabolism, and hypoxia-related factors and pathways.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) as a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), yet specific interventions remain limited. Natural products hold a promising application prospect in the field of anti-tumor in view of their high activity and ease of binding with biological macromolecules. However, the role of natural products in modulating the cross-talk between CAFs and GC cells has not been fully investigated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify a potential therapeutic target in CAFs and then screen for natural small molecule drugs with anti-tumor activity against this target. METHODS: Integrating bioinformatics analysis of public databases and experimental validation of human samples and cell lines to identify a candidate target in CAFs. Molecular docking and biolayer interferometry technique were utilized for screening potential natural small molecule drugs. The efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the candidates were explored in vitro and in vivo through techniques such as lentiviral infection, cell spheroids culture, immunoprecipitation and cells-derived xenografts. RESULTS: IL18 receptor accessory protein (IL18RAP) was found to be overexpressed in CAFs derived from GC tissues and facilitated the protumor function of CAFs on GC. Based on virtual screening and experimental validation, we identified a natural product, eupafolin, that interfered with IL18 signaling. Phenotyping studies confirmed that the proliferation, spheroids formation and tumorigenesis of GC cells facilitated by CAFs were greatly attenuated by eupafolin both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, eupafolin impeded the formation of IL18 receptor (IL18R) complex by directly binding to IL18RAP, thus blocking IL18-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and reduced the synthesis and secretion of IL6 in CAFs. As a consequence, it inactivated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in GC cells. CONCLUSION: This study provides new evidence that IL18 signaling regulates the cross-talk between GC cells and CAFs. And it highlights a novel pharmacological role of eupafolin in inhibiting IL18 signaling, thereby curbing the development of GC via modulating CAFs.

RESUMEN

A phytochemical study on the stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume resulted in the isolation and characterisation of a new polyprenylated xanthone, cratocochinone (1), as well as seven known analogues, fuscaxanthone K (2), pruniflorone Q (3), 1,3,5,8-tetrahy-droxy- 2-(3-methybut-2-enyl)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl) xanthone (4), cochinensoxanthone (5), cratoxylum-xanthone B (6), cochinchinone I (7) and cochinchinone K (8). The chemical structure of 1 was determined by comprehensive spectral analyses. The known compounds 2 - 8 were identified by comparing their experimental spectroscopic data with those reported data in the literature. The anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV effects of all isolates 1-8 were evaluated. As a result, compounds 1-8 showed remarkable inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells showing IC50 values ranging from 0.68 ± 0.06 to 10.27 ± 0.18 µM. Meanwhile, compounds 1-8 displayed notable anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) effects with EC50 values ranging from 0.19 to 10.72 µM.

RESUMEN

Exploiting a photocatalyst with high stability and excellent activity for Cr(VI) reduction under mild conditions is crucial yet challenging. Herein, the rigid aromatic multicarboxylate ligand with chromophore anthracene was selected to coordinate with multivalent metal ion manganese and to obtain a stable two-dimensional (2D) Mn-based metal-organic framework (MOF), LCUH-120, which can efficiently and quickly convert Cr(VI) into Cr(III) under light without the need for any additional photosensitizer. The efficient photosensitive anthracene group serves as a photosensitizer center and multivalent Mn(II) ion as a photocatalyst center in LCUH-120, and the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) can be realized completely in just 40 min. Specifically, the rate constant (k) and reduction rate of the Cr(VI) photocatalytic reaction can be high up to 0.134 min-1 and 2.50 mgCr(VI) g-1cata min-1 in an acidic environment (pH = 2), respectively. Compared to our previously reported three-dimensional (3D) Sm-MOF, LCUH-120 exhibits a significantly higher catalytic reaction rate, which might be ascribed to the fact that the photocatalyst center Mn node can improve the rate of electron transfer and promote the separation of holes and photogenerated electrons. In an acidic environment, the reaction mechanism can be verified through various contrast experiments and theoretical simulations.

RESUMEN

Enteric infection is a major cause of enteric disorder in neonatal pigs during the weaning transition. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural flavanonol compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata with numerous biological activities such as antioxidative and immunomodulatory functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary dihydromyricetin supplementation on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal functions in weaned pigs challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In total, 24 weaned DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs were allotted to 3 treatments. Pigs fed with basal diet or basal diet containing 300 mg/kg DMY were orally infused with sterilized culture or ETEC (2.5 × 1011 colony-forming units). Dietary DMY supplementation significantly elevated the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) but reduced diarrhea incidence in the weaned pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the ECON group, DMY also improved the digestibility of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), and ash of the EDMY group (p < 0.05). Moreover, DMY not only significantly decreased the ratio of albumin/globulin but also elevated serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (e.g., IgA and IgG) in the weaned pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C), and the activities of mucosal alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and maltase in the duodenum and jejunum of the EDMY group were higher than those in the ECON group (p < 0.05). Importantly, DMY significantly elevated the expression levels of jejunal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1), and fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) in the weaned pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group (p < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the ECON group, DMY increased the concentrations of microbial SCFA metabolites (e.g., acetic acid and propanoic acid), but reduced the abundance of Escherichia coli in the cecum of the EDMY group (p < 0.05). Dietary DMY supplementation can attenuate the ETEC-induced growth retardation and intestinal injury, which was attributed to the amelioration of intestinal nutrient digestion and transport functions as well as the improved microbiota.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could induce multiple forms of cell death, ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death distinct from apoptosis and autophagy, plays an important role in disease progression in TBI. Therapies targeting ferroptosis are beneficial for recovery from TBI. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside and the active ingredient of Paeonia lactiflora pall. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However The effects and mechanisms of paeoniflorin on secondary injury after TBI are unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism by which Pae regulates ferroptosis after TBI. METHODS: The TBI mouse model and cortical primary neurons were utilized to study the protective effect of paeoniflorin on the brain tissue after TBI. The neuronal cell ferroptosis model was established by treating cortical primary neurons with erastin. Liproxstatin-1(Lip-1) was used as a positive control drug. Immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, biochemical analyses, pharmacological analyses, and western blot were used to evaluate the effects of paeoniflorin on TBI. RESULTS: Pae significantly ameliorated neuronal damage after TBI, inhibited mitochondrial damage, increased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) production, restored neurological function and inhibited cerebral edema. Pae promotes the degradation of P53 in the form of proteasome, promotes its ubiquitination, and reduces the stability of P53 by inhibiting its acetylation, thus alleviating the P53-mediated inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) by P53. CONCLUSION: Pae inhibits ferroptosis by promoting P53 ubiquitination out of the nucleus, inhibiting P53 acetylation, and modulating the SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway.

Asunto(s)

Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Ferroptosis , Glucósidos , Monoterpenos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor , Glucósidos/farmacología , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Animales , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Acetilación , Ratones , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fosfolípido Hidroperóxido Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Paeonia/química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología

RESUMEN

Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid compound, are believed to prevent inflammatory response, dealing with pathogens and repairing the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DMY supplementation could attenuate intestinal damage in the context of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC F4+) infection. After weaning, different litters of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-challenged control (CON, fed with basal diet); (2) ETEC-challenged control (ECON, fed with basal diet); and (3) ETEC challenge + DMY treatment (EDMY, fed with basal diet plus 300 mg kg-1 DMY). We observed a significant reduction in fecal Escherichia coli shedding and diarrhea incidence, but an increase in ADG in pigs of EDMY group compared to the pigs of ECON group. Relative to the pigs of ECON group, dietary DMY treatment decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of the serum D-xylose, D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO), but increased the abundance of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum of pigs. In addition, DMY also decreased (P < 0.05) the number of S-phase cells and the percentage of total apoptotic epithelial cells of jejunal epithelium in pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group. Furthermore, DMY decreased the mRNA expression levels of critical immune-associated genes TLR4, NFκB, Caspase3, Caspase9, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and the protein p-NFκB and p-IκBα expressions of intestinal epithelium in pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group. Compared to the ECON group, DMY elevated (P < 0.05) the expression levels of ß-defensins PBD1, PBD2, PBD3, PBD129, as well as the abundance of secreted IgA in intestinal mucosae of the EDMY group. Thus, our results indicate that DMY may relieve intestinal integrity damage due to Escherichia coli F4.

Asunto(s)

Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Flavonoles , Mucosa Intestinal , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/efectos de los fármacos , Porcinos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Flavonoles/farmacología , Flavonoles/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Destete , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/veterinaria , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/metabolismo , Proteína de la Zonula Occludens-1/genética

RESUMEN

Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium are important economic plants that utilize dried roots for medicinal and food dual purposes; there is still insufficient research of their stems and leaves, which also contain triterpenoid saponins. The extraction process was developed with a total saponin content of 12.30 ± 0.34% and 12.19 ± 0.64% for P. notoginseng leaves (PNL) and P. quinquefolium leaves (PQL) extracts, respectively. PNL and PQL saponin extracts showed good antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and RAW264.7 cells. A total of 699 metabolites were identified in PNL and PQL saponin extracts, with the majority being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and amino acids. Fourteen ginsenosides, 18 flavonoids or alkaloids, and 16 amino acids were enriched in both saponin extracts. Overall, the utilization of saponins from medicinal plants PNL and PQL has been developed to facilitate systematic research in the functional food and natural product industries.

RESUMEN

Although minimally invasive interventional occluders can effectively seal heart defect tissue, they still have some limitations, including poor endothelial healing, intense inflammatory response, and thrombosis formation. Herein, a polyphenol-reinforced medicine/peptide glycocalyx-like coating was prepared on cardiac occluders. A coating consisting of carboxylated chitosan, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), tanshinone IIA sulfonic sodium (TSS), and hyaluronic acid grafted with 3-aminophenylboronic acid was prepared. Subsequently, the mercaptopropionic acid-GGGGG-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val peptide was grafted by the thiol-ene "click" reaction. The coating showed good hydrophilicity and free radical-scavenging ability and could release EGCG-TSS. The results of biological experiments suggested that the coating could reduce thrombosis by promoting endothelialization, and promote myocardial repair by regulating the inflammatory response. The functions of regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and metabolism were confirmed, and the inflammatory regulatory functions of the coating were mainly dependent on the NF-kappa B and TNF signaling pathway.

Asunto(s)

Glicocálix , Hidrogeles , Polifenoles , Animales , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Glicocálix/metabolismo , Glicocálix/química , Glicocálix/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacos , Regeneración/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Ratas , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Miocardio/metabolismo , Catequina/química , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/farmacología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Masculino

RESUMEN

As the main coffee polyphenols, caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are abundant in coffee-derived products and have the potential to act as novel feed additives for animals. However, research on the side effects of dietary CQAs supplementation is scarce, especially in young animals. Here, we explore the safety of CQAs derived from green coffee beans. Results showed that ingesting 50, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of dietary CQAs for 55 days is associated with greater final body weight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency in piglets compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CQAs also increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy at a dose over 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Interestingly, CQAs supplementation with 500 mg/kg increased the white blood cell count (P < 0.05). Moreover, CQAs supplementation at a dose over 50 mg/kg decreased the serum total cholesterol concentration but increased the immunoglobulin M level in serum (P < 0.05). Importantly, CQAs supplementation had no side effects on organ histopathology and organ weight (P > 0.05). These results suggest that CQAs could serve as a secure and effective additive to improve growth performance without negatively affecting the organs of piglets.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal , Coffea , Café , Polifenoles , Ácido Quínico , Animales , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/análisis , Polifenoles/administración & dosificación , Polifenoles/química , Porcinos/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Coffea/química , Café/química , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Masculino , Femenino , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

A-35-year-old woman presented our hospital with half a year's history of solid food dysphagia. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a large submucosal mass in an esophageal diverticulum near the gastroesophageal junction. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) confirmed a hypoechoic lesion arising from the muscularis propria layer with the size of 25*14 mm. Therefore, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) was proposed to remove the large submucosal lesion in addition to targeted septotomy of the esophageal diverticula. A 2-cm longitudinal mucosal access was made at 3 cm above the submucosal lesion, and a submucosal longitudinal tunnel was created until the submucosal lesion revealed using a DualKnife (Olympus, Japan). Meticulous resection was performed with the DualKnife, and the lateral border of the lesion was dissected from muscularis propria layer. It was completely removed the lesion with en bolc resection, and dissected the septum of the diverticulum using the DualKnife. The tunnel access was closed with several hemoclips. Finally, it has been demonstrated to achieve a perfect outcome for the patient. The patient was discharged three days later with symptom resolved on follow-up and to date.