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BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the functions of extracellular miRNA to recipient cells have been extensively studied with tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNA in EV secretion from cancer cells remains unknown. METHODS: qPCR and bioinformatics analysis were applied for determining extracellular let-7a expression from CRC patient serum and cells. Nanosight particle tracking analysis was performed for investigating the effect of let-7a on EV secretion. Luciferase reporter assays was used for identifying targeted genes synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23). In vitro and in vivo assays were used for exploring the function of let-7a/SNAP23 axis in CRC progression. Bioenergetic assays were performed for investigating the role of let-7a/SNAP23 in cellular metabolic reprogramming. RESULTS: let-7a miRNA was elevated in serum EVs from CRC patients and was enriched in CRC cell-derived EVs. We determined that let-7a could suppress EV secretion directly targeting SNAP23. In turn, SNAP23 promotes EV secretion of let-7a to downregulate the intracellular let-7a expression. In addition, we found a novel mechanism of let-7a/SNAP23 axis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through Lin28a/SDHA signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Let-7a plays an essential role in not only inhibiting EV secretion, but also suppressing OXPHOS through SNAP23, resulting in the suppression of CRC progression, suggesting that let-7a/SNAP23 axis could provide not only effective tumor biomarkers but also novel targets for tumor therapeutic strategies.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Fosforilación Oxidativa , Proteínas Qb-SNARE/metabolismo , Proteínas Qc-SNARE/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , RatonesRESUMEN
COL3A1 encodes the protein, collagen type III alpha 1, which is an important component of collagen. Collagen can have a considerable effect on the processing quality of meat, and is nutritious. Bioinformatic analysis using Targetscan showed that COL3A1 could be a target gene of miRNA-29a. Moreover, we found that Laiwu pigs have higher levels of type III collagen and lower levels of miRNA-29a than Landrace pigs. Therefore, we hypothesized that miRNA-29a suppresses the expression of COL3A1 by targeting its 3'-UTR. miRNA-29a appears to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of COL3A1 in PK15 cells because of the following: (1) overexpression of miRNA-29a resulted in a significant down-regulation of COL3A1 protein levels (2) overexpression of miRNA-29a significantly decreased the level of COL3A1 mRNA. (3) The activity of a COL3A1 luciferase reporter was significant reduced by miRNA-29a. Furthermore, the levels of miRNA-29a and collagen type III in four tissues in Laiwu and Landrace pigs were consistent with the above observations. In this study, we identified COL3A1 as a direct target for miRNA-29a, which will inform further studies of meat quality.
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Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , Animales , Línea Celular , Colágeno Tipo III/genética , Carne/normas , PorcinosRESUMEN
Cip1-interacting zinc-finger protein1 (Ciz1) is a nuclear matrix protein associated DNA replication factor which has been implicated in breast and lung cancer progression. However, the clinical significance of Ciz1 expression in colon cancer has not been determined. This study aimed to examine Ciz1 expression pattern and its potential as a biomarker of prognosis in colon cancer. Using quantitative PCR, tissue microarray (TMA), and ELISA, we evaluated Ciz1 mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues from patients with colon cancer and in paired adjacent normal tissues. Ciz1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in 22 of 39 paired samples (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry on TMA-containing samples from 203 colon cancer patients indicated that Ciz1 protein expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (Stuart-Maxwell test, P < 0.001). Elevated expression of Ciz1 protein was significantly correlated with T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.005), M stage (P = 0.021), and AJCC stage (P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox proportion hazard model analysis revealed that Ciz1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for overall time (OS; hazard ratio (HR): 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.98; P = 0.034) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.14-3.58; P = 0.017) of patients with colon cancer after colectomy. Our data suggested that Ciz1 may be involved in colon cancer progression and could serve as a novel predictor of survival for colon cancer patients.
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Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third most fatal malignancy worldwide. HOTAIR, a cancer-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is a powerful biomarker of metastasis and poor prognosis in a diverse group of cancers. Nevertheless, an understanding of how HOTAIR is involved in colon cancer progression is limited. In the present study, we hypothesized that HOTAIR plays a crucial role in colon cancer development. We evaluated the expression of HOTAIR in 120 colon cancer samples, matched adjacent non-tumor mucosa and 32 lymph node metastasis tissues by real-time PCR. Increased HOTAIR expression was significantly correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, organ metastasis, histological differentiation, vascular invasion and advanced tumor stage. Patients with high HOTAIR expression had higher recurrence rates and reduced metastasis-free and overall survival than patients with low HOTAIR expression. Moreover, our findings revealed that HOTAIR had a limited effect on cell proliferation but significantly promoted colon cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Depletion of HOTAIR increased the expression of E-cadherin while concomitantly decreasing expression of vimentin and MMP9. Hence, HOTAIR may be another pleiotropic modulator participating in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These results indicate that HOTAIR may also be a valuable predictor for colon cancer management; furthermore, this lncRNA may be a potential target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Metástasis Linfática/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Movimiento Celular , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Tripartite motif-containing 29 (TRIM29), also known as ataxia-telangiectasia group D, is structurally a member of the tripartite motif family of proteins, which characterized by the conserved RING finger, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. TRIM29 functions as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the tumor types. In this study, we aim to evaluate whether TRIM29 affects the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. The expression of TRIM29 was investigated using real-time PCR in 40 pairs of colorectal cancer tissues and immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 203 cases of primary colorectal cancer paired with non-cancerous tissues. Down-regulation of TRIM29 was achieved by transient transfection in RKO cell lines, and the effects of TRIM29 on tumor proliferation were evaluated by MTT and plate colony formation assays. Results indicated that TRIM29 expression was much higher in colorectal cancer tissues and significantly associated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological differentiation, vascular invasion, ki-67 index, and advanced tumor stage. Patients with TRIM29-positive tumors had a higher recurrence rate and poorer survival than patients with TRIM29-negative tumors. In multivariate analyses, the TRIM29 expression was an independent factor for determining colorectal cancer prognosis after surgery. Moreover, down-regulation of TRIM29 inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, TRIM29 plays an important role in promoting colorectal cancer progression. Our findings suggest that TRIM29 may serve as a novel biomarker for tumor recurrence and survival for colorectal cancer patients.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Metástasis Linfática/genética , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
T-box2 (TBX2) plays a critical role in embryonic development. Recently, deregulated expression of TBX2 has been implicated in several malignancies. However, the expression and the role of TBX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that TBX2 was obviously up-regulated in CRC in comparison with the corresponding normal mucosa at transcriptional and protein level. Up-expression of TBX2 was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.006), distant metastasis (P = 0.038), advanced AJCC stage (P = 0.008), and relapse (P = 0.003). TBX2 was a significantly prognostic factor for decreased survival and increased disease recurrence independent of tumor stage(II, III stage) and functioned as a biomarker to identify prognosis of patients with CRC (OS: HR 2.154; 95% CI 1.019-4.551; P = 0.044, DFS: HR 2.253; 95% CI 1.109-4.575; P = 0.025). Furthermore, TBX2 could serve as a potential target of cancer drug therapy.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Proteínas de Dominio T Box/biosíntesis , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Proteínas de Dominio T Box/genética , Transcripción Genética , Regulación hacia Arriba , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein of the Cullin4B-RING E3 ligase complex, functions in proteolysis. The present study aims to investigate its expression pattern and evaluate whether CUL4B expression was associated with histopathological and prognosis in the patients with colon cancer. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to identify CUL4B expression in tumor tissue and the paired adjacent normal mucosa from patients with colon cancer. Immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 203 cases of colon cancer was performed to analyze the association between CUL4B expression and clinicopathological features. Results indicated that CUL4B mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues were both higher than that in normal mucosae (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical study displayed that high CUL4B expression was significantly associated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological differentiation, vascular invasion, and advanced tumor stage. Patients with CUL4B-positive tumors had a higher recurrence rate and poorer survival than patients with CUL4B-negative tumors. In multivariate analyses, CUL4B expression was an independent factor for determining colon cancer prognosis after surgery. In conclusion, CUL4B might promote the progression of colon cancer and can be served as a novel independent prognostic marker for the prediction of recurrence in colon cancer.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Proteínas Cullin/metabolismo , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/epidemiología , Proteínas Cullin/análisis , Proteínas Cullin/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of linezolid eye drops in rabbit eyes after a single dose administration. METHODS: Forty New Zealand rabbits are topically applied 50 μL of linezolid eye drops. Ocular tears, aqueous humour, cornea and conjunctiva are sampled at different intervals after drug instillation, and the drug levels are assayed by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters are calculated by DAS 2.1.1 process. RESULTS: The peak concentrations of linezolid in tears, aqueous humour, cornea and conjunctiva are (2861.15±669.43) μg · g-1, (165.71±115.04) μg · mL-1, (58.62±15.48) μLg · g-1, and (305.02±287.64) μg · g-1, respectively. The half-lives of elimination are (60.67±25.59), (36.81±37.39), (38.09±11.59), and (19.85±7.06) h and AUC0-∞ are (4211.92±806.09) μg · h · g-1, (1634.65±1174.85) μg · h · mL-1, (2834.13±578.96) μg · h · g-1, and (3883.84±1846.13) μg · h · g-1, respectively. Blank tears, aqueous humour, cornea and conjunctiva didn't interfere with the determination of linezolid. CONCLUSION: Linezolid has a good pharmacokinetic character and permeability in rabbit eyes.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor 4(KLF4) in gastric cancer, and its association with prognosis. METHODS: Surgical specimens were collected from 264 patients undergoing radical surgery between 2004 and 2009 in the Affiliated Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University. KLF4 mRNA level of specimens was detected by real-time PCR. KLF4 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray, which contained primary gastric cancer, corresponding para-cancerous tissue, and paired lymph node metastases. RESULTS: Real-time PCR revealed that mRNA level of KLF4 was down-regulated in gastric cancer compared with paired normal gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray showed gastric cancer tissues had significantly lower KLF4 levels compared with paired normal gastric tissues. By univariate and multivariate analysis, KLF4 was a significant predictor of survival and recurrence. CONCLUSION: KLF4 expression is significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer, and is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence.
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Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Downregulation of metallothionein (MT) genes has been reported in several tumors with discrepant results. This study is to investigate molecular mechanism of MT gene regulation in colon cancer which is characterized by tumor suppressor gene alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Integral analysis of microarray data with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) information was employed. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate MT isoform expression in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. The effects of MT1F expression on RKO cell survival and tumorigenesis was analyzed. Bisulphite sequencing PCR (BSP) and methylation-specific PCR were employed to detect the methylation status of the MT1F gene in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. DNA sequencing was used to examine the LOH at the MT1F locus. RESULTS: MT1F, MT1G, MT1X, and MT2A gene expression was significantly downregulated in colon cancer tissue (p<0.05). Exogenous MT1F expression increased RKO cell apoptosis and inhibited RKO cell migration, invasion and adhesion as well as in vivo tumorigenicity. Downregulation of MT1F gene in majority of human colon tumor tissues is mainly through mechanism by loss of heterozygosity (p=0.001) while CpG island methylation of MT1F gene promoter region was only observed in poorly differentiated, MSI-positive RKO and LoVo colon cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: MT1F is a putative tumor suppressor gene in colon carcinogenesis that is downregulated mainly by LOH in colon cancer tissue. Further studies are required to elucidate a possible role for MT1F downregulation in colon cancer initiation and/or progression.
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Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad , Metalotioneína/genética , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Apoptosis , Adhesión Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Islas de CpG , Metilación de ADN , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes Supresores de Tumor , Humanos , Masculino , Metalotioneína/biosíntesis , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Trasplante HeterólogoRESUMEN
Expression microarrays are widely used for investigating the candidate molecular targets in human cancer. While genome-wide expression signatures screened by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were not performed in Chinese gastric cancer (GC). To gain new molecular targets for GC, GSEA analysis was performed. In the present study, GSEA were used to pick out differentially expressed gene sets of our database. Total RNA of paired tissue samples (n = 48) and a tissue microarray containing 132 paired tissues were used to further validate expression levels of INHBA and its correction with clinicopathological factors. Upregulated INHBA expression in gastric cancer was screened and further confirmed by qPCR and immunostaining analysis. Increased INHBA expression was significantly correlated with the diameter of cancer and depth of tumor invasion. Patients with higher expression levels of INHBA had a shorter disease-free survival rate. It was effective to gain new molecular targets for GC by GSEA analysis. INHBA may be a poor survival indicator of GC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Subunidades beta de Inhibinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Pronóstico , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Matrices TisularesRESUMEN
Background Ginkgolide B (GB) has been proved to have neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects and can effectively inhibit apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells.But the high hydrophobic feature and low bioavailability of GB limit its clinical application.Self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) can effectively improve the infusibility drug dissolution and bioavailability in the retina.Objective This study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and drug-time change of GB-loaded SMEDDS in retina.Methods Eighty SD rats were randomized into 2 groups,2.5％ GB(40 mg/kg) of SMEDDS or GB suspension(0.1％ DMSO dissolve) were gastrically given respectively in two groups.The rats were sacrificed and retinas were isolated 15,30,45 minutes and 1 hour,2,4,8,12 hours to prepare the retinal suspension.The content of GB in retina was assayed with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-(1) (1)ss spectrum (HPLC-ESI-MS) and contrasted with standard curve.Practical drug dynamics program 3p87 was used to detect the pharmacokinetics parameters.The maximal content(Cmax,mg/g),time to peak (Tmax,h),clearance ratio (Ke/h),high-life period (t1/2) and area under the concentration-time curve(AUC0-∞,mg/(g · h)) of GB in various time points in retina after a single oral dose were calculated and compared between two groups.Results The standard curve was obtained over the concentration range of 1-32 mg/L with a linear regression equation,Y =0.0732X + 0.056 (r =0.992).A similar content-time curve was seen between GB suspension group and GB-SMEDDS group.The GB content was higher in GB-SMEDDS group than that in GB suspension group from 30 minutes through 12 hours after administration of drugs.The Cmax of GB-SMEDDS group and GB suspension group were(15.83±1.84) mg/g and(2.65±0.10) mg/g,the AUC0-∞ were(15.30±0.11)mg/(g· h)and(6.42±0.19)mg/(g · h).Conclusions HPLC-ESI-MS is proved to be a rapid,accurate,sensitive and suitable method for pharmocokinetic study of GB.SMEDDS can raise the concent of GB in retina,and it probably improve the bioavailability of GB.
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Biglycan, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, has been implicated in the development and progression of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of biglycan expression in gastric cancer has not been determined. In the present study, biglycan mRNA and protein concentrations were analyzed using quantitative realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in 69 gastric cancer and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, respectively. Biglycan expression was further assessed using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays that contained 264 cases of gastric cancer, and others containing normal or metastasized lymph node tumor tissues. Biglycan was upregulated at the transcriptional and translational levels and there was a correlation between the expression of biglycan mRNA and protein (P = 0.000, κ = 0.769). Over-expression of biglycan was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor (T) classification, metastasis (M) classification, vascular invasion and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage. Patients with biglycan-positive tumors had a significantly higher disease recurrence rate and poorer survival than patients with biglycan-negative tumors after the radical surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that biglycan expression is an independent prognostic indicator for survival of patients with gastric cancer. The data from the current study demonstrate that elevated expression of biglycan may play an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer, and could be further evaluated as a biomarker for predication of a poor clinical outcome.
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Biglicano/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biglicano/genética , Western Blotting , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is important to identify and validate the differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer to screen diagnostic and/or prognostic tumor markers. METHODS: cDNA expression microarray, gene set enrichment analysis, and bioinformatics approaches were used to screen the differentially expressed genes between gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa. A novel candidate prognostic marker, Kallikrein-related peptidase 11 (KLK11), was validated in 400 Chinese gastric cancer patients. KLK11 expression in gastric cancer tissues was detected using real-time PCR and Western blot. KLK11 protein expression was further analyzed by immunostaining on tissue microarray, followed with clinicopathological significance and survival analysis. RESULTS: KLK11 expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer compared with that in normal gastric mucosa (P<0.001). Furthermore, KLK11 expression was much lower in poorly differentiated cancer samples than that in well-differentiated group (P<0.01). Survival analysis showed that negative KLK11 expression was associated with nearly fivefold increased risk of distant metastasis after curative gastrectomy (HR 4.65, P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that KLK11 expression emerged as a significant independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that KLK11 expression was decreased in gastric cancer and might serve as a novel independent prognostic marker.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Serina Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Pronóstico , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Tasa de Supervivencia , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to detect the expression of the Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to associate FOXM1 expression with clinicopathological features of the patients, and predict the prognosis of patients with FOXM1 expression. Surgical tissue specimens from 151 HCC patients were subjected to a tissue microarray construction and immunohistochemistry analysis of FOXM1 and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The data showed that the FOXM1 protein was expressed in 59.3% of the HCC tissues, which was significantly higher compared to that of the surrounding non-tumorous tissues (23.8%; P<0.001). Moreover, FOXM1 expression was positively correlated with the labeling index of PCNA (P<0.001) in HCC and with aggressive tumor phenotypes, such as larger tumor size, multiple tumors, bilobar involvement, poor tumor cell differentiation, advanced stage and macrovascular invasion (P<0.05). In addition, HCC patients with FOXM1-positive tumors had a poorer recurrence-free and overall survival after hepatectomy than those with FOXM1-negative tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that FOXM1 expression was an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome (P<0.05). The data from the current study suggest that FOXM1 may play an important role in HCC progression and could be further evaluated as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Femenino , Proteína Forkhead Box M1 , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Análisis de Matrices TisularesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinicopathologic significance and predictive value of Bmi-1 expression in patients with colon cancer. METHODS: Bmi-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, PCR, and western blotting in specimens from 203 patients and by immunohistochemistry in 66 specimens of lymph node metastasis (LNM). RESULTS: Positive staining of Bmi-1 occurred in 7.9% (16/203), 66.5% (135/203), and 86.4% (57/66) of specimens from normal tissue, colon cancer, and LNM, respectively. Staining was significantly correlated with clinical stage, depth of invasion, nodal involvement, distant metastasis, and Ki67 level. Bmi-1 was upregulated at the transcriptional and translational levels. Patients with Bmi-1-positive localized tumors had a much lower 5-year disease-free survival (relative risk 2.919, P < 0.0001) and overall survival (relative risk 5.056, P < 0.0001). Bmi-1 immunoreactivity emerged as an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that expression of Bmi-1 was elevated in colon cancer and might serve as an independent prognostic marker.
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Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/biosíntesis , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/biosíntesis , Proteínas Represoras/biosíntesis , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Western Blotting , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Complejo Represivo Polycomb 1 , Pronóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Recurrencia , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As a model for both multistep and multipathway carcinogenesis, colorectal neoplastic progression provides paradigms for researching both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). However, the mechanism of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not completely understood, and many genes may be involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to screen for the potential TSGs on chromosome 1q31.1-32.1 in Chinese patients with sporadic colorectal cancer, to explore whether colorectal cancer in the Chinese population has unique genetic alterations and determine whether other putative TSGs exist and contribute to colon carcinogenesis. METHODS: Six polymorphic microsatellite markers, at a density of approximately one marker in every 1.6 cM, were chosen for refined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) mapping of 1q31.1-32.1. Eighty-three colorectal cancer patients' tumor and normal DNA were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for these microsatellite markers. PCR products were eletrophoresed on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 3.1 and Genotype 2.1 software were used for LOH scanning and analysis. On the basis of refined LOH mapping results, we undertook a microarray-based expression screening to identify tumor association genes in 19 of the CRC cases. RESULTS: The average LOH frequency of 1q31.1-32.1 was 24.41%, with the highest frequency of 36.73% (18/49) at D1S2622, and the lowest of 16.42% (11/67) at D1S412. A minimal region of frequent deletion was located within a 2 cM genomic segment at D1S413-D1S2622. There was no significant association between LOH of any marker in the studied regions and the clinicopathological data (patient sex, age, tumor size, growth pattern, or Dukes stage). On the basis of refined mapping results, we chose 25 genes located in the D1S413-D1S2622 (1q31.3-32.1) region and presented a microarray-based high throughput screening approach in 19 sporadic CRC cases to identify candidate CRC related tumor suppressor genes. This study found 4 significantly down-expressed genes, including CSRP1, LMOD1, PPP1R12B and CFHL3. There was no significant association between expression levels of CFHL3, CSRP1, LMOD1, PPP1R12B and the clinicopathological data. By database searching, CSRP1 was hypothesized to be a colorectal cancer related tumor suppressor gene. CONCLUSIONS: Through detailed deletion mapping, we found that the 1q31.3-32.1 region might harbor one or more colorectal cancer related tumor suppressor gene (s). And by microarray-based high-throughput screening of candidate genes located in this region and by subsequent database searching, we present the first evidence that CSRP1 might be involved in the progression of CRC.
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Cromosomas Humanos Par 1/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Genes Supresores de Tumor/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pueblo Asiatico , Femenino , Humanos , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad/genética , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Apoptosis was induced by taxol treatment in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata cells. Differential display technique was used to investigate the induced-gene expression between the taxol-induced T. cuspidata cells and normal control. Eight different expressed cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced. These differential expressed fragments were further confirmed by Northern blotting hybridization with their original total RNAs. The result showed that three of the cDNA fragments were from control RNA and five of those were from taxol-induced T. cuspidata cells. The homology of the sequences revealed that one of the clones had 86% homology with ABA-responsive protein gene sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana, two of the clones had 50% homology with endochitinase precursor in tomato and the other 5 clones, which might be new gene fragments, had no significant homology with the known gene sequences in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ.