RESUMEN
Introduction: How does the behavior of putting things away (putting them in) in a container and using them again (taking them out) develop in young children? Though object interaction is one of the most examined topics in child development, research on organized behavior with various objects and containers at home is lacking. Rather than conducting experiments on young children's interactions with objects, this study focused on natural child-object interaction in the home. Methods: We conducted a case study on a young child's natural interaction with objects at home, focusing on when the child puts them in or takes them out of a container (the shelf, the cabinet, or the box). The study took place over 2½ years. Results: The behaviors of putting many objects in a container and taking them out appeared at 9 months old. After acquiring the skill of walking, the child carried the objects using bags. Putting objects in and taking them out was embedded in the locomotion, and the child prepared the containers of toys before play. Pulling as many objects out as possible became rare after 19 months of age. Taking objects out became more appropriate in that context. The child brought out the container before the activity and put things away afterward. Discussion: Based on these findings, the development of organized object interaction as well as the anticipation and significance of the naturalistic longitudinal observations are discussed.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to 1) quantify the evidence-practice gap (EPG) between dental clinical practice and published evidence on Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) among dentists in Japan; and 2) examine the hypothesis that dentist characteristics have a significant association with the EPG. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study via use of a web-based questionnaire survey of dentists who were affiliated with the Dental Practice-based Research Network Japan (nâ¯=â¯297). To quantify the EPG on MID, we used a questionnaire that included 10 clinical questions or scenarios to assess concordance between dental practice and published evidence on MID. We evaluated concordance by coding responses to each question as consistent or inconsistent with the evidence. An overall concordance was then determined as percent of responses that were consistent with published evidence for 10 questions. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between dentist characteristics and higher overall concordance (≥median) with published evidence. RESULTS: Mean and median overall dentist-level concordance were both 60 % (SD: 18, interquartile range: 50-75 %). Logistic regression analysis showed that "gender of dentist", "city population", and "frequency of obtaining evidence from the scientific journal articles in English" were significantly associated with high concordance, with odds ratios (95 % CIs) of 2.33 (1.01-5.39), 2.01 (1.02-3.96), and 2.45 (1.08-5.59), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese dentists demonstrated medium concordance with published evidence, indicating that an EPG on MID exists in Japanese dental clinical practices. Dentist-specific characteristics had significant associations with high concordance with published evidence. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the establishment and dissemination of the concept of MID, the EPG on MID exists in Japanese dental clinical practices. A high concordance was significantly associated with the following dentist characteristics: "female dentist", "dental clinic location in a government-ordinance-designated city", and "frequently obtaining evidence from the English-language scientific journal articles".