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Background: Renal disease is a major problem in terms of community health and the economy. Skeletal muscle is involved in crosstalk with the kidney. We therefore investigated the relationship between muscle quality and quantity, and renal parenchymal volume (RPV). Methods: The association between the parameters of skeletal muscle and RPV/body surface area (BSA) was analyzed by computed tomography in 728 middle-aged participants without kidney disease or diabetes mellitus in a cross-sectional study. A retrospective cohort study of 68 participants was undertaken to analyze the association between changes in RPV/BSA and muscle parameters. Parameter change was calculated as follows: parameter at the follow-up examination/parameter at the baseline examination. The normal attenuation muscle (NAM) and low attenuation muscle (LAM) were identified by Hounsfield Unit thresholds of +30 to +150, and -29 to +29, respectively. Results: Positive correlations were found between estimated glomerular filtration rate and RPV/BSA (r = 0.451, P < .0001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the NAM index was positively related to RPV/BSA (ß = 0.458, P < .0001), whereas the LAM index was negatively related to RPV/BSA (ß = -0.237, P < .0001). In this cohort study, a change in the LAM index was independently associated with a change in RPV/BSA (ß = -0.349, P = .0032). Conclusion: Both trunk muscle quantity and quality were associated with renal volume related to renal function in nondiabetic people. An increase in low quality muscle volume might be related to a decrease in renal volume.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one focus of healthcare system reform in Japan. We examined the effects of changes in individual risk factors over time on the incidence of major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in adults under the age of 50 years. Study participants under the age of 50 with neither hypertension nor hyperglycemia at baseline were analyzed. We used a parametric proportional hazard model to determine the effect of changes in abdominal circumference, blood pressure, serum lipids, and blood glucose on the incidence of MACCE.A total of 6,125 women and 6,403 men were subject to the analyses. The incidence rate of MACCE per 1,000 person-years was 1.17 for women and 2.42 for men. In men under the age of 50, an increase in abdominal circumference was associated with an increase in MACCE incidence (hazard ratio per 1 cm increase: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.17), whereas no statistically significant association was observed in women. Compared with Visit 1, if the abdominal circumference increased by 4 cm at Visit 3, the hazard ratio for developing MACCE was approximately 1.5 (hazard ratio 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.86). In men under the age of 50, increases in abdominal circumference and systolic blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of developing MACCE, regardless of the degree of obesity at baseline. Therefore, encouraging young adults to improve their health before developing MetS may reduce the risk of MACCE.
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Trastornos Cerebrovasculares , Síndrome Metabólico , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Incidencia , Factores de Riesgo , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Estilo de Vida , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious liver disease. Recent studies have shown that both visceral adipose tissue (VAT) quantity and density (as an indirect measure of quality) are associated with metabolic profiles. Therefore, we investigated the association between VAT quantity and quality, and the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study, the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD were analyzed in 627 and 360 middle-aged subjects, respectively. VAT was evaluated using an unenhanced computed tomography scan, while NAFLD was evaluated using ultrasonography. The VAT area was normalized to the square value of the subjects' height in meters, the visceral fat area (VFA) index. The VAT density was described as the visceral fat density (VFD). The VFA index and VFD had an interaction effect on the prevalence of NAFLD (P = 0.0059). The VFA index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.07; P = 0.0145, per 1.0 cm2/m2) and the VFD (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96; P = 0.0026, per 1.0 Hounsfield unit [HU]) were independently associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. In our cohort, 36 subjects developed NAFLD. The VFD (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.91; P < 0.0001, per 1.0 HU) was independently associated with the incidence of NAFLD, whereas the VFA index was not. CONCLUSION: Both the VFA index and VFD were independently associated with NAFLD prevalence. The VFD might be more related to the incidence of NAFLD than the VFA index.
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Grasa Intraabdominal , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of the study was to examine whether the change in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection had influenced upper gastrointestinal diseases in a recent 17-year period. METHODS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was examined by serum H. pylori antibody tests in the subjects undergoing annual health checks at the Social Insurance Shiga Hospital in 1998 and 2005 (142 and 242 subjects, respectively). The prevalence of H. pylori infection in 1988 was estimated by parallel translation from the prevalence in 1998. A total of 2833 records of endoscopy performed in 1988 and 2005 at Otsu Municipal Hospital were studied. The age-adjusted prevalence of peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and reflux esophagitis were compared between 1988 and 2005. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of H. pylori infection significantly decreased in 2005 compared with 1988 (70.5-52.7%). The endoscopic records of 937 and 1246 patients in 1988 and 2005, respectively, were included in the analysis. The age-adjusted prevalence of peptic ulcer significantly decreased 0.34-fold in both men and women in 2005 compared with 1988. The age-adjusted prevalence of gastric cancer significantly decreased 0.44-fold in men, but did not change in women (0.99-fold), and overall significantly decreased 0.56-fold. The age-adjusted prevalence of reflux esophagitis significantly increased 6.6-, 2.7- and 4.8-fold in men, women and total, respectively. The increase was dominant in men aged 30-69 years. CONCLUSION: Over the 17-year period, accompanying the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection, the age-adjusted prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer decreased, but that of reflux esophagitis increased.
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Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/inmunología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Esofagitis Péptica/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera Péptica/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection represents a high-risk state of gastric cancer, but the risk is even higher in gastric atrophy. H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) and serum pepsinogen (PG) tests are useful tools for screening present infection and gastric atrophy, respectively. To determine the prevalence of subjects at a high risk (HpSA+ or PG+) or very high risk (PG+) of gastric cancer in Japan, we applied the two tests to a general population. METHODS: The subjects included 311 volunteers. We used Meridian HpSA ELISA for the HpSA test and Pepsinogen RIA Beads for the PG test. PG I at 50% of those older than 40 years). Half of the subjects older than 60 years were PG+. CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, more than 50% of general population aged >/=40 years is at a high risk of gastric cancer, and half of the population aged >/=60 years is at a very high risk.