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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-impact physical exercise as a prophylactic and therapeutic means in osteopenic bones of rats submitted to ovariectomy and protein diet intake. A total of 64 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 8 each), being: OVX, ovx, standard diet and sedentary; OVXE, ovx, standard diet and jump; OVXP, ovx, high-protein diet and sedentary; and OVXEP, ovx, high-protein diet and jump; SH, sham, standard diet and sedentary; SHE, sham, standard diet and jump; SHP, sham, high-protein diet and sedentary; and SHEP, sham, high-protein diet and jump. OVX surgery consists of ovariectomy, and sham was the control surgery. The jumping protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. A high-protein diet resulted in increased bone mineral density (P = .049), but decreased maximal load (P = .026) and bone volume fraction (P = .023). The benefits of physical exercise were demonstrated by higher values of the maximal load in the trained groups compared to the sedentary groups (P < .001). The sham groups had decreased immunostaining of osteocalcin (P = .004) and osteopontin (P = .010) compared to ovx groups. However, the high-protein diet (P = .005) and jump exercise (P = .017) resulted in lower immunostaining of osteopontin compared to the standard diet and sedentary groups, respectively. In this experimental model, it was concluded that ovariectomy and a high-fat diet can negatively affect bone tissue and the high-impact exercise was not enough to suppress the deleterious effects caused by the protein diet and ovariectomy.
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Densidad Ósea , Huesos/fisiología , Dieta Rica en Proteínas , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Femenino , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Ovariectomía , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The relationship between obesity and bone tissue remains contradictory, especially when the effect of high-fat diet is assessed in experimental models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-fat diet on bone metabolism of growing rats. METHODS: Twenty weaned female Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups: SD (standard diet) and HFD (high-fat diet with 60 % of energy as fat). After five weeks of the two diets, the rats were euthanized, and the liver, blood and bones extracted. The liver was analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Blood was analysed by the ELISA method for osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11/RANKL). The bone tissue was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), mechanical tests, computed microtomography, histological quantitative analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The gene expressions of PPAR-γ Runx-2, RANKL and Cathepsin-K were also evaluated. RESULTS: HFD caused an increase in the MDA concentration, indicating oxidative stress. It also increased the expression of PPAR-γ, which is the gene that is related to adipocyte differentiation. There was an increase in BMD of the tibia of animals fed with the HFD, but other microstructural and mechanical properties were maintained unaltered. In addition, there were no changes in the gene expressions related to the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as no changes to the biochemical markers of bone formation and bone resorption. CONCLUSION: Liver and gene parameters are changed in response to the HFD. However, although there was an increase in BMD, the microstructure and function of the bone did not change after a 5-week HFD.
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Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adipocitos/citología , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Resorción Ósea , Catepsina K/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/citología , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tibia/anatomía & histología , Tibia/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Novel lamellar nanocomposites composed of exfoliated SbP2O8- nanosheets and poly(N-methyl-2-ethynyl pyridinium iodide) (PNMe) or poly(N-octadecyl-2-ethynyl pyridinium bromide) (PNO) have been synthesized by exfoliation and re-stacking method. The XRD data of the nanocomposites SbP2O8-:PNMe and PNO:SbP2O8- indicate the formation of nanostructures containing SbP2O8- nanosheets and PNMe or PNO with interlayer expansions of 2.22 and 4.2 nm along the stacking direction of SbP2O8- nanosheets. Formation of these nanocomposites is further supported by the results obtained by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The values of electrical conductivity of the polymers and nanocomposites have also been measured.
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In liver surgery, accurate assessments of liver resection volume and anatomical variation are mandatory for preoperative planning of safe curative hepatectomy. In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), estimation of hepatic venous drainage is important to avoid liver graft and donor residual liver congestion. This paper reviews the articles on simulation-guided liver surgery and describes our novel 3D hepatectomy simulation system for liver resection and transplantation. Our 3D simulation system, based on the hepatic circulation, provided accurate volumetric and stereotactic information for preoperative planning of curative hepatectomy. In addition, our simulation program was applicable to the hepatic venous system to predict liver congestion in LDLT. Future studies include assessment of the impact of the simulation technologies on surgical education, and their exact cost-effectiveness must be also assessed objectively.
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Simulación por Computador , Hepatectomía/métodos , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Humanos , Circulación Hepática , Donadores Vivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
The dynamics of closely index matched colloidal crystals of charged silica spheres dispersed in deionized ethylene glycol-water mixture is investigated using dynamic light scattering. At variance with the reports of phonon dispersion measurements on thin colloidal crystals, our observations on millimeter-sized crystals show unambiguous evidence for overdamped transverse modes turning propagative in the range of small wave numbers in agreement with the theory of hydrodynamic interactions in charged colloidal crystals.
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Coloides/química , Cristalización/métodos , Glicol de Etileno/química , Modelos Químicos , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Coloides/análisis , Simulación por Computador , Microesferas , Conformación Molecular , Transición de Fase , Polvos , Soluciones , Electricidad Estática , ViscosidadRESUMEN
As an intermediate sample of ionic solutes between colloidal particles (macroions) and simple electrolyte ions, we made small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements for aqueous solutions of poly(amido amine) dendrimers of three generations (G4, G7, and G10). The SAXS curves of univalent acid solutions showed a single scattering peak, as observed for synthetic macroions. The peak position was dependent on the dendrimer concentration but independent not only of the acid concentration (degree of protonation) but also of the counterion species. The effective charge density of the dendrimer determined by conductivity measurements was found to be insensitive to the acid concentration and the counterion species. The nearest neighbor interparticle distance 2D(exp) calculated from the peak position of the structure factor of G7 and G10 was obviously smaller, though slightly, than the average interparticle distance 2D(0) calculated from molecular weights and concentrations of dendrimers, implying that acid solutions of dendrimers formed the two-state structures by the attractive force. The ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering curve for the hydrochloric acid solution did not show an upturn, which indicates the existence of large scale structural inhomogeneities such as localized ordered structures, probably due to the weak attraction and hence less clear distinction of the ordered and disordered regions. For sulfuric acid solutions, clear scattering peaks were not observed. The bivalent counterions were more strongly associated with the dendrimer ions than the univalent ones. The resulting low charge number of the dendrimers with the bivalent counterion was confirmed directly by the conductivity measurements. These observations confirm that the counterion-mediated attraction does exist even with the univalent counterions and point out that the frequently advanced claim that the effective potential is essentially repulsive with univalent counterions while attraction appears with bivalent counterions is not necessarily correct. It is noted that the intensity of the counterion-mediated attraction in dendrimer solutions is dictated by both the effective charge density and the effective charge number, in contrast with macroionic solutions or colloidal dispersions in which only the effective charge density appeared to be important.
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We report a case of hypopharyngeal lipoma. An 82-year-old woman referred to our clinic for 10 years of wheezing and intermittent breathlessness developing 1 month before admission was found on laryngoscopic examination to have a mobile mass arising from the hypopharyngeal region intermittently obstructing the laryngeal airway. After emergency tracheotomy, the tumor was removed under direct laryngoscopy, given the patients age and general status. Under general anesthesia, the tumor was extirpated using a laser and electric scalpel under microlaryngoscopy. The operative wound was sutured under direct laryngoscopy using a specially designed probe with a U-shaped tip. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as lipoma. The surgical procedure enabled the operative wound to heal rapidly and oral feeding to start early.
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Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/cirugía , Laringoscopía/métodos , Lipoma/cirugía , Técnicas de Sutura , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Right hemihepatectomy (RH) for proximal bile duct cancer occasionally results in liver failure. We report the feasibility of left hemihepatectomy (LH) with vascular reconstruction (VR) of the right-sided hilar vessels to preserve hepatic reserve. METHODS: Among 110 patients with proximal bile duct cancer (PBC) treated between January 1980 and December 1998, 11 patients underwent LH with VR of eight portal veins and nine hepatic arteries, and 14 underwent RH with VR of four portal veins and one hepatic artery. Microsurgical techniques were used in 80% (8/10) of the hepatic arterial reconstructions. RESULTS: Although operation time was significantly longer in the LH group, hospital mortality, blood loss and incidence of histologically cancer positive margin at the bilioenteric anastomotic site were similar in the two groups. Peak serum liver enzyme concentration was significantly higher in the LH group with longer inflow occlusion time, whereas peak serum total bilirubin concentration was significantly higher in the RH group, which had smaller liver remnant. No liver abscess occurred in any patients who underwent microvascular reconstructions. The cumulative survival of the LH group was worse than that of the RH group, in which the proportion of vascular invasion was lower, but not significantly. CONCLUSION: LH with right-sided microvascular reconstruction is technically possible and a feasible option when RH is likely to result in postoperative liver failure.
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Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Hepatectomía/métodos , Arteria Hepática/cirugía , Hígado/fisiología , Microcirugia/métodos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Hepático/prevención & control , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Hyaluronate-hydroxyethyl acrylate blend hydrogels which have a wide range of composition and characteristics were investigated. Glycidyl methacrylate derivatized hyaluronate (GMA-HA) were synthesized by coupling GMA to hyaluronate (HA) in the presence of a photoinduced initiator for polymerization. By copolymerizing radically GMA-HA and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) under various compositions (weight ratios of HEA and GMA-HA: 1-20), GMA-HA hydrogels could be prepared in wide ranges of characteristics. These HA-PHEA gels possessed the feature that the dried ones recovered completely to the original swelling states on repeated runs, i.e. recyclable gels. The water contents of these hydrogels in equilibrium swellings in water (W(w)) were 0.99-0.86, and their viscoelastic properties were measured by a creep. The spontaneous elastic moduli were 1.05x10(5)-1.94x10(5) N m(-2), and they were mechanically tough. Their effective charge densities were estimated from the partition coefficients of sodium benzoate (NaBA) and decreased from -0.033 to -0.044 mol dm(-3) with increasing contents of HEA. Release of NaBA was studied, and the diffusion coefficients were found to be from 6.95x10(-10) to 0.12x10(-10) m(2) s(-1) with increasing the ratio of HEA. Their diffusion coefficients were found to be much less than the values estimated from the lattice model.
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Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Hidrogeles , Acrilatos/administración & dosificación , Difusión , Ácido Hialurónico/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
We report the preparation and characteristics of a novel micellar aggregate of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(methylglutamate) (PMG)-poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG), whose terminus was modified by lactose lactone (LA). Due to the terminal LA moiety, this aggregate could be specifically recognized by RCA120 lectin. PMG-PEG-LA was synthesized by polymerizing the N-carboxy anhydride of L-glutamic acid gamma-methyl ester with H2N-PEG-LA as a polymerization initiator. By applying a fluorescence method using pyrene as a probe molecule, we found that PMG-PEG-LA could form the aggregate in aqueous solution. Fluorescence measurements showed that the critical aggregation concentration (C.A.C.) was 1.1 x 10(-5) M. The average diameter of the aggregate was 220 nm at 25 degrees C, as determined by the dynamic light scattering method. Circular dichroism measurements for the aggregate solution showed that the PMG residue took an alpha-helical structure, and that they associated to constitute the hydrophobic core of the aggregate. By adding RCA120 lectin to the aggregate solution, the turbidity of the solution increased rapidly, due to association of the aggregates. This implies that the aggregate could be recognized by lectin, and also suggests that sugar residues locate at the surface of the aggregates. From these findings, we concluded that the PMG-PEG-LA molecules form an aggregate like a "sugar ball" micelle, whose surface is covered by the sugar moieties. Application of the present aggregate system as a drug carrier is briefly discussed.
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Lactosa/química , Lectinas/química , Micelas , Polietilenglicoles/química , Proteínas/química , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
We developed a new surgical technique combining autologous intracordal transplantation of fat and fascia for sulcus vocalis. Fat tissue from the abdominal wall and fascia from the postauricular region were obtained and an incision was made on the lateral portion of the vocal cord and a small pocket prepared in the lamina propria using an elevator. After inserting fat tissue into the pocket, fascia was inserted to cover the fat graft to prevent its escape from the pocket. The surgical wound was then sutured using absorbable sutures. No evidence of postoperative absorption of transplanted fat tissue was seen, and vocal function improved postoperatively. This method proved useful as surgical treatment for sulcus vocalis.
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Tejido Adiposo/trasplante , Enfermedades de la Laringe/cirugía , Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/métodos , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver transplantation has been widely accepted for the treatment of children with end-stage liver disease over the last 10 years particularly with the advent of reduced-size liver transplant technique. This study reviewed the perioperative and long-term results in the pediatric program of the Queensland Liver Transplant Service, Brisbane, Australia. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective analysis was performed in 153 children who received 176 liver grafts between 1985 and 1995, including 109 (62%) reduced-size and 67 (38%) whole liver grafts. Median follow-up period was 5.3 years. RESULTS: One-, 5-, and 10-year patient and graft survival rates were 82% and 74%, 75% and 63%, and 70% and 60%, respectively. Normal physical and intellectual development was observed in 98% of survivors. There were no significant differences in patient or graft survival rates between transplants using reduced-size and whole liver grafts. Portal vein thrombosis was the most common vascular complication, occurring in 8%. Hepatic artery thrombosis occurred in 7%, including 11% of children less than 1 year old and 8% of those under 10 kg. Biliary complication was found in 16% and posttransplant gastrointestinal perforation in 19%. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation has the potential to cure and allow development in children with end-stage liver disease.
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Trasplante de Hígado , Adolescente , Enfermedades de los Conductos Biliares/etiología , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil , Preescolar , Femenino , Supervivencia de Injerto , Crecimiento , Arteria Hepática , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Vena Porta , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombosis/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been improved by progress in the evaluation of hepatic functional reserve, surgical techniques and perioperative management. However, even when curative resection is performed at a relatively early stage, a considerable number of patients develop early intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic recurrence postoperatively. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features of HCC with early recurrence. METHODS: We reviewed records of 513 consecutive patients who had undergone liver resection for HCC. There were 48 deaths within a year after surgery from recurrence, including 21 patients with stage II or III HCC (group I). Clinicopathologic parameters of group I patients were compared with those of 188 patients (group II) who developed recurrence following resection of stage II or III HCC and died more than 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, age, tumor diameter (phi), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP):phi and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II):phi were significantly greater in group I than in group II. Macroscopic portal vein invasion, microscopic vascular invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, poor differentiation, pleomorphism, sarcomatous change, vascular lake, and angiographic condensed pooling were more frequently observed in group I than group II. Five independent determinants were selected by multivariate analysis: AFP:phi, histologic pleomorphism, sarcomatous change, vascular lake and angiographic condensed pooling. CONCLUSIONS: Highly malignant HCC with extremely poor prognosis exhibits peculiar clinicopathologic characteristics, particularly histologic immaturity, and can be predicted by preoperative indicators such as markedly elevated tumor marker concentrations and condensed pooling on angiography.
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Biomarcadores , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Hepatectomía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Hígado/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Anciano , Angiografía , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Precursores de Proteínas/análisis , Protrombina/análisis , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisisRESUMEN
Simultaneous recordings of EGG, PGG and high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) of vocal fold vibration were made in 3 normal male subjects and the results were compared to evaluate the usefulness of EGG and PGG for the analysis of the vibratory pattern. Each subject was required to produce sounds of 3 different pitches at 3 different intensity levels in the recording sessions and the 27 sets of data samples were collected. For each data set, the glottal area waveform (GAW), glottal width waveform (GWW), EGG, differentiated EGG, PGG, differentiated PGG, and voice waveform were displayed in a graphic form on the same time axis and their patterns were compared. Based on the analysis of GAW and GWW, it was found that there were variations in the pattern of closing and opening of the vocal fold margin corresponding to the differences in the type of phonation. The EGG waveform appeared to correspond well to that of the movement of the vocal fold margin in the closing phase, while the correspondency was less apparent in the opening phase. It is considered that the EGG waveform is dependent on the mode of contact between the two vocal folds and that a careful observation of the EGG is useful and practical for predicting the pattern of vocal fold vibration. On the other hand, it was difficult to determine the onset of the closing and opening phases only from PGG waveform and there was a timing difference between the PGG and GAW. Although PGG seemed to be useful for judging the presence or absence of the opening phase and for the pitch measurement, it is considered to be unsuitable for a precise cycle-by-cycle analysis of the pattern of vocal fold vibration.
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Glotis/fisiología , Pliegues Vocales/fisiología , Adulto , Electrofisiología , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Masculino , VibraciónRESUMEN
Efficacy of retrograde continuous cold blood cardioplegia (RCBC) during aortic valve replacement combined with coronary bypass grafting was studied. Forty patients underwent elective aortic valve replacement, either combined with coronary bypass grafting (7 patients: group I), or isolated (33 patients: group II) using RCBC between 1996 and 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Aortic cross clamp time was significantly prolonged in group I (150 +/- 33 min) compared to group II (109 +/- 32 min). The postoperative peak creatine kinase-MB levels were similar in both groups (73.3 +/- 23.9 versus 97.6 +/- 88.7 ng/ml). The doses of dopamine and dobutamine administered during 24 hours after surgery did not differ between the two groups (7.5 +/- 3.9 versus 6.5 +/- 5.5 mg/kg). The early (< 30-day) mortality was 0 in group I, and 3.0% in group II. These results suggest that RCBC is a safe method of myocardial protection in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting.
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Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Paro Cardíaco Inducido/métodos , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Anciano , Enfermedad Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad Coronaria/cirugía , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/complicaciones , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
This study was designed to clarify what differences the last 25 years have made in surgical results for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined results for 716 hepatectomized patients in four treatment eras: first era (1973-1980; n = 58), second era (1981-1985; n = 155), third era (1986-1990; n = 243), and fourth era (1991-1997; n = 260). Patient background, tumor characteristics, type of hepatectomy, treatment for intrahepatic recurrences, and surgical results in the four eras were compared by univariate analysis to clarify the factors that have contributed to or impeded progress in the surgical treatment of HCC. Although there were no significant chronological differences in liver pathology and surgical resectability, operative mortality was reduced to 2% in the fourth era, from 29% in the first era. With an increasing proportion of early-stage HCCs (TNM, stages I and II), the cumulative survival rate at 5 years improved in the course of the eras in our overall population of patients (12%, 31%, 38%, and 51%, respectively, for the first, second, third, and fourth eras) and in a subset of the population divided according to tumor stage. Also, we found a chronological improvement in the survival rate at 3 years after intrahepatic recurrence (10%, 28%, 36%, and 44%, respectively in the first second, third, and fourth eras). This improvement was associated with the establishment of an early detection program for intrahepatic recurrences. However, the recurrence rate was similar in any subset of the population through the four eras. Although this univariate study could not determine independent factors that contributed to the chronological progress in results for HCC surgery in the four eras, it is conceivable that the establishment of indication criteria for hepatectomy, an early detection program for primary and recurrent lesions, and the introduction of multimodal treatment for recurrence were contributory factors in this improvement. A strategy for alleviating the frequent recurrences originating from posthepatectomy metachronous carcinogenesis remains to be established.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Hepatectomía/tendencias , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Análisis de Varianza , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Embolización Terapéutica , Hepatectomía/mortalidad , Arteria Hepática , Humanos , Japón , Ligadura , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
A 22 year-old female came to our clinic complaining of a swallowing disturbance and dyspnea. ENT examination revealed a spherical mass at the base of the tongue partially obstructing the airway. Scintigraphy with an iodine isotope confirmed that the mass was an ectopic thyroid. Under general anesthesia, and the mass was carefully dissected together with its the feeding vessels and transplanted into the right submandibular gland was removed the space that had been created. The postoperative course was uneventful. Thyroid function one month after surgery was at the same level as before surgery, and scintigraphy two months after the operation revealed normal uptake in the area of the transplanted thyroid.
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Coristoma/cirugía , Glándula Tiroides/trasplante , Enfermedades de la Lengua/cirugía , Adulto , Coristoma/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Glándula Submandibular/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Lengua/patología , Trasplante Autólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Complexes composed of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied to elucidate the exact composition of the complex, the phase separation, the electrophoretic mobility and the size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), etc. The phase diagram of the mixed solutions was determined. The complexes were soluble in neutral or weakly acidic pH regions and showed phase separation in the more acidic pH region. From the concentration of Na+ released from NaHA when it binds to BSA, the ratios of BSA to NaHA of the complexes were determined. In the region of soluble complexes, one BSA molecule was determined to bind with 15 carboxylic groups of NaHA and in the region of insoluble complexes to bind with 6 carboxylic groups. At the phase separation point, 117 BSA molecules bound with one NaHA molecule and 17% of the carboxylic groups of NaHA did not contribute to the binding of BSA. The sizes of the complexes decreased from several microm to several hundred nm as the binding ratio of BSA increases. Decreases in the viscosities of the mixed solutions were consistent with the decreases of the sizes. From these results, a model of complex formation is proposed.
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Ácido Hialurónico/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/química , Animales , Bovinos , Difusión , Focalización Isoeléctrica , Sodio/química , Solubilidad , Soluciones , ViscosidadRESUMEN
Composite graft replacement of the aortic root has become a routine procedure for annuloaortic ectasia (AAE) and aortic valve insufficiency (AR) with aortic dissection and the results have improved. We treated six cases of aortic root reconstruction using the Carrel patch method in 1998. The Top-Hat/Gelweave Composite graft fit together well and the procedure is technically similar to standard valve replacement. Upon measuring the valve size a Gelweave graft 1 mm larger than the valve size should be selected. There were no incidence of hemorrhage or postoperative hemolysis. Further long-term follow-up is necessary.