RESUMEN
Biochar (BC) granulation, yielding BC-based spheres, serves as an eco-friendly, cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of potential toxic elements (PTEs) from contaminated agricultural soils. The effect of BC-based spheres on mineral nutrients while effectively removing PTEs from contaminated soils is worth investigating. In this study, we utilized natural clay minerals, magnetic minerals and BC to produce water-hardened magnetic composite biochar sphere (WMBCS) that was capable of removing PTEs from composite contaminated agricultural soils. We explored the effect of WMBCS on minerals (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Na, Mg, Si, K, P, NH4+, and NO3-) in the removal of soil PTEs. WMBCS was a mineral nutrient-rich, recyclable, alkaline BC-based sphere that removes Cd (23.07-29.20 %), Pb (27.68-31.10 %), and As (26.17-37.48 %) from soils after three regeneration cycles. The effect of WMBCS on mineral nutrients varies depending on element type, BC and soil type. Compared to water-hardened magnetic composite phosphate modified biochar spheres (WMPBCS), water-hardened magnetic composite unmodified biochar spheres (WMUBCS) had more significant effect on Ca, Mg, Mn, Al and NH4+ in alkaline soils, but a greater effect on Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and NO3- in acidic soils. Additionally, WMBCS displayed a more pronounced impact on mineral nutrients in alkaline soils than in acidic soils. The application of WMBCS reduced the accumulation of PTEs in wheat (18.40-84.70 %) and rice (27.96-88.66 %), but significantly inhibited seed germination and altered the uptake of mineral nutrients by seedlings due to its effects on soil physicochemical properties and mineral nutrient dynamics. Overall, WMBCS is suitable as a potential amendment for the remediation of soils co-contaminated with Cd, As, and Pb, but its effects on mineral nutrients cannot be overlooked, particularly in agricultural soils.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Carbón Orgánico , Minerales , Contaminantes del Suelo , Suelo , Carbón Orgánico/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Suelo/química , Minerales/química , Agricultura/métodos , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodos , AdsorciónRESUMEN
Media content forgery is widely spread over the Internet and has raised severe societal concerns. With the development of deep learning, new technologies such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and media forgery technology have already been utilized for politicians and celebrity forgery, which has a terrible impact on society. Existing GAN-generated face detection approaches rely on detecting image artifacts and the generated traces. However, these methods are model-specific, and the performance is deteriorated when faced with more complicated methods. What's more, it is challenging to identify forgery images with perturbations such as JPEG compression, gamma correction, and other disturbances. In this paper, we propose a global-local facial fusion network, namely GLFNet, to fully exploit the local physiological and global receptive features. Specifically, GLFNet consists of two branches, i.e., the local region detection branch and the global detection branch. The former branch detects the forged traces from the facial parts, such as the iris and pupils. The latter branch adopts a residual connection to distinguish real images from fake ones. GLFNet obtains forged traces through various ways by combining physiological characteristics with deep learning. The method is stable with physiological properties when learning the deep learning features. As a result, it is more robust than the single-class detection methods. Experimental results on two benchmarks have demonstrated superiority and generalization compared with other methods.
Asunto(s)
Benchmarking , Compresión de Datos , Rayos gamma , Internet , IrisRESUMEN
Multiple articles have confirmed that an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is closely related to aberrant immune responses of the intestines and to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Probiotic strains have been identified for the treatment and prevention of IBDs. The aim of this study was to screen a new probiotic strain with anti-inflammatory activity and investigate the potential mechanisms underlying its activity. We identified a new probiotic strain, L. lactis ML2018, that has anti-inflammatory properties and was isolated from traditional fermented food. In an in vitro experiment, L. lactis ML2018 prevented the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the production of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of L. lactis ML2018 were evaluated using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced animal model of colitis. Oral administration of L. lactis ML2018 significantly ameliorated colitis induced by DSS, which included preventing a decrease in body weight, shortening of the colon length and apoptosis of epithelial cells. L. lactis ML2018 could inhibit DSS-induced intestinal inflammation by preventing the overproduction of proinflammatory factors, suppressing the infiltration of macrophages, controlling the fibrosis, improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and upregulating the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, L. lactis ML2018 could prevent inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. These data suggest that L. lactis ML2018 could have therapeutic potential for treating IBDs.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/inducido químicamente , Lactococcus lactis , Probióticos , Animales , Adhesión Bacteriana/fisiología , Línea Celular , Colitis/terapia , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/terapia , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMEN
Different processed volatile oils from AS on urine metabolites of normal rats were analyzed to reveal the possible metabolic pathways. Totally 50 male Waster rats were randomly divided into normal control group, C-ASVO group, J-ASVO group, T-ASVO group and Y-ASVO group, with 10 rats in each group. The normal group was given isovolumetric 0.5% polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esterï¼Tween-80ï¼, while the other groups were given 0.176 mLâ¢kg⻹ different processed volatile oils from AS. Drugs were given for 3 successive days. The urine was collected at 48 h with metabolic cages. GC-MS was employed to detect the metabolic fingerprint of rat urine in different times. Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were adopted for a multivariate statistical analysis. Metabolites with potential differences were selected based on the results of variable importance in the projection(VIP) and t test. The metabolic pathway analysis(MetPA) database was built for different metabolites' metabolic pathways. The results showed that compared with the normal group, 31 kinds of endogenous metabolites in the different processed volatile oils from AS groups change significantly(P<0.05). And there were differences in normal rat urine metabolites among the different processed volatile oils from AS, of which the influence degree of J-ASVO was slightly stronger than C-ASVO, T-ASVO, and Y-ASVO. Therefore, the metabolism effect may be focused on energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism. This study focused on metabolism and mechanism of different processed volatile oils from AS, and provided new ideas for pharmacological actions of traditional Chinese medicines.
Asunto(s)
Angelica sinensis/química , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Aceites Volátiles/administración & dosificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Orina/química , Animales , Biomarcadores/orina , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/metabolismo , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Masculino , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Metabolómica , Aceites Volátiles/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Angelica sinensis (AS) is a well-known important traditional Chinese medicine that yields a volatile oil with anti-inflammatory effects. However, the holistic therapeutic effects and the mechanism underlying such effects of the volatile oil of A. sinensis (VOAS) are not yet well understood. Here, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabonomic study was conducted to explore the significantly altered metabolites for better understanding of VOAS and to assess the integral efficacy of VOAS on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation rat model. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the global metabonomic alterations and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of VOAS in rats. Clear separations were observed in the comparison of the metabolite profiles of the normal control (NC) group, the LPS-stimulated group (MI), the VOAS group, and the dexamethasone (Dex) group. VOAS exerted therapeutic effects on the LPS-stimulated group, which were in accordance with the results of cytokine analyses and blood physiobiochemical assay. Furthermore, a total of 20, 17, and 22 metabolites distributed in 27 metabolic pathways were respectively identified in plasma, liver, and lung samples as significantly altered metabolites of MI, VOAS, Dex, and NC of the same background. Network analysis revealed that glycine, glutamate, malic acid, succinate, arachidonic acid, glycerol, galactose, and glucose were hub metabolites of the inflammation correlation network. Results indicated that VOAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by adjusting the Krebs cycle, improving the glucose content, and restoring the fatty acid metabolism.