RESUMEN

Determining the differences in flower hydraulic traits and structural resource allocation among closely related species adapted to low mean annual precipitation (MAP) can provide insight into plant adaptation to arid environments. Here, we measured the maximum flower hydraulic conductance (Kmax-flower), water potential at induction 50% loss of Kmax-flower (P50-flower), flower pressure-volume parameters, dry mass of individual flowers and structural components (vexillum, wings, keels, stamens and sepals) of six Caragana species growing in regions ranging from 110 to 1400 mm MAP. Compared with species from high-MAP environments, those from low-MAP environments presented lower Kmax-flower, more negative P50-flower, osmotic potential at full turgor (πo) and turgor loss points (πtlp), and a greater bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). Consequently, a negative correlation between Kmax-flower (hydraulic efficiency) and P50-flower (hydraulic safety) was observed across Caragana species. Furthermore, the dry masses of individual flowers and structural components (vexillum, wings, keels, stamens and sepals) were greater in the species from the low-MAP environment than in those from the high-MAP environment. These findings suggest that greater flower hydraulic safety and drought tolerance combined with greater structural resource allocation promote drought adaptation in Caragana species to low-MAP environments.

RESUMEN

Investigate the effect of Alteplase and Aspirin on the functional outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke with mild non-disabling neurological deficit. In this single-center, randomized controlled study, we selected 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke with mild non-disabling neurological deficit admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022, and randomly divided them into the study group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30), the control group was given the Aspirin treatment, the study group was given the Alteplase treatment, and the changes in neurological recovery, daily living ability, exercise ability, balance ability, cognitive function, and short-term prognosis outcomes were observed in these 2 groups. The factors influencing the short-term outcome of Alteplase therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke were analyzed. The National Institutes of Health Neurological Deficit Score (NIHSS) scores at T1 and T2 of the study group were lower than those in the control group, but the scores of Barthel indicators (BI), Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) of the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The short-term prognostic outcomes of these 2 groups were not significantly different (P > .05). The effect of the use of Alteplase or Aspirin on short-term functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke and mild non-disabling neurological deficit is not much different.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) causes testicular damage and reduces testosterone secretion. Testosterone synthesis relies on cholesterol as a raw material, and its availability can be affected by lipophagy. However, the role of lipophagy in Cr(VI)-induced testicular damage and reduced testosterone secretion remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cr(VI) on lipid metabolism and lipophagy in the testes of ICR mice. Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to different doses of Cr(VI) (0, 75, 100, 125 mg/kg) for thirty days. Cr(VI) increased the rate of sperm abnormalities, decreased testosterone level, and decreased the levels of testosterone synthesis-related proteins, namely steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD) proteins. Through metabolomic analysis, Oil Red O staining, and biochemical indicator (triglyceride and total cholesterol) analysis, Cr(VI) was found to disrupt testicular lipid metabolism. Further investigation revealed that Cr(VI) inhibited the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) pathway, elevated levels of the autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/P62 and lipophagy-related proteins Rab7 and Rab10, while increasing colocalization of LC3B and Perilipin2. These findings suggest that Cr(VI) exposure leads to abnormal lipid metabolism in the testes by suppressing the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway and disrupting lipophagy, ultimately reducing testosterone level and inducing testicular damage.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objectives: Globally, cisgender men who have sex with men experience sexual stigma, but limited investigation of cross-population scale performance hinder comparisons. As measurement invariance is a necessary but seldom-established criterion of valid cross-cultural comparisons, we assessed invariance in scales of stigma related to sexual behavior across 9 countries. Methods: This secondary analysis used data collected from adult (mean age=29.6, standard deviation=12.5) cisgender men who have sex with men (n=8,669) in studies from 6 West African, 2 Southern African, and 1 North American country from 2012-2016. A common item set assessed 2 sexual behavior stigma domains. A sequential process was used to test the factor structure and measurement invariance, which included multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Individual countries, items, living with HIV, and disclosure were explored as possible sources of noninvariance. Results: Goodness-of-fit statistics indicated adequate fit of the same 2-factor model in 7 of the 9 countries. The chi2 difference test comparing a constrained and unconstrained 7-country model in which loadings and thresholds were freely estimated was significant (p<0.001), indicating metric and scalar noninvariance, but removing the US provided evidence of invariance and freeing certain items led to a finding of partial invariance. Sexuality disclosure exhibited a direct relationship with select stigma items in several countries. Conclusions: Our findings point to the utility of the two stigma scale dimensions in making cross-country comparisons, but also to the necessity of assessing invariance with explicit attention to several factors including differential disclosure of sexuality across contexts to ensure valid comparisons.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and survival analysis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with RUNX1 gene mutation. METHODS: Clinical data of 177 newly diagnosed MDS patients admitted to the Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from October 1, 2015 to October 31, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Gene mutation detection was performed by second-generation sequencing technology, and clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with RUNX1 gene mutation were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 30 cases (16.95%) of RUNX1 gene mutations were detected, including 15 missense mutations (50.0%), 9 frameshift deletion mutations (30.0%), 4 splice site mutations (13.3%), 1 insertion mutation (3.3%), and 1 nonsense mutation (3.3%). Patients with RUNX1 mutations had a median age of 68.5 years at diagnosis (range: 62.25-78.50 years old). There were no significantly differences between RUNX1 mutations and wild type patients in age distribution, gender, peripheral blood white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, bone marrow and peripheral blood blasts ratio, IPSS-R cytogenetics, IPSS-R stage, etc. (P >0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in platelet count and whether complicated karyotype. Compared with patients without RUNX1 gene mutation, patients with RUNX1 gene mutation had lower platelet count (P =0.018), and were less likely to have complicatedkaryotype at initial diagnosis (P =0.01). Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that when other covariates remained unchanged, the higher the platelet count, the better the survival of patients (HR=0.995, 95%CI : 0.990-0.999, P =0.036); In the IPSS-M prognostic stratification, keeping other covariates unchanged, the risk of progression or death of myelodysplastic syndrome was significantly lower in the medium to high-risk and low-risk groups compared with the high-risk group (HR=0.149, 95%CI : 0.031-0.721, P =0.018; HR=0.026, 95%CI : 0.003-0.234, P =0.001). Survival analysis showed that MDS patients with RUNX1 gene mutation had worse overall survival time (P < 0.001). Patients with RUNX1 mutation had worse OS than non-mutation patients in the early WHO group. RUNX1 mutation and IPSS-M risk stratification mean OS and mean LFS were worse in low-risk patients than in non-mutated patients. CONCLUSION: RUNX1 gene mutation is an adverse prognostic factor in MDS patients, especially in the IPSS-M prognosis stratification group of low-risk, medium-low risk, medium-high risk and WHO classification of early patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Importance: Many older women are screened for breast cancer beyond guideline-recommended thresholds. Messaging holds promise to reduce overscreening. Objective: To investigate the effect of a message on older women's support for and intentions of stopping breast cancer screening. Design, Setting, and Participants: A 2-wave randomized clinical online survey trial using a nationally representative online panel was performed from May 12 to June 19, 2023. Women 65 years or older without breast cancer were eligible to participate. Intervention: A pilot-tested breast cancer screening cessation message delivered to a hypothetical older woman with serious illnesses and functional impairment. The message was described as from 1 of 3 sources (clinician, news story, or family member). Participants were randomized into 4 groups: no message (group 1 [control]), a single message from a clinician at wave 1 and no message at wave 2 (group 2), a message from a news story (wave 1) and a clinician (wave 2) (group 3), and a message from a family member (wave 1) and a clinician (wave 2) (group 4). Main Outcomes and Measures: Support for stopping screening in the hypothetical older woman (primary) and screening intentions for oneself (secondary) were assessed on 7-point scales, with higher values indicating stronger support for and intentions to stop screening. Means were compared using analysis of variance. The message effect on screening intentions among participants 75 years or older and those with life expectancy of less than 10 years were also explored. Results: A total of 3051 women participated in wave 1 of the trial. The mean (SD) age was 72.8 (5.9) years; 272 (8.9%) were non-Hispanic Black and 2506 (82.1%) were non-Hispanic White. Of these women, 2796 (91.6%) completed wave 2. Group 2 had significantly higher support for screening cessation in the hypothetical patient at wave 2 (mean score, 3.14 [95% CI, 2.99-3.29]) compared with group 1 (mean score, 2.68 [95% CI, 2.54-2.82]; P < .001). The effect was even stronger in group 3 (mean score, 4.23 [95% CI, 4.09-4.38]) and group 4 (mean score, 4.12 [95% CI, 3.97-4.27]) compared with both groups 1 and 2 (all P < .001). Message effects on self-screening intentions followed a similar pattern, with larger effects among participants 75 years or older or with limited life expectancy. Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, a breast cancer screening cessation message significantly increased older women's support for and intentions of screening cessation. The strongest effects were observed when the message was delivered over time from multiple sources. Future work needs to engage potential message sources to examine the feasibility and acceptability of multilevel messaging strategies and their effect on screening behavior. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05821023.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Designing highly active and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is critical for advancing anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). While dilute metal alloys have demonstrated substantial potential in enhancing alkaline HOR performance, there has been limited exploration in terms of rational design, controllable synthesis, and mechanism study. Herein, we developed a series of dilute Pd-Ni alloys, denoted as x% Pd-Ni, based on a trace-Pd decorated Ni-based coordination polymer through a facile low-temperature pyrolysis approach. The x% Pd-Ni alloys exhibit efficient electrocatalytic activity for HOR in alkaline media. Notably, the optimal 0.5% Pd-Ni catalyst demonstrates high intrinsic activity with an exchange current density of 0.055 mA cm-2, surpassing that of many other alkaline HOR catalysts. The mechanism study reveals that the strong synergy between Pd single atoms (SAs)/Pd dimer and Ni substrate can modulate the binding strength of proton (H)/hydroxyl (OH), thereby significantly reducing the activation energy barrier of a decisive reaction step. This work offers new insights into designing advanced dilute metal or single-atom-alloys (SAAs) for alkaline HOR and potentially other energy conversion processes.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Public health campaigns have often used persuasive techniques to promote healthy behaviors but the use of persuasion by doctors is controversial. We sought to examine older women's perspectives. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 community-dwelling older women from the Baltimore metropolitan area. We asked whether participants thought it was ethically appropriate for doctors to try to persuade patients and explored their rationales. We probed about commonly used persuasive techniques and two example decisional contexts-stopping mammograms and moving out of one's house after multiple falls. We used qualitative thematic analysis to code the transcripts and summarized results into major themes. RESULTS: We found mixed views on the ethical appropriateness of persuasion (theme 1); supporters of persuasion were motivated by the potential benefit to patients' health, whereas opponents thought patients should be the ultimate decision-makers. Perspectives depended on the persuasive technique (theme 2), where emotional appeals elicited the most negative reactions while use of facts and patient stories were viewed more positively. Perspectives also varied by the decisional context (theme 3), where higher severity and certainty of harm influenced participants to be more accepting of persuasion. Participants suggested alternative communication approaches to persuasion (theme 4) that emphasized respect for patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the type of persuasive technique and the decisional context are important considerations in the ethical debate around the use of persuasion. Limiting the use of persuasion to high-stakes decisions and using facts and patient stories rather than emotional appeals are likely more acceptable.

RESUMEN

China's local chicken breeds are rich in resources, and have formed different germplasm characteristics in the process of long-term selection and evolution. Scientific assessment of population genetic diversity and identification of inter-breed genetic structure are of great value to the protection and innovative utilization of local chicken breed resource. In order to evaluate the application effectiveness of 23K SNP chip "Youxin-1" in the analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure of local chickens, we used RADseq to identify genomic genetic variation of 21 local chicken breeds and developed 23K chip "Youxin-1". The genetic statistics of each variety were calculated based on two sets of SNP data, and correlation, fitting and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to evaluate the application effectiveness of the chip. The results showed that the observed heterozygosity (Ho), polymorphism information content (PIC), inbred coefficient (FROH) and genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) calculated based on the two SNP data sets were basically consistent in the 21 local chicken breeds. The genetic diversity of Langya chicken (LA), Piao chicken (PJ) and Wenchang chicken (WC) was relatively rich. The genetic diversity of Bian chickens (BJ), Langshan chickens (LS), Gushi chickens (GS), Dongxiang blue-eggshell chickens (DX) and Beijing fatty chickens (BY) was relatively poor, and the correlation coefficients of Ho, PIC, FROH and average Fst in the two groups were 0.794, 0.901, 0.926 and 0.984, respectively, all reaching extremely significant levels (P<0.01) with a high degree of fit (P<0.001) and R2 were 0.644, 0.827, 0.916 and 0.927. For the two sets of SNP data, the evolutionary tree constructed by neighbor-joining (NJ) method and maximum likelihood (ML) method was reasonable, and the 21 local chicken breeds were generally divided into six categories, which was consistent with the formation history and geographical distribution of the varieties. The 23K chip also realized reasonable clustering of the five new varieties without individual deviation. There are some differences in the estimation of genetic statistics using SNP with different densities, and data standardization is needed. 23K chip has good efficacy in the analysis of genetic diversity and structure of local chickens.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Immunity play a pivotal role in the risk of ischemic stroke, and studies have also shown a relationship between ischemic stroke and autoimmune diseases. In light of this we conducted a prospective cohort study to elucidate the impact of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies (anti-ENA) on the prognosis of ischemic stroke. METHODS: 245 stroke patients were recruited in this single-center study and followed up with for 3 years. Autoantibodies, including aPLs (ACA, anti-ß2GPI, LA), ANA and anti-ENA were evaluated in recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS) and nonrecurrent ischemic stroke (nonRIS). Stroke severity was judged using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). For preventive treatment, 42 IS patients with positive aPLs + ANA/anti-ENA were randomized 1:1 into a hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment group and a control group, and the prognoses were compared. RESULTS: The positive rate of ACA IgG (p = 0.018), anti-ß2GPI IgG (p = 0.047), LA (p = 0.023), and aPLs + ANA/anti-ENA (p = 0.000) were significantly higher in patients with RIS compared to patients with nonRIS, and aPLs + ANA/anti-ENA (HR2.31, 95 % CI1.02-5.25, p = 0.046) and hypertension (HR2.50, 95 % CI1.17-5.35, p = 0.018) were the independent risk factors of recurrence. There were differences in NIHSS at month 36 between those positive and negative for aPLs + ANA/anti-ENA (p = 0.001, Eta2 = 0.052), anti-ENA (p = 0.016, Eta2 = 0.030), ANA (p = 0.035, Eta2 = 0.022), and LA (p = 0.016, Eta2 = 0.028). Furthermore, the recurrence rate of the HCQ treatment group was lower than that of the control group (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Co-positivity of aPLs and ANA/anti-ENA is an independent risk factor for RIS. However, HCQ therapy may reduce the recurrence rate of IS for these patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Self-grooming is an innate stereotyped behavior influenced by sense and emotion. It is considered an important characteristic in various disease models. However, the neural circuit mechanism underlying sensory-induced and emotion-driven self-grooming remains unclear. We found that the ventral zona incerta (Ziv) was activated during spontaneous self-grooming (SG), corn oil-induced sensory self-grooming (OG), and tail suspension-induced stress self-grooming (TG). Optogenetic excitation of Ziv parvalbumin (PV) neurons increased the duration of SG. Conversely, optogenetic inhibition of ZivPV neurons significantly reduced self-grooming in all three models. Furthermore, glutamatergic inputs from the primary sensory cortex activated the Ziv and contributed to OG. Activation of GABAergic inputs from the central amygdala to the Ziv increased SG, OG, and TG, potentially through local negative regulation of the Ziv. These findings suggest that the Ziv may play a crucial role in processing sensory and emotional information related to self-grooming, making it a potential target for regulating stereotyped behavior.

RESUMEN

A human laryngeal model, incorporating all the cartilages and the intrinsic muscles, was reconstructed based on MRI data. The vocal fold was represented as a multilayer structure with detailed inner components. The activation levels of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles were systematically varied from zero to full activation allowing for the analysis of their interaction and influence on vocal fold dynamics and glottal flow. The finite element method was employed to calculate the vocal fold dynamics, while the one-dimensional Bernoulli equation was utilized to calculate the glottal flow. The analysis was focused on the muscle influence on the fundamental frequency (fo). We found that while CT and TA  activation increased the fo in most of the conditions, TA activation resulted in a frequency drop when it was moderately activated. We show that this frequency drop was associated with the sudden increase of the vertical motion when the vibration transited from involving the whole tissue to mainly in the cover layer. The transition of the vibration pattern was caused by the increased body-cover stiffness ratio that resulted from TA activation.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Colorectal polyps are frequently observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), posing a significant risk for colorectal cancer. Metformin, a widely prescribed biguanidine drug for type 2 DM, has been suggested to have potential chemoprophylactic effects against various cancers. AIM: To explore the correlation between colorectal polyps and metformin use in type 2 DM patients. METHODS: Type 2 DM patients were categorized into polyp and non-polyp groups. Following this, all patients were categorized into the type 2 DM-metformin, type 2 DM-non-metformin, and non-type 2 DM groups. Based on the baseline colonoscopy results, we performed pairwise comparisons of the incidence of colorectal polyps among the three groups. Additionally, we analyzed the relationship between colorectal polyps and the duration of metformin use and between the size and number of polyps and metformin use. Simultaneously, we focused on the specific pathological types of polyps and analyzed their relationship with metformin use. Finally, we compared the incidence of polyps between metformin and non-metformin groups according to the interval colonoscopy results. RESULTS: The rate of metformin use in patients with colorectal polyps was 0.502 times that of patients without colorectal polyps [odds ratio (OR) = 0.502, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.365-0.689; P < 0.001]. The incidence of colorectal polyps did not differ significantly between the type 2 DM-metformin and non-type 2 DM groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the correlations between the duration of metformin use and the incidence of colorectal polyps and between the size and number of polyps and metformin use were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Metformin use did not affect the incidence of colorectal polyps during interval colonoscopy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Metformin use and colorectal polyp incidence in type 2 DM patients showed a negative correlation, independent of the hypoglycemic effect of metformin.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Physical frailty is reversible, but little is known about the sustainability of frailty remission and its impact on dementia. METHODS: Data were derived from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011 to 2021). Physical frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype, and frailty transition patterns across three waves were defined. The relationship of sustained frailty remission with incident dementia was examined using Cox proportional regression, stratified by age and gender. RESULTS: Among 1931 participants, 348 (18.0%) were capable of sustained frailty remission. During the 8-year follow-up, 279 participants developed dementia. In a fully adjusted model, sustained remission was associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.47 to 0.93). The association was more pronounced among younger-old and male participants but not observed among their counterparts. DISCUSSION: Sustained frailty remission was associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia. Physical frailty could be an essential forewarning of dementia and a target for interventions. HIGHLIGHTS: We provided new insights into the natural progression of frailty and its impact on dementia risk using a nationally representative sample Sustained frailty remission reduced risk of incident dementia. Age and gender played a role in the frailty-dementia link, and thus individualized dementia risk screening is necessary. Physical frailty could be an essential forewarning of cognitive decline and an ideal target for interventions to prevent dementia.

RESUMEN

Hyperbilirubinaemia is a prevalent condition during the neonatal period, and if not promptly and effectively managed, it can lead to severe bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity. Sunflower seeds are a nutrient-rich food source, particularly abundant in linoleic acid. Here, we provide compelling evidence that lactating maternal mice fed a sunflower seed diet experience enhanced neurological outcomes and increased survival rates in hyperbilirubinemic offspring. We assessed histomorphological indices, including cerebellar Nissl staining, and Calbindin staining, and hippocampal hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, we observed the transmission of linoleic acid, enriched in sunflower seeds, to offspring through lactation. The oral administration of linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed oil by lactating mothers significantly prolonged the survival time of hyperbilirubinemic offspring mice. Mechanistically, linoleic acid counteracts the bilirubin-induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and neuronal cell death by activating autophagy. Collectively, these findings elucidate the novel role of a maternal linoleic acid-supplemented diet in promoting child health.

RESUMEN

The method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)combined with molecular network was developed in this study for rapidly analyzing the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample of classical prescription. Firstly, an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm)was used, and acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid were taken as the mobile phases for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Under these conditions, the mass spectrum data were collected in both positive and negative ion modes of the heated electrospray ionization source. Subsequently, the mass spectrum data of the Qinggu San reference sample were uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network(GNPS)platform for calculation and analysis, and a visual molecular network was built with Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. On this basis, the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample were identified by fragmentation regularity of standard compounds, retention time, accurate relative molecular weight of HR-MS, characteristic fragment ions information, literature, and databases. Finally, a total of 105 chemical components were identified and speculated in the Qinggu San reference sample, including 19 iridoid glycosides, 23 flavonoids, 15 phenylpropanoids, 11 triterpene saponins, and 37 other components. Meanwhile, two of these components are potential new compounds. The method used in this study not only achieved rapid and accurate identification of chemical components in the Qinggu San reference sample and provided a scie-ntific basis for the study of pharmacological substances and quality control of Qinggu San compound preparations but also provided a refe-rence for the rapid identification of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Amidst the rise of frailty among a globally aging population, olfactory decline has emerged as a harbinger of frailty and mortality in population-level studies. However, the relationships between frailty and the olfactory subdomains of identification (OI), discrimination (OD), and threshold (OT) remain unexplored. This study prospectively examined the association between olfactory subdomains and the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) to investigate olfactory evaluation as a means of frailty screening. METHODS: A case‒control study of 45 frail and 45 non-frail individuals matched by age and sex. OT, OD, OI (range 0‒16), and composite sum (threshold, discrimination, and identification scores [TDI], range 0‒48) were measured with Sniffin' Sticks. PFP was defined by presence of three or more criteria: physical inactivity, self-reported exhaustion, muscle weakness, slow gait, and unintentional weight loss. Conditional logistic regression evaluated associations between olfactory subdomains and frailty. RESULTS: Ninety individuals with mean age of 83.1 ± 4.9 years, 60% female (n = 54), and 87.8% white (n = 79) were included. Olfactory scores were significantly lower in the frail group for OI (9.2 vs. 12.1, p < 0.001), OD (8.1 vs. 11.6, p < 0.001), OT (4.4 vs. 8.5, p < 0.001), and TDI (21.7 vs. 32.2, p < 0.001) than in the non-frail group. A single-point decrease in olfactory score was associated with increased odds of frailty in OT (odds ratio [OR]: 2.21, 95% confidence interval: [1.22, 3.98]), OD (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: [1.32, 3.65]), OI (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: [1.19, 4.39]), and TDI (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: [1.14, 2.08]). CONCLUSION: The robust association between olfactory subdomain scores and frailty suggests that olfaction may be an accessible signifier of frailty. Future studies should investigate this relationship longitudinally to assess predictive relationships.