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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not entirely clear at present. This study comprehensively described the landscape of genetic aberrations in Chinese HCC patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and investigated the association of genetic aberrations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 78 HCC patients undergoing surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The genomic DNA extracted from tumor samples was detected using a NGS-based gene panel. RESULTS: Mutations in TP53 (55%), TERT (37%), MUC16 (29%) and CTNNB1 (27%) were most common in HCC. The co-occurrences between frequently mutated genes occurring ≥10% were relatively common in HCC. Forty-eight (61.5%) cases harbored DNA damage repair gene mutations, mainly including PRKDC (11.5%), SLX4 (9.0%), ATM (7.7%), MSH6 (7.7%), and PTEN (6.4%), and 39 (50.0%) patients had at least one actionable mutation. FH amplification (odds ratio: 3.752, 95% confidence interval: 1.170-12.028, p=0.026) and RB1 mutations (odds ratio: 13.185, 95% confidence interval: 1.214-143.198, p=0.034) were identified as the independent risk factors for early postoperative recurrence in HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a novel insight into the genomic profiling of Chinese HCC patients. FH amplification and RB1 mutations may be associated with an increased risk of early postoperative recurrence in HCC.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogenic bacterium that harbors the type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) as an essential virulence factor. However, the pathogenesis and infection mechanism mediated by T3SS1 are not entirely clarified. Similar to previous studies on other T3SS-positive bacteria, the T3SS1 needle is a major extracellular component in V. parahaemolyticus. We recently showed that the needle gene-deletion mutant (ΔvscF) exhibited markedly decreased cytotoxicity and effector translocation during interaction with HeLa cells. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of T3SS1 during host cell infection, bacterial RNA was extracted from wild-type POR-1 and ΔvscF mutants under infected condition for comparative RNA sequencing analysis in HeLa cell. The results showed that 120 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the ΔvscF-infected group. These encoded proteins of DEGs, such as VP2088, VP2089, and VP2091, were annotated as ABC transporter system, whereas VP0757, VP1123, and VP1289 may be new transcriptional regulators. In addition, the downregulation of T3SS1 had a positive influence on the expression of T3SS2. Moreover, the transcription of the basal body is unaffected by the needle, and there was a close relation among the tip, translocon, and needle, because bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid system (BACTH system) assay indicated the interaction of VP1656, VP1670, VP1693, and VP1694 (VscF). This study provides insights into transcription mechanism of T3SS1 upon infecting HeLa cell, which is expected to better clarify the T3SS1 virulent mechanism.

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SiTian is an ambitious ground-based all-sky optical monitoring project, developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The concept is an integrated network of dozens of 1-m-class telescopes deployed partly in China and partly at various other sites around the world. The main science goals are the detection, identification and monitoring of optical transients (such as gravitational wave events, fast radio bursts, supernovae) on the largely unknown timescales of less than 1 day; SiTian will also provide a treasure trove of data for studies of AGN, quasars, variable stars, planets, asteroids, and microlensing events. To achieve those goals, SiTian will scan at least 10,000 square deg of sky every 30 min, down to a detection limit of $V \approx 21$ mag. The scans will produce simultaneous light-curves in 3 optical bands. In addition, SiTian will include at least three 4-m telescopes specifically allocated for follow-up spectroscopy of the most interesting targets. We plan to complete the installation of 72 telescopes by 2030 and start full scientific operations in 2032.

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Klotho is originally discovered as an anti-aging gene and knock-out of klotho accelerates aging in mice. Subsequent studies support the anti-carcinogenesis role of klotho in a variety of human malignancies. The present study investigated the role of klotho on growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. The osteosarcoma cells were transduced with lentivirus particles encoding klotho or scramble control. The reconstructed osteosarcoma cells were injected into the femoral medullary cavity of nude mice to establish a xenograft animal model. The anti-tumor properties of klotho were evaluated in terms of tumor growth, apoptosis, glycogen production, and pulmonary metastasis. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of klotho significantly decreased tumor volume and weight in osteosarcoma mice. Determination of PCNA and Ki67 expression revealed that overexpression of klotho inhibited cell proliferation in tumor tissues obtained from osteosarcoma xenografts. PAS staining also showed that overexpression of klotho significantly decreased the production of glycogen in osteosarcoma. Moreover, TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased after lentivirus-mediated overexpression of klotho. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated upregulation of klotho reduced the number of pulmonary metastatic lesions in mice compared to control mice. These findings demonstrated that elevated klotho could inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo, suggesting that klotho may be a valuable therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

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OBJECTIVES: Pilon fracture is a complex injury that is often associated with severe soft tissue damage and high rates of surgical site infection. The goal of this study was to analyze and identify independent risk factors for surgical site infection among patients undergoing surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. METHODS: The medical records of all pilon fracture patients who underwent surgical fixation from January 2010 to October 2012 were reviewed to identify those who developed a surgical site infection. Then, we constructed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to evaluate the independent associations of potential risk factors with surgical site infection in patients undergoing surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. RESULTS: A total of 519 patients were enrolled in the study from January 2010 to October 2012. A total of 12 of the 519 patients developed a surgical site infection, for an incidence of 2.3%. These patients were followed for 12 to 29 months, with an average follow-up period of 19.1 months. In the final regression model, open fracture, elevated postoperative glucose levels (≥125 mg/dL), and a surgery duration of more than 150 minutes were significant risk factors for surgical site infection following surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Open fractures, elevated postoperative glucose levels (≥125 mg/dL), and a surgery duration of more than 150 minutes were related to an increased risk for surgical site infection following surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. Patients exhibiting the risk factors identified in this study should be counseled regarding the possible surgical site infection that may develop after surgical fixation.

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OBJECTIVES: Pilon fracture is a complex injury that is often associated with severe soft tissue damage and high rates of surgical site infection. The goal of this study was to analyze and identify independent risk factors for surgical site infection among patients undergoing surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. METHODS: The medical records of all pilon fracture patients who underwent surgical fixation from January 2010 to October 2012 were reviewed to identify those who developed a surgical site infection. Then, we constructed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to evaluate the independent associations of potential risk factors with surgical site infection in patients undergoing surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. RESULTS: A total of 519 patients were enrolled in the study from January 2010 to October 2012. A total of 12 of the 519 patients developed a surgical site infection, for an incidence of 2.3%. These patients were followed for 12 to 29 months, with an average follow-up period of 19.1 months. In the final regression model, open fracture, elevated postoperative glucose levels (≥125 mg/dL), and a surgery duration of more than 150 minutes were significant risk factors for surgical site infection following surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Open fractures, elevated postoperative glucose levels (≥125 mg/dL), and a surgery duration of more than 150 minutes were related to an increased risk for surgical site infection following surgical fixation of a pilon fracture. Patients exhibiting the risk factors identified in this study should be counseled regarding the possible surgical site infection that may develop after surgical fixation. .

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Two premeditated anionic rosette-layer architectures have been constructed using guanidinium and ubiquitous C3-symmetric oxoanions that carry unequal charges, employing bulky organic cations as interlayer templates. The undulate guanidinium-carbonate network occurs in 4[(C2H5)4N+].8[C(NH2)3+].3(CO3)2-.3(C2O4)2-.2H2O, in which the disordered (C2H5)4N+ guests are accommodated in pouches and channels within a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded host framework. In [(C2H5)4N+]2.[C(NH2)3+].[1,3,5-C3H3(COO-)3].6H2O, ordered (C2H5)4N+ cations are sandwiched between planar guanidinium-trimesate host layers whose honeycomb cavities are tightly fitted with flattened-chair (H2O)6 clusters of symmetry 2.

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Triblock copolymer S5E45S5 was synthesized by oxyanionic polymerization of styrene oxide initiated by a preformed difunctional polyethylene glycol. Here E denotes OCH2CH2, S denotes OCH2CH(C6H5), and the subscripts denote number-average block lengths in repeat units. Previous work on the closely related copolymer S4E45S4 indicated that micelles would form in aqueous solutions of copolymer S5E45S5, and that they would undergo transient intermicellar bridging. Dynamic light scattering was used to confirm this. Rheometry and small-angle X-ray scattering were used to explore gel boundaries, structures, and properties. At moderate copolymer concentrations (14 and 20 wt %) measurements of the dynamic shear moduli indicated the formation of low-modulus soft gels attributed to spherical micelles forming transient networks. A region of low storage modulus at c approximately 30 wt % preceded a change to hard gel. A 40 wt % hard gel was disordered, while at higher concentrations (49 and 60 wt %) the micelles packed into hexagonal structures with high values of the storage modulus (G' approximately 10 kPa at 25 degrees C and 1 Hz).