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Purpose: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces anti-tumor immune responses by triggering immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Previously, we demonstrated that novel QDs-RGD nanoparticles exhibited high efficiency as photosensitizers in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the anti-tumor immune effects induced by the photosensitizer remains unknown. This study assessed the anticancer immune effect of QDs-RGD, as well as the conventional photosensitizer chlorine derivative, YLG-1, for comparison, against pancreatic cancer in support of superior therapeutic efficacy. Methods: The pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc02, was used for in vitro studies. C57BL/6 mice bearing pancreatic cancer cell-derived xenografts were generated for in vivo studies to assess the anti-tumor effects of QDs-RGD-PDT and YLG-1-PDT. The immunostimulatory ability of both photosensitizers was examined by measuring the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), such as calreticulin (CRT), assessing dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and analyzing cytokine expression. The specific immunity of QDs-RGD and YLG-1-PDT on distant tumor were determined by combining PDT with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Results: QDs-RGD-PDT and YLG-1-PDT significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. While both photosensitizers significantly promoted CRT release, DC maturation, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression, QDs-RGD exerted a stronger immunostimulatory effect than YLG-1. Combination treatment with QDs-RGD and CTLA-4 blockade was able to significantly inhibit the growth of distant tumors. Conclusion: QDs-RGD is a novel and effective PDT strategy for treating pancreatic tumors by inducing anti-tumor immune responses.

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Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Oligopéptidos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Puntos Cuánticos , Animales , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/inmunología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Puntos Cuánticos/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/administración & dosificación , Oligopéptidos/química , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Ratones , Humanos , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Calreticulina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Citocinas/metabolismo

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BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) posits that chronic prostatitis is associated with the accumulation of damp-heat pathogenic factors in the lower jiao. The Bixie Fenqing decoction (BFD) eliminates damp-heat pathogenic factors in the body, thereby alleviating inflammation and improving symptoms. METHODS: Databases such as CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, ClinicalKey, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. The search time ranged from the establishment of the database until March 30, 2024. RCTs that used BFD for chronic prostatitis were screened. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Scoring System. Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed using RevMan 5.4 software, and Egger analysis of publication bias for the primary outcome indicators was conducted using Stata 16 software. RESULTS: This analysis included 1104 patients. Meta-analysis showed that BFD significantly improved clinical efficacy in patients with chronic prostatitis, with a total effective rate (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.26, P < .00001) and cure rate (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.86, P < .00001). It significantly reduced the NIH-CPSI (National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index) scores, levels of inflammatory factors, white blood cell counts, and TCM syndrome scores in patients with chronic prostatitis. Specifically, the NIH-CPSI total scores (MD = -4.41, 95% CI: -5.27 to -3.55, P < .00001), NIH-CPSI pain scores (MD = -2.08, 95% CI: -2.93 to -1.23, P < .00001), NIH-CPSI urinary symptom scores (MD = -1.13, 95% CI: -1.69 to -0.57, P < .0001), NIH-CPSI quality of life scores (MD = -1.25, 95% CI: -1.76 to -0.75, P < .00001), levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α (MD = -11.18, 95% CI: -13.84 to -8.53, P < .00001) and IL-10 (MD = -20.60, 95% CI: -26.82 to -14.37, P < .00001) in prostatic fluid, white blood cell counts in prostatic fluid (MD = -2.91, 95% CI: -5.46 to -0.36, P = .03), and TCM syndrome scores (MD = -7.01, 95% CI: -8.13 to -5.90, P < .00001) were all significantly improved. CONCLUSION: BFD has a definite effect on the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Prostatitis , Prostatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Crónica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto

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Pathogen infections remain a significant public health problem worldwide. Accumulating evidence regarding the crosstalk between bile acid (BA) metabolism and immune response reveals that BA metabolism regulates host immunity and microbial pathogenesis, making it an attractive target for disease prevention and infection control. However, the effect of infection on circulating BA profiles, the biosynthesis-related enzymes, and their receptors remains to be depicted. Here, we investigated the effect of viral (vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV) and bacterial (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) infections on BA metabolism and signaling. Infection models were successfully established by intraperitoneally injecting VSV and LPS, respectively. VSV and LPS injection significantly changed the circulating BA profiles, with highly increased levels of taurine-conjugated BAs and significant decreases in unconjugated BAs. Consistent with the decreased levels of circulating cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the expression of BA biosynthesis-related rate-limiting enzymes (Cyp7a1, Cyp27a1, Cyp8b1, and Hsd3b7) were significantly reduced. Furthermore, hepatic and pulmonary BA receptors (BARs) expression varied in different infection models. LPS treatment had an extensive impact on tested hepatic and pulmonary BARs, resulting in the upregulation of TGR5, S1PR2, and VDR, while VSV infection only promoted VDR expression. Our study provides insights into the involvement of BA metabolism in the pathophysiology of infection, which may provide potential clues for targeting BA metabolism and BAR signaling to boost innate immunity and control infection. IMPORTANCE: This study focuses on the crosstalk between bile acid (BA) metabolism and immune response in VSV infection and LPS treatment models and depicts the effect of infection on circulating BA profiles, the biosynthesis-related enzymes, and their receptors. These findings provide insights into the effect of infection on BA metabolism and signaling, adding a more comprehensive understanding to the relationship between infection, BA metabolism and immune responses.

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Conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are frequently used as a single additive and dispersed in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solutions for the fabrication of piezoelectric composite films. In this study, MWCNT/ZnO binary dispersions are used as spinning liquids to fabricate composite nanofibrous films by electrospinning. Binary additives are conducive to increasing the crystallinity, piezoelectric voltage coefficient, and consequent piezoelectricity of as-spun films owing to the stretch-enhanced polarization of the electrospinning process under an applied electric field. PCZ-1.5 film (10 wt. % PVDF/0.1 wt. % MWCNTs/1.5 wt. % ZnO nanoparticles) contains the maximum ß-phase content of 79.0% and the highest crystallinity of 87.9% in nanofibers. A sensor using a PCZ-1.5 film as a functional layer generates an open-circuit voltage of 10 V as it is subjected to impact loads with an amplitude of 6 mm at 10 Hz. The piezoelectric sensor reaches a power density of 0.33 µW/cm2 and a force sensitivity of 582 mV/N. In addition, the sensor is successfully applied to test irregular motions of a bending finger and stepping foot. The result indicates that electrospun PVDF/MWCNT/ZnO nanofibrous films are suitable for wearable devices.

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With the rapid development of the construction industry worldwide, a large amount of waste concrete is generated each year, which has caused serious environmental problems. As a green and sustainable building material, thermally activated recycled cement (RC) has received widespread attention. However, the unique properties of RC, such as the high water demand and short setting time, necessitate the use of specialized superplasticizers that are different from those used in ordinary Portland cement. As an important component for the application of RC, superplasticizer has an important impact on the performance modification of RC. This article summarizes the recent research progress of potential superplasticizers for RC, with a view to providing a reference for the research and application of superplasticizers for RC. Based on the differences between ordinary Portland cement and RC, the paper discusses potential superplasticizers that may be suitable for RC, and points out that future development of potential modified superplasticizers can include altering the molecular structure to improve adsorption onto the surfaces of RC or to enhance the durability of concrete with RC.

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In this study, we combined two distinct extraction and separation techniques with the aim of comprehensively collecting metabolite features in sprouts, particularly hydrophilic compounds. By synergistically analyzing the data using MS-DIAL and MetaboAnalystR, we obtained a greater number of annotated metabolites and explored differences in annotation across analytical tools. We found that this approach significantly increased the number of detected metabolite features and the final identification counts. Furthermore, we explored the functional component characteristics of four sprout types. This study provides data supporting the potential of sprouts as nutritious vegetables and functional food ingredients, emphasizing their value in the development of functional foods.

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The exploitation and utilization of coal resources have significantly contributed to global energy security. However, this mining activity has inflicted considerable damage on the ecological environment, particularly on the Tibetan Plateau, where the impact on ecosystems may be even more detrimental. The implementation of high-intensity mining activities leads to rapid changes in land cover/land use. Consequently, it is essential to accurately and effectively monitor mining disturbances. In this study, we propose an approach to capture surface mining disturbances using spatial-temporal rules and time series stacks of Landsat data. First, a time series of annual mining disturbance probability was generated based on Landsat temporal-spectral metrics and random forest. Second, the Landsat-based detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm was employed to segment the time series and detect breakpoints. Finally, mining disturbances were captured by further restricting the output of LandTrendr based on spatial-temporal rules of mining disturbances. This approach was applied and evaluated in the Muli mining area of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which experienced large-scale and rapid mining disturbances from 2004 to 2014, and identified a disturbed mining area of 43.62 km2. The mining sites have been reclaimed after mining, and all reclamation work was done after 2016, with a total reclaimed area of 22.28 km2. The validation results indicated that the overall accuracy of mining disturbance and reclamation mapping ranges from 0.7333 to 0.8667, and the F1 scores for mining disturbances and reclamation range from 0.7551 to 0.8723. This study provides a reliable framework for monitoring mining disturbances and reclamation in surface mines, promising to be useful in realizing disturbance monitoring in surface mines for a wide range of mineral types.

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Algoritmos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Minería , Imágenes Satelitales , Tibet , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Ecosistema , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Minas de Carbón

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Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting the coronary arteries in children. Despite growing attention to its symptoms and pathogenesis, the exact mechanisms of KD remain unclear. Mitophagy plays a critical role in inflammation regulation, however, its significance in KD has only been minimally explored. This study sought to identify crucial mitophagy-related biomarkers and their mechanisms in KD, focusing on their association with immune cells in peripheral blood. Methods: This research used four datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database that were categorized as the merged and validation datasets. Screening for differentially expressed mitophagy-related genes (DE-MRGs) was conducted, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified the hub module, while machine-learning algorithms [random forest-recursive feature elimination (RF-RFE) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE)] pinpointed the hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for these genes. Additionally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess the infiltration of 22 immune cell types to explore their correlations with hub genes. Interactions between transcription factors (TFs), genes, and Gene-microRNAs (miRNAs) of hub genes were mapped using the NetworkAnalyst platform. The expression difference of the hub genes was validated using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Initially, 306 DE-MRGs were identified between the KD patients and healthy controls. The enrichment analysis linked these MRGs to autophagy, mitochondrial function, and inflammation. The WGCNA revealed a hub module of 47 KD-associated DE-MRGs. The machine-learning algorithms identified cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) and serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) as critical hub genes. In the merged dataset, the area under the curve (AUC) values for CKAP4 and SRPK1 were 0.933 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.901 to 0.964] and 0.936 (95% CI: 0.906 to 0.966), respectively, indicating high diagnostic potential. The validation dataset results corroborated these findings with AUC values of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.741 to 1.000) for CKAP4 and 0.878 (95% CI: 0.750 to 1.000) for SRPK1. The CIBERSORT analysis connected CKAP4 and SRPK1 with specific immune cells, including activated cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) memory T cells. TFs such as MAZ, SAP30, PHF8, KDM5B, miRNAs like hsa-mir-7-5p play essential roles in regulating these hub genes. The qRT-PCR results confirmed the differential expression of these genes between the KD patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: CKAP4 and SRPK1 emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers for KD. These genes potentially influence the progression of KD through mitophagy regulation.

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Background: Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) increases the risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and cardiogenic shock. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a safe, noninvasive method to diagnose CTO lesions. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), AI has been broadly applied in cardiovascular images, but AI-based detection of CTO lesions from CCTA images is difficult. We aim to evaluate the performance of AI in detecting the CTO lesions of coronary arteries based on CCTA images. Methods: We retrospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with 50% stenosis, 50-99% stenosis, and CTO lesions who received CCTA scans between June 2021 and June 2022 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Four-fifths of them were randomly assigned to the training dataset, while the rest (1/5) were randomly assigned to the testing dataset. Performance of the AI-assisted CCTA (CCTA-AI) in detecting the CTO lesions was evaluated through sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. With invasive coronary angiography as the reference, the diagnostic performance of AI method and manual method was compared. Results: A total of 537 patients with 1,569 stenotic lesions (including 672 lesions with <50% stenosis, 493 lesions with 50-99% stenosis, and 404 CTO lesions) were enrolled in our study. CCTA-AI saved 75% of the time in post-processing and interpreting the CCTA images when compared to the manual method (116±15 vs. 472±45 seconds). In the testing dataset, the accuracy of CCTA-AI in detecting CTO lesions was 86.2% (79.0%, 90.3%), with the area under the curve of 0.874. No significant difference was found in detecting CTO lesions between AI and manual methods (P=0.53). Conclusions: AI can automatically detect CTO lesions based on CCTA images, with high diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

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Brain organoids are widely used to model brain development and diseases. However, a major challenge in their application is the insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to the core region, restricting the size and maturation of the organoids. In order to vascularize brain organoids and enhance the nutritional supply to their core areas, two-photon polymerization (TPP) 3D printing is employed to fabricate high-resolution meshed vessels in this study. These vessels made of photoresist with densely distributed micropores with a diameter of 20 µm on the sidewall, are cocultured with brain organoids to facilitate the diffusion of culture medium into the organoids. The vascularized organoids exhibit dimensional breaking growth and enhanced proliferation, reduced hypoxia and apoptosis, suggesting that the 3D-printed meshed vessels partially mimic vascular function to promote the culture of organoids. Furthermore, cortical, striatal and medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) organoids are respectively differentiated to generate Cortico-Striatal-MGE assembloids by 3D-printed vessels. The enhanced migration, projection and excitatory signaling transduction are observed between different brain regional organoids in the assembloids. This study presents an approach using TPP 3D printing to construct vascularized brain organoids and assembloids for enhancing the development and assembly, offering a research model and platform for neurological diseases.

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BACKGROUND: Long-term accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise pathways controlling the decision between survival and apoptosis in CRC are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of glucosidase I (GCS1) in regulating ER stress in CRC. METHODS: A public database was used to confirm the expression level of GCS1 in CRC and normal tissues. Clinical samples from our center were used to confirm the mRNA and protein expression levels of GCS1. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis assays revealed the biological role of GCS1. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression of key proteins in subcutaneous implanted tumors in nude mice, which provided further evidence for the biological function of GCS1 in promoting cancer in vivo. The results of coimmunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis and immunofluorescence colocalization analysis the interaction between GCS1 and GRP78. In addition, the mechanism of action of USP10, GRP78, and GCS1 at the post- translational level was investigated. Finally, a tissue microarray was used to examine the connection between GCS1 and GRP78 expression and intracellular localization of these proteins using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The experimental results revealed that GCS1 was substantially expressed in CRC, with higher expression indicating a worse prognosis. Thus, GCS1 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis while inhibiting the apoptosis of CRC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, GCS1 binds to GRP78, recruits USP10 for deubiquitination of GRP78 to promote its degradation, and decreases ER stress-mediated apoptosis, increasing CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, GCS1 stimulates CRC growth and migration and reduces ER stress-mediated apoptosis via USP10-mediated deubiquitination of GRP78. Our findings identify a possible therapeutic target for CRC.

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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa , Ubiquitinación , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Chaperón BiP del Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Ratones Desnudos , Proliferación Celular , Masculino , Línea Celular Tumoral , Apoptosis , Femenino , Movimiento Celular

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BACKGROUND: In locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), optimizing neoadjuvant strategies, including the addition of concurrent chemotherapy and dose escalation of radiotherapy, is essential to improve tumor regression and subsequent implementation of anal preservation strategies. Currently, dose escalation studies in rectal cancer have focused on the primary lesions. However, a common source of recurrence in LARC is the metastasis of cancer cells to the proximal lymph nodes. In our trial, we implement simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to both primary lesions and positive lymph nodes in the experimental group based on magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART), which allows for more precise (and consequently intense) targeting while sparing neighboring healthy tissue. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MRgART dose escalation to both primary lesions and positive lymph nodes, in comparison with the conventional radiotherapy of long-course concurrent chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) group, in the neoadjuvant treatment of LARC. METHODS: This is a multi-center, randomized, controlled phase III trial (NCT06246344). 128 patients with LARC (cT3-4/N+) will be enrolled. During LCCRT, patients will be randomized to receive either MRgART with SIB (60-65 Gy in 25-28 fractions to primary lesions and positive lymph nodes; 50-50.4 Gy in 25-28 fractions to the pelvis) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (50-50.4 Gy in 25-28 fractions). Both groups will receive concurrent chemotherapy with capecitabine and consolidation chemotherapy of either two cycles of CAPEOX or three cycles of FOLFOX between radiotherapy and surgery. The primary endpoints are pathological complete response (pCR) rate and surgical difficulty, while the secondary endpoints are clinical complete response (cCR) rate, 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates, acute and late toxicity and quality of life. DISCUSSION: Since dose escalation of both primary lesions and positive nodes in LARC is rare, we propose conducting a phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SIB for both primary lesions and positive nodes in LARC based on MRgART. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the Identifier: NCT06246344 (Registered 7th Feb 2024).

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Terapia Neoadyuvante , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagen , Neoplasias del Recto , Humanos , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/terapia , Neoplasias del Recto/radioterapia , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , Quimioradioterapia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/efectos adversos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática/radioterapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Adulto Joven

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Nonlinear metasurfaces have experienced rapid growth recently due to their potential in various applications, including infrared imaging and spectroscopy. However, due to the low conversion efficiencies of metasurfaces, several strategies have been adopted to enhance their performances, including employing resonances at signal or nonlinear emission wavelengths. This strategy results in a narrow operational band of the nonlinear metasurfaces, which has bottlenecked many applications, including nonlinear holography, image encoding, and nonlinear metalenses. Here, we overcome this issue by introducing a new nonlinear imaging platform utilizing a pump beam to enhance signal conversion through four-wave mixing (FWM), whereby the metasurface is resonant at the pump wavelength rather than the signal or nonlinear emissions. As a result, we demonstrate broadband nonlinear imaging for arbitrary objects using metasurfaces. A silicon disk-on-slab metasurface is introduced with an excitable guided-mode resonance at the pump wavelength. This enabled direct conversion of a broad IR image ranging from >1000 to 4000 nm into visible. Importantly, adopting FWM substantially reduces the dependence on high-power signal inputs or resonant features at the signal beam of nonlinear imaging by utilizing the quadratic relationship between the pump beam intensity and the signal conversion efficiency. Our results, therefore, unlock the potential for broadband infrared imaging capabilities with metasurfaces, making a promising advancement for next-generation all-optical infrared imaging techniques with chip-scale photonic devices.

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Although chromium trihalides are widely regarded as a promising class of two-dimensional magnets for next-generation devices, an accurate description of their electronic structure and magnetic interactions has proven challenging to achieve. Here, we quantify electronic excitations and spin interactions in CrX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) using embedded many-body wavefunction calculations and fully generalized spin Hamiltonians. We find that the three trihalides feature comparable d-shell excitations, consisting of a high-spin 4 A 2 ( t 2 g 3 e g 0 ) ground state lying 1.5-1.7 eV below the first excited state 4 T 2 ( t 2 g 2 e g 1 ). CrCl3 exhibits a single-ion anisotropy A sia = - 0.02 meV, while the Cr spin-3/2 moments are ferromagnetically coupled through bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions of J 1 = - 0.97 meV and J 2 = - 0.05 meV, respectively. The corresponding values for CrBr3 and CrI3 increase to A sia = -0.08 meV and A sia= - 0.12 meV for the single-ion anisotropy, J 1 = -1.21 meV, J 2 = -0.05 meV and J 1 = -1.38 meV, J 2 = -0.06 meV for the exchange couplings, respectively. We find that the overall magnetic anisotropy is defined by the interplay between A sia and A dip due to magnetic dipole-dipole interaction that favors in-plane orientation of magnetic moments in ferromagnetic monolayers and bulk layered magnets. The competition between the two contributions sets CrCl3 and CrI3 as the easy-plane (A sia + A dip >0) and easy-axis (A sia + A dip <0) ferromagnets, respectively. The differences between the magnets trace back to the atomic radii of the halogen ligands and the magnitude of spin-orbit coupling. Our findings are in excellent agreement with recent experiments, thus providing reference values for the fundamental interactions in chromium trihalides.

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BACKGROUND: Selective hemihepatic vascular occlusion is utilized in both right and left hemihepatectomies to preserve blood supply to the intact lobe, maintain hemodynamic stability, and mitigate surgical risks. While this technique encompasses both intrathecal and extrathecal Glissonean pedicle transection methods, there is a lack of systematic comparative reports on these two approaches. AIM: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing laparoscopic anatomical hepatectomy in our hospital to explore the feasibility, safety, and short- and long-term efficacy of extrathecal and intrathecal Glissonean pedicle transection methods in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 49 HCC patients who underwent laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy from January 2019 to December 2022 in our hospital. These patients were divided into extrathecal Glissonean pedicle transection (EGP) group (n = 24) and intrathecal Glissonean pedicle transection (IGP) group (n = 25) according to the different approaches used for selective hemihepatic vascular occlusion. The perioperative indicators, liver function indexes, complications, and follow-up findings were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: The surgeries were smooth in both groups, and no perioperative death was noted. The hepatic pedicle transection time and the operation time were (16.1 ± 2.3) minutes and (129.6 ± 19.0) minutes, respectively, in the EGP group, which were significantly shorter than those in the IGP group [(25.5 ± 2.4) minutes and (184.8 ± 26.0) minutes, respectively], both P < 0.01. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, time to anal exhaust, hospital stay, drain indwelling time, and postoperative liver function between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications showed no significant difference [16.67% (4/24) vs 16.0% (4/25), P > 0.05). All the 49 HCC patients were followed up after surgery (range: 11.2-53.3 months; median: 36.4 months). The overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were not significantly different (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both extrathecal and intrathecal Glissonean pedicle approaches are effective and safe hepatic inflow occlusion techniques in laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy for HCC. However, the extrathecal approach simplifies the hepatic pedicle transection, shortens the operation time, and increases the surgical efficiency, making it a more feasible technique.

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Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) released from reactors possesses significant radioactivity, heat release properties, and high-value radioactive nuclides. Therefore, using chemical methods for reprocessing can enhance economic efficiency and reduce the potential environmental risks of nuclear energy. Due to the presence of relatively diffuse f-electrons, the chemical properties of trivalent lanthanides (Ln(III)) and actinides (An(III)) in SNF solutions are quite similar. Separation methods have several limitations, including poor separation efficiency and the need for multiple stripping agents. The use of novel multi-dental phenanthroline-derived extractants with nitrogen donor atoms to effectively separate An(III) over Ln(III) has been widely accepted. This review first introduces the development history of phenanthroline-derived extractants for extraction and complexation with An(III) over Ln(III). Then, based on structural differences, these extractants are classified into four categories: nitrogen-coordinated, N,O-hybrid coordinated, highly preorganized structure, and unsymmetric structure. Each category's design principles, extraction, and separation performance as well as their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, we have summarized and compared the unique characteristics of the existing extractants and provided an outlook. This work may offer a reliable reference for the precise identification and selective separation between An(III) and Ln(III), and point the way for future development and exploration.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold potential as effective carriers for drug delivery, providing a promising approach to resolving challenges in lung cancer treatment. Traditional treatments, such as with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, encounter resistance in standard cell death pathways like apoptosis, prompting the need to explore alternative approaches. This study investigates the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) and EVs to induce ferroptosis-a regulated cell death mechanism-in lung cancer cells. We formulated a novel EV and IONP-based system, namely 'ExoFeR', and observed that ExoFeR demonstrated efficient ferroptosis induction, evidenced by downregulation of ferroptosis markers (xCT/SLC7A11 and GPX4), increased intracellular and mitochondrial ferrous iron levels, and morphological changes in mitochondria. To enhance efficacy, tumor-targeting transferrin (TF)-conjugated ExoFeR (ExoFeR TF ) was developed. ExoFeR TF outperformed ExoFeR, exhibiting higher uptake and cell death in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-a key regulator of genes involved in glutathione biosynthesis, antioxidant responses, lipid metabolism, and iron metabolism-was found downregulated in the ferroptotic cells. Inhibition of Nrf2 intracellular translocation in ExoFeR TF -treated cells was also observed, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in modulating ferroptosis-dependent cell death. Furthermore, ExoFeR and ExoFeR TF demonstrated the ability to sensitize chemo-resistant cancer cells, including cisplatin-resistant lung cancer patient-derived tumoroid organoids. In summary, ExoFeR TF presents a promising and multifaceted therapeutic approach for combating lung cancer by intrinsically inducing ferroptosis and sensitizing chemo-resistant cells.

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Background: Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and multiple sclerosis(MS), highlighting the significant role of GM in MS. However, there is a lack of systematic Scientometric analyses published in this specific research area to provide an overall understanding of the current research status. Methods: Perform a scientometric analysis on research conducted between 2010 and 2023 concerning the link between GM and MS using quantitative and visual analysis software (CiteSpace and VOSviewer.). Results: From January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2023, a total of 1019 records about GM and MS were retrieved. The number of publications exhibited a consistent upward trend annually. The United States led in publications, showed the strongest level of collaboration among countries. The University of California, San Francisco stands as the top institution in terms of output, and the most prolific and cited authors were Lloyd H. Kasper and Javier Ochoa-Reparaz from the USA. The research in this field primarily centers on investigating the alterations and associations of GM in MS or EAE, the molecular immunological mechanisms, and the potential of GM-based interventions to provide beneficial effects in MS or EAE. The Keywords co-occurrence network reveals five primary research directions in this field. The most frequently occurring keywords are inflammation, probiotics, diet, dysbiosis, and tryptophan. In recent years, neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric disorders have been prominent, indicating that the investigation of the mechanisms and practical applications of GM in MS has emerged as a current research focus. Moreover, GM research is progressively extending into the realm of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, potentially becoming future research hotspots. Conclusions: This study revealed a data-driven systematic comprehension of research in the field of GM in MS over the past 13 years, highlighted noteworthy research within the field, provided us with a clear understanding of the current research status and future trends, providing a valuable reference for researchers venturing into this domain.

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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Esclerosis Múltiple , Esclerosis Múltiple/microbiología , Humanos , Bibliometría , Animales

RESUMEN

Introduction: The prognosis of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/rAML) is dismal, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is a potential cure. Combining anti-PD-1, hypomethylating agent (HMA), and CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin/idarubicin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) regimen has showed primary efficacy in r/rAML. However, pre-transplant exposure to anti-PD-1 may lead to severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allo-HSCT in r/rAML patients receiving the anti-PD-1+HMA+CAG regimen. Methods: Fifteen r/rAML patients (12 related haploidentical donors [HIDs], 2 matched siblings, 1 unrelated donor) received this regimen and subsequent peripheral blood HSCT. Results: Four patients with HIDs received a GVHD prophylaxis regimen consisted of Anti-thymocyte globulin and a reduced-dose of post-transplant cyclophosphamide. The median follow-up was 20.9 months (range, 1.2-34.2). The cumulative incidences of acute GVHD grade 2-4 and grade 3-4 were 40% and 13.3%, respectively. The 2-year incidence of moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD, non-relapse mortality, and relapse were 10%, 22.3%, and 22.5%, respectively. The 2-year overall survival and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival rates were 54% and 48.6%, respectively. No death or relapse was observed in the PTCy group. Conclusion: The anti-PD-1+HMA+CAG regimen bridging to allo-HSCT for r/r AML was tolerable with promising efficacy. GVHD prophylaxis with PTCy for HID-HSCT showed preliminary survival advantage.

Asunto(s)

Aclarubicina , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Trasplante Homólogo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/administración & dosificación , Aclarubicina/uso terapéutico , Aclarubicina/administración & dosificación , Adulto Joven , Citarabina/uso terapéutico , Citarabina/administración & dosificación , Idarrubicina/administración & dosificación , Idarrubicina/uso terapéutico , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Resultado del Tratamiento , Recurrencia , Anciano

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: CCA has a poor prognosis. Different anatomical subtypes are characterized by distinct clinical features, surgical options, and prognoses, which can potentially impact survival outcomes following radical resection. In addition to the malignancy of CCA itself, clinical staging and treatment methods are the main factors that can affect survival. This study aims to update a more reliable prediction model for the prognosis of CCA based on different anatomical locations. METHODS: A total of 1172 CCA patients (305 iCCA, 467 pCCA, and 400 dCCA) who underwent surgical resection between 2015 and 2022 were included in the analysis. The covariates included in the analysis were age, sex, tumor diameter, differentiation grade, T stage, N stage, M stage, neural invasion, cancer thrombus, history of hepatitis B or biliary calculi, and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy. The data were randomly divided into training (80 %) and validation cohort (20 %). RESULTS: We developed a nomogram of the sensitive model and calculated concordance indices of different constructed prognostic survival models. Meanwhile, we validated the effectiveness of the nomogram model and compared it with the TNM system through decision curve analysis (DCA) and internal cohort validation. The nomogram model had a better net benefit than the TNM system at any given threshold for iCCA, pCCA, and dCCA, regardless of their location. CONCLUSIONS: We have updated the prognostic model for OS in CCA patients who underwent radical resection according to the different tumor locations. This model can effectively predict OS and has the potential to facilitate individual clinical decision-making.