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NRF2 signaling is a crucial antioxidant defense mechanism against ferroptosis in tumors, and targeting NRF2 is essential for tumor therapy. However, the effectiveness of NRF2 inhibitors remains unexplored. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine serve as important sources of NRF2 inhibitors. In this study, we established an intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) orthotopic model and observed the effects of procyanidin B1 on tumor growth and ferroptosis. Using protein-small-molecule docking, z-stack assay of laser confocal imaging, surface plasmon resonance assay, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and western blotting, we detected the binding between procyanidin B1 and NRF2 and the effect of PSMC3 on the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of NRF2 in GBM cells. Our results showed that procyanidin B1 acted as a novel NRF2 inhibitor to suppress GBM cell proliferation and prolonged the survival of GBM-bearing mice; it also mediated the interaction between PSMC3 and NRF2 to promote ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation of NRF2, which induced ferroptosis in GBM cells. In addition, we found that procyanidin B1 enhanced H2O2 accumulation by downregulating NRF2 during ferroptosis in GBM cells. The botanical agent procyanidin B1 induced ferroptosis and exerted anti-tumor effects through PSMC3-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation of NRF2 proteins, providing a potential drug candidate for adjuvant therapy in patients with GBM.

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Microglia are immune cells within the central nervous system (CNS) closely linked to brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In response to changes in the surrounding environment, microglia activate and change their state and function. Several factors, example for circadian rhythm disruption and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, influence microglia activation. In this review, we explore microglia's function and the associated neural mechanisms. We elucidate that circadian rhythms are essential factors influencing microglia activation and function. Circadian rhythm disruption affects microglia activation and, consequently, neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we found that abnormal microglia activation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases and an essential factor of disease development. Here we highlight the importance of microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting microglia for neurodegenerative disease treatment is a promising direction. We introduce the progress of methods targeting microglia for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the progress of drugs developed with microglia as targets, hoping to provide new ideas for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

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OBJECTIVE: The study presents an experiment platform to perform ventilation and develop the control strategy for ventilator. METHODS: The software designed by LabVEIW displays and saves data in ventilation support through connecting with data acquisition device and signal processing circuit, which is improved by control strategy in order to achieve the more scientific ventilation. RESULTS: The experiment platform realizes the ventilation support and is close to the data outputted from ventilator. CONCLUSIONS: The platform provides values for ventilation control strategy in development phase.

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Copper-modified ceria catalysts, (CuO)x /Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 nanospheres, for low-temperature CO oxidation were fabricated simply by using the hydrothermal synthesis of Cu-doped CeO2 (Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 ) nanospheres followed by deposition of CuO over Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 . The X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy characterizations demonstrated that the as-prepared nanospheres were composed of cubic CeO2 and monoclinic CuO with a typical diameter of around 70 nm. Moreover, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis illustrated the coexistence of Ce4+ /Ce3+ and Cu2+ /Cu+ redox couples in (CuO)x /Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) measurements indicated the excellent reduction behavior of the catalyst. The Raman spectra illustrated the oxygen vacancy in (CuO)0.3 /Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 , and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) demonstrated the stable existence of Cu+ species during CO oxidation. The (CuO)x /Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 nanospheres showed excellent catalytic activity toward CO oxidation in normal feed gas (volume ratio of CO/O2 /N2 =1:10:89) at ambient temperature. Catalytic tests revealed that the proportion of CuO in the final product has a strong influence on the resultant catalytic activities. The (CuO)x /Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 nanospheres hold great application potential as new catalysts for CO oxidation.

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OBJECTIVE: To assay ligustilide content in the herb of Szechwan Lovage Rhizome (Chuanxiong, CX), which is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in order to assess the quality. METHOD: Ligustilide was quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography in 21 CX samples. An Alltima C18 column (4.6 mmx 150 mm, 5 microm) was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile (40:60). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL x min(-1) with the column temperature at ambient conditions. The detection wavelength was set at 350 nm. RESULT: The average content of Z-ligustilide in 21 CX samples was found to be 7.40 +/- 3.54 mg x g(-1)(x +/- s, n = 21). Therefore,the content of Z-ligustilide in CX should not be less than 0.66% (calculated on the dried basis). CONCLUSION: The overall analytical procedure is rapid and accuracy which is considered suitable for the quantitative analysis of ligustilide in CX. The amount of ligustilide in CX samples collected from different cultivation areas was obviously different. However, a relatively higher content of ligustilide was generally found in the CX collected from its main cultivated areas.

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