RESUMEN
Background and Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, that is, characterized by cognitive decline. To date, there are no effective treatments for AD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map new perspectives on the effects of pharmacological treatment on cognitive function and the overall psychological state in patients with AD. Methods: Two independent researchers searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) exploring new pharmacological approaches related to cognition in Alzheimer's disease in adults from 2018 to 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 17 RCTs were included in this review. Results: The results show that in recent years, new drugs have been tested in patients with Alzheimer's disease, including masitinib, methylphenidate, levetiracetam, Jiannao Yizhi, and Huannao Yicong formulas. Most studies have been conducted in populations with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Although some of the drugs found suggested improvement in cognitive function, the scarcity of available studies highlights the need for further research in this area. Systematic review registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42023409986].
RESUMEN
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that affects a large proportion of teenagers and young adults. Despite the availability of various treatment options, many patients experience inadequate relief or intolerable side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a growing interest in the treatment of acne vulgaris, with 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) being one of the most commonly used photosensitizers. Adalimumab is a biologic medication used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as Psoriasis and Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), which targets TNF-α. Combining different therapies, such as ALA-PDT and adalimumab, can often provide more effective and longer-lasting results. This report presents the case of a patient with severe and refractory acne vulgaris who was treated with a combination of ALA-PDT and adalimumab, resulting in significant improvement in the condition. The literature review highlights the significant comorbidity associated with acne, emphasizing the need for potential of TNF-α inhibitors for its effective treatments that address physical symptoms and ALA-PDT is known to treat scar hyperplasia, and to prevent or minimize the formation of post-acne hypertrophic scars. The combination of TNF inhibitors and ALA-PDT or adalimumab has shown promising results in treating inflammatory skin conditions, including severe and refractory acne vulgaris, as per recent studies.
RESUMEN
Background and objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by declining cognitive ability. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this condition. However, certain measures, such as nutritional interventions, can slow disease progression. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to identify and map the updates of the last 5 years regarding the nutritional status and nutritional interventions associated with AD patients. Study design: A systematic review. Methods: A search was conducted for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses investigating the association between nutritional interventions and AD published between 2018 and 2022 in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 38 studies were identified, of which 17 were randomized clinical trials, and 21 were systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses. Results: The results show that the western diet pattern is a risk factor for developing AD. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, and supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics are protective factors. This effect is significant only in cases of mild-to-moderate AD. Conclusion: Certain nutritional interventions may slow the progression of AD and improve cognitive function and quality of life. Further research is required to draw more definitive conclusions.
RESUMEN
Early identification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential to combat worldwide dementia threats. Physical function indicators might be low-cost early markers for cognitive decline. To establish an early identification tool for MCI by combining physical function indicators (upper and lower limb function) via a clinical prediction modeling strategy. A total of 5393 participants aged 60 or older were included in the model. The variables selected for the model included sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, mental status and chronic conditions, upper limb function (handgrip strength), and lower limb function (self-rated squat ability). Two models were developed to test the predictive value of handgrip strength (Model 1) or self-rated squat ability (Model 2) separately, and Model 3 was developed by combining handgrip strength and self-rated squat ability. The 3 models all yielded good discrimination performance (area under the curve values ranged from 0.719 to 0.732). The estimated net reclassification improvement values were 0.3279 and 0.1862 in Model 3 when comparing Model 3 to Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The integrated discrimination improvement values were estimated as 0.0139 and 0.0128 when comparing Model 3 with Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The model that contains both upper and lower limb function has better performance in predicting MCI. The final prediction model is expected to assist health workers in early identification of MCI, thus supporting early interventions to reduce future risk of AD, particularly in socioeconomically deprived communities.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Disfunción Cognitiva , Humanos , Fuerza de la Mano , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Objectiveï¼ This study aimed to assess the impact of urogenital ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections on semen quality in men.Methodsï¼ In this study, 1022 males were enrolled at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital, Shandong Province from October 2014 to January 2023. The participants included 393 in the infertility group, 139 in the recurrent miscarriage group, and 490 in the control group. Based on age, 852 cases were < 36 years old, and 170 cases were ≥ 36 years old. All patients underwent routine semen analysis and tests for Uu, Mh, and Ct, with results statistically analyzed for their impact on semen quality and compared among different age groups. Results: Among the 1022 patients, 344 (33.6%) were Uu-positive, 49 (4.7%) were Mh-positive, and 31 (3.0%) were Ct positive. The sperm concentration, total sperm count, forward sperm motility rate (PR), sperm motility rate (PR+NP) and normal sperm morphology rate of Uu Mh and/or Ct-positive patients were significantly lower than those of the negative group, and the overall difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rate of Uu infection was 41.7% in the infertility group, 30.2% in the recurrent miscarriage group and 28.2% in the control group, and the overall positive rate of the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The positive rate of Mh infection was 6.9% in the infertility group, 8.6% in the recurrent miscarriage group and 2.0% in the control group, and the overall positive rate of the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The positive rate of Ct infection was 6.1% in the infertility group, 2.9% in the recurrent miscarriage group and 0.6% in the control group, and the overall positive rate of the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The positivity rate of Uu infection was 35.8% at the age of <36 years and 22.9% at the age ≥ 36 years, and there was a statistically significant difference in the positivity rate between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of Uu infection in the male urogenital tract is significantly higher than that of Mh and Ct, which is the main pathogen of urogenital tract infection in men. Uu, Mh and Ct infections have adverse effects on sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm forward motility rate (PR), sperm motility rate (PR+NP) and normal sperm morphology rate, which will lead to a decrease in semen quality and affect male fertility. Genital tract infections are closely related to age, and the prevalence of Uu infection is higher in the younger age group.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Habitual , Infecciones por Chlamydia , Infertilidad , Mycoplasma , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Análisis de Semen , Semen , Motilidad Espermática , Mycoplasma hominis , Infecciones por Chlamydia/complicaciones , FertilidadRESUMEN
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Laminin (LN) is involved in the process of myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling observed in AMI; however, there are currently no studies on the correlation between LN and AMI prognosis. Purpose: To explore the predictive value of serum LN levels for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients, 6 months after an acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A total of 202 AMI patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between December 2019 and December 2020 were included. The observation endpoint was the occurrence of MACE. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between the variables and endpoint. The predictive value of LN for MACE in AMI patients was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: A total of 47 patients developed MACE. Univariate logistic analysis showed that smoking, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (EPCI), age, cardiac troponin I (c-TNI) levels, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and LN levels were associated with the occurrence of MACE (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that LN was an independent predictor of MACE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.021, 95%CI: 1.014-1.032, p < 0.001). According to the ROC curve, LN can be used as an effective predictor of MACE (AUC = 0.856, 95%CI: 0.794-0.918, p < 0.001). According to the cutoff value, LN>58.80 ng/ml (sensitivity = 83.00%, specificity = 76.80%) or LN>74.15 ng/ml (sensitivity = 76.6%, specificity = 83.2%) indicate a poor prognosis for AMI. Different cut-off values are selected according to the need for higher sensitivity or specificity in clinical applications. Conclusions: LN may be a predictor of MACE following AMI in patients and could be utilized as a novel substitute marker for the prevention and treatment of AMI.
RESUMEN
Objectives: Chronic pain (CP) is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience that can be accompanied by tissue damage that persists for more than 3 months. Recent studies show that certain nutritional strategies can help to improve pain, so this study is aimed to systematically review scientific evidence to understand and map the effect of the use of nutritional strategies on the presence or intensity of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) and the association of these nutritional aspects with the presence or intensity of CNCP. Study design: A systematic review. Methods: Two independent researchers searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that explored the relationship between nutrition and CNCP in adults from 2010 to 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 24 studies were included, of which 20 were RCTs and 4 were observational studies. They are classified into the administration of nutritional supplements, dietary modification, and incorporation of food. Results: Of these studies, those that have a significant effect on pain are dietary modification and the use of nutritional supplements. On the other hand, the main results from the few observational studies included in this review point to the existence of an association relationship between less pain and a ketogenic or hypocaloric diet or adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusion: Dietary modification seems to be one plausible therapeutic option to improve and relieve CNCP. However, more research is needed in this regard to obtain better conclusions. Systematic Review Registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021226431].
RESUMEN
The strain JPL-2, capable of degrading fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE), was isolated from the soil of a wheat field and identified as Rhodococcus ruber. This strain could utilize FE as its sole carbon source and degrade 94.6% of 100 mg L(-1) FE in 54 h. Strain JPL-2 could also degrade other aryloxyphenoxy propanoate (AOPP) herbicides. The initial step of the degradation pathway is to hydrolyze the carboxylic acid ester bond. A novel esterase gene feh, encoding the FE-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase (FeH) responsible for this initial step, was cloned from strain JPL-2. Its molecular mass was approximately 39 kDa, and the catalytic efficiency of FeH followed the order of FE > quizalofop-P-ethyl > clodinafop-propargyl > cyhalofop-butyl > fluazifop-P-butyl > haloxyfop-P-methyl > diclofop-methy, which indicated that the chain length of the alcohol moiety strongly affected the hydrolysis activity of the FeH toward AOPP herbicides.
Asunto(s)
Carboxilesterasa/genética , Carboxilesterasa/metabolismo , Herbicidas/metabolismo , Oxazoles/metabolismo , Propionatos/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Biotransformación , Carboxilesterasa/química , Clonación Molecular , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/enzimología , Rhodococcus/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , Especificidad por Sustrato , Triticum/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The strain JPL-2, capable of degrading fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE), was isolated from the soil of a wheat field and identified as Rhodococcus ruber. This strain could utilize FE as its sole carbon source and degrade 94.6% of 100 mg L−1 FE in 54 h. Strain JPL-2 could also degrade other aryloxyphenoxy propanoate (AOPP) herbicides. The initial step of the degradation pathway is to hydrolyze the carboxylic acid ester bond. A novel esterase gene feh, encoding the FE-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase (FeH) responsible for this initial step, was cloned from strain JPL-2. Its molecular mass was approximately 39 kDa, and the catalytic efficiency of FeH followed the order of FE > quizalofop-P-ethyl > clodinafop-propargyl > cyhalofop-butyl > fluazifop-P-butyl > haloxyfop-P-methyl > diclofop-methy, which indicated that the chain length of the alcohol moiety strongly affected the hydrolysis activity of the FeH toward AOPP herbicides.