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The purpose of this study is to explore the smoking-related behaviors of people ≥60 years of age with respiratory diseases in Shangqiu area. A total of 550 patients with respiratory diseases ≥60 years old who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu from April 2015 to April 2017 were selected as the survey subjects through random sampling. Among them, there were 351 males and 199 females; the age ranged from 60 to 86 (72.85±5.71) years old. Follow-up until April 2020, and the follow-up was 3 years or more and related information and death information were also collected. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influence of smoking behavior in the survey subjects on the death risk of people with respiratory diseases ≥ 60 years old. A total of 550 cases were included in the survey, and 25 cases were lost to follow-up. The effective number was 525, and the survey effective rate was 95.45%. Among the 525 patients, 336 (64.00%) were males and 189 (36.00%) were females. The age ranged from 60 to 86 (72.69±5.64) years old. The education level was mainly high school and technical secondary school, accounting for 39.24% of the total population. The primary diseases included tracheitis/bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, COPD and lung cancer. Among 525 patients with respiratory diseases ≥60 years old, non-smokers accounted for 11.05% (58/525), smokers accounted for 68.00% (357/525), and quitters accounted for 20.95% (110/525). The duration of smoking was more than 20 years, accounting for 33.33% (175/525). The smoking intensity was mainly moderate, accounting for 33.90% (178/525). The duration of smoking cessation was mainly<5 years, accounting for 8.76% (46/525). Follow-up until April 2020, the mortality rate of 525 patients with respiratory diseases ≥60 years old was 14.10% (74/525). Cox regression analysis showed that smoking duration, smoking intensity, cumulative smoking amount, and duration of smoking cessation were the influencing factors of death in patients with respiratory diseases ≥60 years old in Shangqiu area (P<0.05). It can be seen that smoking duration, smoking intensity, cumulative smoking amount, and smoking cessation duration may be independent risk factors for death in patients with respiratory diseases ≥ 60 years old in Shangqiu area, and may increase the relative risk of death.

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Objective: To investigate the clinical features of lung natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma. Methods: The clinical data of patients with lung NK/T-cell lymphoma confirmed by pathology who were hospitalized due to lung shadow and initially treated as pneumonia from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was collected from June 2013 to January 2019. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT findings, treatment procedures, outcomes, and misdiagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 15 enrolled patients with lung NK/T-cell lymphoma, 5 were primary and the other 10 were secondary. There were 8 males and 7 females, aged 20-76 years. Fever presented in 14 cases, dyspnea was observed in 4 cases and 2 cases had cough. A total of 12 cases had leukopenia, 10 cases had mononuclear cell increase, 10 cases had liver dysfunction, 13 cases had elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 2 cases of primary lung NK/T-cell lymphoma had increased pleural LDH and adenosine deaminase. Five cases of primary lung NK/T-cell lymphoma had multiple lung lesions, with diffuse multiple solid shadows, ground glass and patchy shadows, some with nodules; 10 cases of secondary lung NK/T-cell lymphoma showed nodular masses, some were accompanied by patchy shadows, and most patients had multiple lesions scattering in the lung. All the fifteen patients were misdiagnosed as pneumonia in the early stage, and then were diagnosed by percutaneous lung biopsy or transbronchial biopsy. Six patients underwent chemotherapy, of which 1 achieved complete response, 4 were in follow-up and 1 died of respiratory failure; 5 patients died of respiratory failure after diagnosis and 4 patients discharged and died within half a year. Conclusions: The lung NK/T-cell lymphoma are rare. The clinical manifestations and pulmonary imaging findings are indistinguishable from pulmonary inflammatory lesions. They are easily misdiagnosed as pneumonia. Early CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy or transbronchial biopsy can improve the diagnostic accuracy.

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BACKGROUND: The detailed population-based data on irritable bowel syndrome in South China are lacking. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in South China and its impact on health-related quality of life. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A face-to-face interview was carried out in South China to assess the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome. Random clustered sampling of permanent inhabitants aged 18-80 years was carried out under stratification of urban and suburban areas. The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Chinese version of SF-36. RESULTS: A total of 4178 subjects (1907 male and 2271 female) were interviewed. The adjusted prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in South China is 11.50% according to the Manning criteria and 5.67% according to the Rome II criteria. Factors including history of analgesic use such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (odds ratio 3.83), history of food allergies (odds ratio 2.68), psychological distress (odds ratio 2.18), life events (odds ratio 1.89), history of dysentery (odds ratio 1.63) and negative coping style (odds ratio 1.28) were significantly associated with the presence of irritable bowel syndrome (P < 0.05). Irritable bowel syndrome was significantly associated with a decrement in health-related quality of life score. CONCLUSION: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder in South China and has a negative impact on health-related quality of life.

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