RESUMEN
In the context of the planning phase of a large cohort study on dietary habits and cancer, we have developed a food frequency questionnaire on usual food intake, which includes a set of pictures to estimate the portion size of 23 different dishes. The validity of the estimation of portion size of recently consumed foods has been questioned by other researchers. To validate the use of pictures, we organized a field trial with 103 volunteers. They were invited to a dinner where standard Italian dishes were offered (total 17 foods); all of the portions they chose were recorded and weighed. The following day, we interviewed the volunteers on what they consumed during the dinner, and we compared the weight of the food actually eaten with the weight of the food represented in the pictures. The volunteers overestimated the portion size by more than 20% for six foods and underestimated the portion size by more than 20% for four foods. In addition, we found a tendency toward overestimation of portion size by those who ate smaller portions and underestimation, by those who ate larger portions ("flat slope syndrome").
Asunto(s)
Apetito , Ingestión de Alimentos , Adulto , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Elderly is particularly at risk of malnutrition: he is not able to feed himself adequately, it is then important to attain correct intakes using also artificial enteral nutritional techniques (nasogastric tube, gastrostomy, etc.). These techniques may lead to complications (ab ingestis pneumonia, metabolic complications, alvus disorders): the use of artificially nutrition in the elderly must be carefully evaluated. 257 patients (M = 180, F = 77) aged 65 or more, mainly affected by neoplastic diseases (n 195) and by neurological and vascular diseases (n 62). The feeding route were evaluated in this study: 74% by nasogastric tube, 13% by gastrostomy, 11% by jejunostomy. In a group of 55 patients similar concerning clinical and nutritional conditions we evaluated at the beginning of enteral feeding and four months later, caloric/protein intake, body weight and plasmatic albumin. In patients fed by nasogastric tube a mean intake of 1300 +/- 365 Kcal n.p./die, with a protein rate of 58.5 +/- 16.9 g/die was attained; by gastrostomy 1450 +/- 324 Kcal n.p./die and 65.5 +/- 16 g/die; by jejunostomy 1219 +/- 398 Kcal n.p./die and 53.3 +/- 21 g/die. The compliance to enteral nutrition was well in 37% of patients night administration was performed. Clinical complications: nausea and vomiting were observed in 9 patients with nasogastric tube, in 1 patient with gastrostomy and in 3 patients with jejunostomy; diarrhea has been noticed in 6 patients with nasogastric tube and in 1 patient with jejunostomy. Mechanical complications; nasogastric tube (n 189): 35 displacements, 7 breakages, 4 obstructions; pharyngostomy (n 6): 2 displacements and 1 obstruction; gastrostomy (n 33): 3 displacements; jejunostomy (n 29): 2 misplacements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Nutrición Enteral , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gastrostomía , Humanos , Intubación Gastrointestinal , Yeyunostomía , Masculino , Faringostomía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The collateral effects of antineoplastic therapy often lead to a deterioration of the cachectic condition induced by the presence of the tumour itself. This study analysed the effects of a programme of dietary surveillance/support in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing a cycle of MACOP-B polychemotherapy. During the entire course of therapy patients were followed weekly by a nutritional specialist and a dietician in order to assess and if necessary modify food intake, also in relation to the onset of collateral effects. Using this programme it was observed that a satisfactory nutritional state was maintained during the entire cycle, with an increased food intake compared to the start of the cycle and to conditions of good health.