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Purpose: To determine the distribution and characteristics of peripheral refraction in adults with myopia using the novel multispectral refraction topography. Method: A total of 187 adults with myopia were recruited for this study. This study was conducted in two stages. Part I: participants were divided into 6 groups based on the central refraction of the right eyes, Part II: according to the interocular differences in refractive error (IOD) of the central refraction, we divided the participants into isomyopia group (IOD<1.00 D) and anisomyopia group (IOD≥1.0 D). We surveyed the characteristics of peripheral refraction and relative peripheral refraction (RPR), as well as the correlation between RPR and central refraction, age, sex, and axial length. Result: Part I: With an increase in the degree of myopia, relative peripheral hyperopia developed from the center to the periphery. A statistically significant hyperopia shift compared to the center (P < 0.05) was first observed on the temporal side within a 40° field of view at the posterior pole of the retina. The RPR of the temporal, superior, and inferior retinas positively correlated only with age. Part II: In the isomyopic participants, there was no difference in peripheral refraction between the eyes (P < 0.05). In the anisomyopic participants, the RPR of the more myopic eyes was more hyperopic than that of the less myopic eyes in NRDV40-50, SRDV10-20, SRDV30-50, TRDV20-30, TRDV40-50, and IRDV10-40. Conclusion: With an increase in the degree of myopia, relative peripheral hyperopia developed from the center to the periphery, and peripheral refraction progressed at different rates in various retinal zones.

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AIM: To avoid the problem of retinal dissection in guinea pig large eyeball tissue sections, different methods were used to optimize the fixation effect of the posterior pole of the eyeball.METHODS: A total of 75 normal guinea pigs(2 weeks old)were randomly divided into 5 large groups. Group A(1-3 small groups), the entire eyeball was fixed with FAS, Davidson fixative 1(D1), and Davidson fixative 2(D2)for 24 h; group B(4-6 small groups), the entire eyeball was fixed with FAS, D1, and D2 for 1 h, then cut the cornea and fix it in their respective fixatives for 2 h; group C(7-9 small groups), the eyeball was fixed in FAS, D1, and D2 for 1 h, divided into left and right halves along the direction of the optic nerve, and then placed them in their respective fixation solutions for 2 h; group D(10-12 small groups), after fixation for 3 h in FAS, D1, and D2, the eyeball was divided into left and right halves along the optic nerve direction; group E(13-15 small groups), the cornea was cut after fixation for 3 h in FAS, D1, and D2. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to compare the fixation effect on posterior eyeball in each group.RESULTS: After fixation, the surface of the eyeballs in groups, 1-6 and 11-15 was smooth and round, with a transparent and bright color. In groups 7-10, the eyeballs were sunken, wrinkled, and deformed. The HE staining showed that the eyeball morphology of groups 1, 5, 6, 14, and 15 was significantly better than the other groups, with a regular internal tissue structure. The eyeballs of the other groups were sunken and wrinkled, and the internal tissue was curled and tangled, with severe retinal detachment. In groups 1, 5, 6, 14, and 15, the retina, choroid, and sclera tissues of group 14 were closely connected, without obvious retinal detachment, rupture, or curling. The tissue structure was clear and visible, and the cells were arranged neatly.CONCLUSION: The fixation effect of cutting the cornea after fixing guinea pig eyeball with D1 fixative for 3 h is the most ideal, and this operation method is simple and suitable for studying the related structures of the posterior pole of the eye.

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OBJECTIVE To study the intervention effect and metabolic mechanism of Mongolian medicine Echinops sphaerocephalus extract on D-galactose-induced osteoporosis. METHODS Thirty-six 12-week-old male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into blank group， model group， Gushukang group， E. sphaerocephalus high-dose， medium-dose and low- dose groups， with 6 rats in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose at 120 mg/kg per day. After 8 weeks of continuous injection， E. sphaerocephalus high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose groups were given drugs intragastrically at dose of 878， 439， 219.5 mg/kg， respectively. Gushukang group was given Gushukang 105.1 mg/kg intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 8 weeks. After last administration， blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the contents of bone metabolism indexes [hydroxyproline （HYP）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）] and oxidative stress indexes [total antioxidant capacity （TAOC）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）] in serum of rats. Positron emission tomography/computedtomography （PET/CT） was used to analyze the changes of bone microstructure in right tibia bone. Meanwhile， metabolomic technology was used to study the regulation effect of E. sphaerocephalus on osteoporosis model rats. RESULTS Compared with blank group， HYP， ALP， MDA， ratio of bone surface to bone volume （BS/BV）， and trabecular separation （Tb·Sp） in model group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）， while TAOC， SOD， bone mineral density （BMD）， bone volume fraction （BVF）， trabecular E-mail：Xpfdc153@163.com thickness （Tb·Th） and trabecular number （Tb·N） were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， above indexes of administration groups were all reversed to different extents. The results of metabonomics study showed that after intervened with the extract of E. sphaerocephalus， 18 metabolites such as arachidonic acid， phenylalanine， tyrosine， tryptophan， isoleucine and uric acid in the serum of rats changed significantly， involving 15 metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid， phenylalanine and tyrosine， of which arachidonic acid metabolism， phenylalanine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism were the main influencing pathways. CONCLUSIONS E. sphaerocephalus extract can effectively improve D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and the deterioration of bone microstructure， which interferes with metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify thickness, vessel density (VD) of retina and choroid in young adults (18-24 years old) using OCTA. METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study included 154 eyes from 77 young myopic adults. En-face angiogram OCTA was performed on a 3.00 × 3.00 mm region centered on the macula. Automated thickness calculations and macular maps were measured. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and AL were examined to determine associations with thickness, vessel density (VD) of retina and choroid. RESULTS: A total of 148 healthy eyes from 77 young myopic adults (29 males and 48 females) with a mean age of 21.80 ± 1.32 years (range: 18-24 years) were included. The mean SER and AL were - 4.06 ± 2.26D and 25.25 ± 1.28 mm, respectively. The mean retinal thickness (RT, ILM-RPE layer) was 240.91 ± 13.36 µm, the retinal superficial (SVD) and deep vessel density (DVD) in fovea region were 18.35 ± 4.77% and 32.99 ± 6.01%, respectively. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area was 0.31 ± 0.10 mm2. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion area were 232.16 ± 56.65 µm and 2.17 ± 0.10 mm2, respectively. By Pearson's correlation analysis, SER was revealed to be negatively correlated with RT (r = -0.180, p = 0.028) and DVD (r = -0.185, p = 0.025) in fovea region. SER was revealed to be positively correlated with RT in nasal (r = 0.224, p = 0.006) and inferior (r = 0.217, p = 0.008) regions. AL was revealed to be positively correlated with RT (r = 0.250, p = 0.002) and DVD (r = 0.284, p < 0.001) in fovea region. SER was revealed to be positively correlated with SFCT (r = 0.486, p < 0.001). AL was revealed to be negatively correlated with FAZ area (r = -0.232, p = 0.005) and SFCT (r = -0.407). RT was revealed to be negatively correlated with FAZ area (r = -0.645, p < 0.001). SER (r = -0.079), AL (r = 0.071) and SFCT (r = 0.089) did not correlate significantly with the CC perfusion area (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Myopic eyes present increased RT, DVD and thinned SFCT in fovea, while no significant correlation could be found between SER, AL, SFCT and CC perfusion area. It may indicate that the SFCT thinning may be secondary to ocular elongation, while the CC perfusion area may be a factor independent of AL growth.

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Angiografía , Coroides/irrigación sanguínea , Miopía/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen de Perfusión , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Miopía/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Vasos Retinianos/fisiopatología , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven

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BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0206 subtype is related to the abscess of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but there is no corresponding transgenic animal models that could used to judge the relationship between HLA-A*0206 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma on the overal level and further research of immunotherapy and gene therapy. OBJECTIVE:To construct lentiviral vectors carrying pLVX-CMV-HLA-A*0206-HA-mCMV-ZsGreen and establish HLA-A*0206 transgenic mice. METHODS:The HLA-A*0206 sequence was synthesized. EcoRI recognition site was introduced in the 5’ end by polymerase chain reaction, and influenza virus hemagglutinin labels and BamHI recognition site were introduced in the 3’ end. Eco RI and Bam HI double enzyme digestion target fragments and the pLVX-CMV-mCMV-ZsGreen plasmids were connected to the digested productions and transfected JM109 competent cel s. The positive clones were selected and identified by double enzyme digestion and sequencing. The positive plasmid and packaging plasmids were transfected into 293T cel s, which were human renal epithelial cel line that can express SV40 large T antigen. The lentivirus containing target sequence was produced. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Gel electrophoresis and sequencing results showed that, HLA-A*0206 was successful y inserted into pLVX-CMV-mCMV-ZsGreen frame plasmids. Transfection efficiency was 92%after 48 hours of transfecting 293T cel s. The viral suspension titer was 5 × 108 measured by fluorescence method. Experimental findings indicate that, the lentivirus containing cytomegalovirus promoter, HLA-A*0206, influenza virus hemagglutinin label and Zsgreen report gene was successful y constructed.

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Objective To accurately determine the biological characteristics , especially the disease-related indexes of SPF rabbits , and their gender differences .Methods A total of thirty 70-80 day old SPF New Zealand rabbits (male :female=1:1) were fed for a week, and then we weighed the body weight and main organs , determined the blood physiological and biochemical indexes , blood gas and arterial pressure , and measured the ventricular pressure by thoracotomy under respiratory support .Results Comparison of the male and female SPF New Zealand rabbits showed that there were significant differences in the mass of thyroid , adrenal gland, and liver (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the brain, pituitary gland, thyroid gland organ coefficients ( P<0.05 or P<0.01); the thyroid/brain, adrenal/brain, and liver/brain ratios (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the mean erythrocyte volume and mean hemoglobin content (P<0.05 or P<0.01);and in glutamyl transpetidase and amylase ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) , but no significant differences in blood gas analysis ,heart rate and carotid artery systolic and diastolic blood pressure , left ventricular systolic and diastolic blood pressure , and right ventricular systolic and diastolic blood pressure .Conclusions The gender has an impact on organ weight and blood physiological and biochemical indexes in New Zealand rabbits , but no significant influence on blood gas , blood pressure , heart rate and ventricular pressure in the rabbits .

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Through the review of the research on electronic health records at home and abroad,the author introduced the process of the construction of electronic health records at home and abroad.By comparing the reviews,we sumed up the characteristics of the construction of the electronic health records abroad,so as to provide references to our electronic health records and improvement suggestions for insufficient health records construction in China.

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AIM: To investigate the application of phrenic nerve conduction time(PNCT) in the recovery of general anaesthesia. METHODS: Pdi (t) and PNCT were measured by cervical magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves in 8 patients before and after the administration of muscle relaxant. RESULTS: Pdi (t) was reduced from (23.7?2.4) cmH 2O to (11.5?3.4) cmH 2O (reduction rate: 51.5%, P