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Cherenkov radiation (CR) is the characteristic blue glow that is generated during radiotherapy or radioisotope decay. Its distribution and intensity naturally reflect the actual dose and field of radiotherapy and the location of radioisotope imaging agents in vivo. Therefore, CR can represent a potential in situ light source for radiotherapy monitoring and radioisotope-based tumor imaging. When used in combination with new imaging techniques, molecular probes or nanomedicine, CR imaging exhibits unique advantages (accuracy, low cost, convenience and fast) in tumor radiotherapy monitoring and imaging. Furthermore, photosensitive nanomaterials can be used for CR photodynamic therapy, providing new approaches for integrating tumor imaging and treatment. Here the authors review the latest developments in the use of CR in tumor research and discuss current challenges and new directions for future studies.

Cherenkov radiation (CR) is the characteristic blue glow that is generated during radiotherapy (a common treatment that uses radiation to kill cancer cells) or radioisotope decay (the process that emits radiation from radioisotopes). CR can be used for monitoring the dose and dose distribution of radiotherapy to prevent radiotherapy-related adverse events. In addition, radioisotope-induced CR can be used as a light source for locating the tumor region for tumor imaging. With a combination of imaging techniques, molecular probes and nanomedicine, CR exhibits huge potential and unique advantages (accuracy, low cost, convenience and fast) in tumor radiotherapy monitoring and imaging. Furthermore, some photosensitive nanomaterials have been developed to absorb CR to generate reactive oxygen species, which can result in cell death. This therapeutic strategy is known as CR photodynamic therapy. CR photodynamic therapy is available to integrate with radiotherapy or tumor imaging, providing new approaches for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Here the authors review the latest developments in the use of CR in tumor research and discuss current challenges and new directions for future studies.

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Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) might help maintain coronaviruses severely affecting human health, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It has long been suggested that bats may be more tolerant of viral infection than other mammals due to their unique immune system, but the exact mechanism remains to be fully explored. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple animal species were diseased by SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the respiratory system. Herein, single-cell transcriptomic data of the lungs of a horseshoe bat, a cat, a tiger, and a pangolin were generated. The receptor distribution of twenty-eight respiratory viruses belonging to fourteen viral families were characterized for the four species. Comparison on the immune-related transcripts further revealed limited cytokine activations in bats, which might explain the reason why bats experienced only mild diseases or even no symptoms upon virus infection. Our findings might increase our understanding of the immune background of horseshoe bats and their insensitivity to virus infections.

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A few animals have been suspected to be intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a large-scale single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells on a wide variety of animals is missing. Here, we constructed the single-cell atlas for 11 representative species in pets, livestock, poultry, and wildlife. Notably, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in cat was found considerably higher than other species we investigated and SARS-CoV-2 target cells were detected in multiple cell types of domestic pig, implying the necessity to carefully evaluate the risk of cats during the current COVID-19 pandemic and keep pigs under surveillance for the possibility of becoming intermediate hosts in future coronavirus outbreak. Furthermore, we screened the expression patterns of receptors for 144 viruses, resulting in a comprehensive atlas of virus target cells. Taken together, our work provides a novel and fundamental strategy to screen virus target cells and susceptible species, based on single-cell transcriptomes we generated for domesticated animals and wildlife, which could function as a valuable resource for controlling current pandemics and serve as an early warning system for coping with future infectious disease threats.

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Objective To investigate the the treatment of class Ⅲ malocclusion by orthognathic surgery combined with postoperative orthodontics.Methods Nine patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion were treated by surgery-first approach without pre-surgical orthodontic from January 2012 to August 2014.The studied sample consisted of 7 women and 2 men (aged 15-28 years old, mean age 19.7 years), who had obvious mandibular protrusion.2 to 3 days after surgery, intermaxillary traction was used to made the maxilla and mandible together by board;we replaced a rubber band every 2 to 3 days and lasted for four weeks.We would dismantle board and performed conventional orthodontic treatment after patient's facial swelling subsided, and the positional relationship between the jaw stabilized.Results The face type of 9 patients were greatly improved after orthodontic treatment for 6.5 to 19.5 months.Patients and their family members felt satisfied, and their occlusal function returned to normal.At 3 to 32 months follow-up, the postoperative appearance and occlusion were becoming good without obvious signs of recurrence.Conclusions The surgery-first approach is an effective method to treat skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion.

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normal group, and the difference of bone mineral density was significant between two groups with lumbar spines and trochanter (P 0.05).③Osteoporosis grouping: The risk factors of osteoporosis may be found only in BMI between the two groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:The utilization of aspirin in 510 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the department of Endocrinology in our hospital from April 2004 to April 2007 was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Of the total 510 cases,68.2% received aspirin,with daily dose reached 50～100mg.Aspirin was more often used in patients complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension(P