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To explore the potential protective effect of resveratrol (RES) on cold-exposed broilers, 360 21-day-old broilers were equally divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates. A control (CON) group was reared at the normal feeding temperature and received a basal diet, and 4 cold exposure (8 ± 1°C for 10 h/d from d 29 to 42) groups were fed the basal diet with 0 (CE), 250 (CE + RES250), 500 (CE + RES500), and 750 (CE + RES750) mg/kg RES from d 22 to 42. Broilers were slaughtered on d 42 and heart tissues were collected to measure the relevant indexes. The results showed that heart tissues of all CE-broilers had inflammatory cell infiltrations, and dietary RES supplementation reduced this phenomenon. Compared to CON group, the concentrations of MDA and H2O2 were increased and activities of SOD and CAT were decreased in all CE-broilers (P < 0.05). mRNA expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (GRP78, IRE1, PERK, EIF-2α, ATF4, ATF6, and CHOP), pyroptosis (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase1, GSDME, IL-18, and IL-1ß), and proinflammation (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6) was upregulated and that of ant-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was downregulated in CE and all CE + RES groups compared to CON group (P < 0.05). Compared to CE group, the activities of SOD and CAT and mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory genes were increased (P < 0.05), and concentrations of MDA and H2O2 and mRNA expression of ER stress, pyroptosis and proinflammatory genes were reduced (P < 0.05) in 3 CE + RES groups. Additionally, protein levels of PERK, ATF4, CHOP, NLRP3, Caspase1, GSDMD, IL-18, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-10 were similar in their mRNA expression. Overall, cold exposure caused oxidative stress and ER stress, and induced pyroptosis and inflammatory response, resulting in heart injury in broilers, and dietary RES addition reduced heart damage by enhancing antioxidant defense function. This study indicates that RES can be a feed additive to alleviate cold exposure-induced heart injury in broilers, and a 500 mg RES/kg diet is the optimal supplemental level.

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Microplastics have emerged as a significant global concern, particularly in marine ecosystems. While extensive research has focused on the toxicological effects of microplastics on marine animals and/or their associated microorganisms as two separate entities, the holistic perspective of the adaptability and fitness of a marine animal metaorganism-comprising the animal host and its microbiome-remains largely unexplored. In this study, mussel metaorganisms subjected chronic PS-MPs exposure experienced acute mortality but rapidly adapted. We investigated the response of innate immunity, digestive enzymes and their associated microbiomes to chronic PS-MPs exposure. We found that PS-MPs directly and indirectly interacted with the host and microbe within the exposure system. The adaptation was a joint effort between the physiological adjustments of mussel host and genetic adaptation of its microbiome. The mussel hosts exhibited increased antioxidant activity, denser gill filaments and increased immune cells, enhancing their innate immunity. Concurrently, the gill microbiome and the digestive gland microbiome respective selectively enriched for plastic-degrading bacteria and particulate organic matter-utilizing bacteria, facilitating the microbiome's adaptation. The microbial adaptation to chronic PS-MPs exposure altered the ecological roles of mussel microbiome, as evidenced by alterations in microbial interactions and nutrient cycling functions. These findings provided new insights into the ecotoxicological impact of microplastics on marine organisms from a metaorganism perspective.

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Improving immune function is an important indicator for establishing cold adaptation in broilers. In the study, to explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of intermittent and mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on the immune function of broilers, CIRP and TRPM8, induced by cold stimulation, as well as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways which play an important role in immune response, were selected to investigate. A total of 192 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were selected and randomly divided into the control group (CC) and the cold stimulation group (CS). The broilers in CC were raised at normal feeding temperature from d 1 to 43, while the broilers in CS were subjected to cold stimulation from day 15 to 35, with a temperature 3 °C below that of the CC group for 5 h, at 1 d intervals. The results showed that IMCS had little effect on the broiler hearts, and the myocardial structure was not damaged. On d 22, IMCS significantly increased the mRNA levels of CIRP, TRPM8, P65, P38, COX-2, TNF-α, IFN- γ, IL-6, IL-10, and the protein levels of CIRP, P65, P38, IL-1ß and iNOS in the hearts, and the levels of CIRP and all cytokines in the serum (P ≤ 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of IκB-α were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05). On d 36, the mRNA levels of TRPM8, P65, ERK, and IL-10 in the hearts and the content of COX-2 in the serum in CS were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), while the mRNA levels of IκB-α, P38, and IL-1ß were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). On d 43, IMCS significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of TRPM8, IFN- γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and the protein levels of IκB-α, P38, and the levels of iNOS, TNF-α, IL6 and IL10 in the serum (P ≤ 0.05); whereas it significantly downregulated CIRP, JNK, P38, iNOS, TNF-α mRNA levels, and CIRP, P65, ERK, JNK, IL1ß and iNOS protein levels (P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, IMCS can enhance broiler immune function through co-regulation of CIRP and TRPM8 on the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which facilitate the cold adaptation in broilers.

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It is still a great challenge to achieve high selectivity of ethanol in CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2RR) because of the similar reduction potentials and lower energy barrier of possible other C2+ products. Here, we report a MOF-based supported low-nuclearity cluster catalysts (LNCCs), synthesized by electrochemical reduction of three-dimensional (3D) microporous Cu-based MOF, that achieves a single-product Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 82.5 % at -1.0 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode) corresponding to the effective current density is 8.66 mA cm-2. By investigating the relationship between the species of reduction products and the types of catalytic sites, it is confirmed that the multi-site synergism of Cu LNCCs can increase the C-C coupling effect, and thus achieve high FE of CO2-to-ethanol. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculation and operando attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy further confirmed the reaction path and mechanism of CO2-to-EtOH.

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Background: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and is a common orbital condition that can possibly lead to blindness. Objective: Our aim was to find out how patients with GO are affected in terms of quality of life (QoL) by traditional nursing care and social support mobile care. Methods: A total of 38 patients with GO who were admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital in China between December 2018 and December 2023 underwent life evaluations before treatment, 6 weeks after treatment and 6 months after treatment. The control group comprised 27 patients and the experimental group comprised 11 patients. They were then split into 2 groups based on the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) improvement criteria: improved and unimproved. Then, the mean value of the Graves' Ophthalmopathy-Quality of Life Inventory (GO-QOL) alterations were compared to see if there was any difference, and their post-treatment QoL was examined. Results: (1) Patients who improved in this study had a mean change in visual energy scale scores before and after treatment that was higher than the patients who did not (13.39 vs 0.00, respectively); (2) The social functioning scores on the GO-QOL scale increased by 17.05 points in the control group before and after treatment (P < .01); (3) A total of 15.4% of patients had a GO-QOL score >90 after therapy, indicating a significant impact on their lives. In the experimental group, scores on the visual power energy scale improved by 16.27 points after treatment compared with before treatment (P = .028). Conclusion: When used in conjunction with traditional treatment, social supportive mobile care improves the outcomes in patients with GO and is superior to traditional care on its own.

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Cardiovascular disease stands as the leading cause of death globally, with hypertension emerging as an independent risk factor for its development. The worldwide prevalence of hypertension hovers around 30%, encompassing a staggering 1.2 billion patients, and continues to escalate annually. Medication plays a pivotal role in managing hypertension, not only effectively regulating blood pressure (BP) but also substantially mitigating the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This review comprehensively outlines the categories, mechanisms, clinical applications, and drawbacks of conventional antihypertensive drugs. It delves into the five primary pharmacological classifications, namely ß-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and diuretics. The emphasis is placed on elucidating the mechanisms, advantages, and research progress of novel antihypertensive drugs targeting emerging areas. These include mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs), neutral endopeptidase inhibitors (NEPIs), sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) agonists, brain aminopeptidase A inhibitors (APAIs), and small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) targeting hepatic angiotensinogen. Compared to conventional antihypertensive drugs, these novel alternatives exhibit favorable antihypertensive effects with minimal adverse reactions. This review serves as a valuable reference for future research and the clinical application of antihypertensive drugs.

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By integrating the successful case of the European Union emissions trading system, this study proposes a water emissions trading system, a novel method of reducing water pollution. Assuming that upstream governments allocate initial quotas to upstream businesses as the compensation standard, this approach defines the foundational principles of market trading mechanisms and establishes a robust watershed ecological compensation model to address challenges in water pollution prevention. To be specific, the government establishes a reasonable initial quota for upstream enterprises, which can be used to limit the emissions of upstream pollution. When enterprises exceed their allocated emissions quota, they face financial penalties. Conversely, these emissions rights can be transformed into profitable assets by participating in the trading market as a form of ecological compensation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that various pollutant emissions from upstream businesses will have various effects on the profits of other businesses. Businesses in the upstream region received reimbursement from the assigned emission rights through the market mechanism, demonstrating that ecological compensation for the watershed can be achieved through the market mechanism. This novel market trading system aims at controlling emissions management from the perspectives of individual enterprises and ultimately optimizing the aquatic environment.

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Existing studies on autonomous intersection management (AIM) primarily focus on traffic efficiency, often overlooking the overall intersection safety, where conflict separation is simplified and traffic conflicts are inadequately assessed. In this paper, we introduce a calculation method for the grid-based Post Encroachment Time (PET) and the total kinetic energy change before and after collisions. The improved grid-based PET metric provides a more accurate estimation of collision probability, and the total kinetic energy change serves as a precise measure of collision severity. Consequently, we establish the Grid-Based Conflict Index (GBCI) to systematically quantify collision risks between vehicles at an autonomous intersection. Then, we propose a traffic-safety-based AIM model aimed at minimizing the weighted sum of total delay and conflict risk at the intersection. This entails the optimization of entry time and trajectory for each vehicle within the intersection, achieving traffic control that prioritizes overall intersection safety. Our results demonstrate that GBCI effectively assesses conflict risks within the intersection, and the proposed AIM model significantly reduces conflict risks between vehicles and enhances traffic safety while ensuring intersection efficiency.

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Heavy metal (HM)-induced stress can lead to the enrichment of HMs in plants thereby threatening people's lives and health via the food chain. For this reason, there is an urgent need for some reliable and practical techniques to detect and analyze the absorption, distribution, accumulation, chemical form, and transport of HMs in plants for reducing or regulating HM content. Not only does it help to explore the mechanism of plant HM response, but it also holds significant importance for cultivating plants with low levels of HMs. Even though this field has garnered significant attention recently, only minority researchers have systematically summarized the different methods of analysis. This paper outlines the detection and analysis techniques applied in recent years for determining HM concentration in plants, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) and omics and molecular biology approaches. They can detect the chemical forms, spatial distribution, uptake and transport of HMs in plants. For this paper, the principles behind these techniques are clarified, their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted, their applications are explored, and guidance for selecting the appropriate methods to study HMs in plants is provided for later research. It is also expected to promote the innovation and development of HM-detection technologies and offer ideas for future research concerning HM accumulation in plants.

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The microbiological diagnosis of infection for hematological malignancy patients receiving chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients relies primarily on standard microbial culture, especially blood culture, which has many shortcomings, such as having low positive rates, being time-consuming and having a limited pathogenic spectrum. In this prospective observational self-controlled test accuracy study, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from chemotherapy or allo-HSCT patients with clinical symptoms of infections who were hospitalized at Peking University First Hospital. Possible pathogens were detected by the method based on recombinant mannan-binding lectin (MBL) magnetic bead enrichment (M1 method) and simultaneously by a standard method. The analytical sensitivity of M1 method was close to that of standard culture method. Besides, the turn-around time of M1-method was significantly shorter than that of standard culture method. Moreover, the M1 method also added diagnostic value through the detection of some clinically relevant microbes missed by the standard method. M1 method could significantly increase the detection efficiency of pathogens (including bacteria and fungi) in immunocompromised patients. KEY POINTS: • The detection results of M1-method had a high coincidence rate with that of standard method • M1 method detected many pathogens which had not been found by standard clinic method.

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Achieving the synergistic reduction of CO2 and air pollution emissions (SRCAPEs) holds great significance in promoting the green transformation. However, limited research has been conducted on the spatio-temporal impact of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on the synergy between CO2 and air pollution emissions (SCAPEs). To address this gap, we comprehensively employ the linear regression model, geographically and the temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model, and the ordered probit model to empirically analyze the influence of DIF on SCAPE. Our research reveals the following: (1) The linear regression model demonstrates that, on average, DIF can achieve a weak synergistic emission reduction effect. This result remains robust after a battery of robustness tests. (2) The GTWR model reveals that the impact of DIF on both emissions exhibits evident spatio-temporal characteristics. Its emission reduction effect gradually increases, especially after 2014. (3) On the basis of the estimates from the GTWR model, we can identify four distinct synergy types driven by DIF. The number of cities with the preferred type (i.e., achieving SRCAPE) increases the most, from 59 in 2011 to 233 in 2019. (4) On the basis of the built ordered probit models, green technology innovation is an important path for DIF to achieve synergistic emission reduction. The synergistic emission reduction effect is also significantly moderated by the regional economic level and environmental regulation intensity. Our findings have policy implications for central and local governments in achieving SRCAPE and support efforts to achieve sustainable development.

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Intermittent cold stimulation (ICS) enhances broilers' resistance to cold stress. Nonetheless, further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that enhance cold stress resistance. A total of 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups (CC and CS5), with the CC group managing temperature according to the standard for broiler growth stages, while the CS5 group were subjected to cold stimulation at a temperature 3℃ lower than the CC group for 5 h, every 2 d from 15 to 35 d. Sampling was conducted at 36 d (36D), 50 d (50D) and after acute cold stress for 24 h (Y24). First, we examined the effects of ICS on broiler growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism. The results demonstrated that ICS enhanced the performance of broilers to a certain degree. Specifically, the average weight gain in the CS5 group was significantly higher than that of the CC group, and the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased compared to CC at 4 W and 6 W (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CC group, cold stimulation significantly reduced drip loss, shearing force, and yellowness (a* value) of chicken meat, while significantly increased redness (b* value) (P ≤ 0.05). At Y24, the levels of T-AOC and GSH-PX in the serum of the CS5 group were significantly higher than those of the CC group, while the level of MDA was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05). The content of TG, FFA, and VLDL in the serum of the CS5 group was significantly elevated, whereas the level of TC and HDL was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, we further explored whether AMPK-mTOR pathway is involved in the regulation of changes in lipid metabolism and the possible regulatory mechanisms downstream of the signaling pathway. The results showed that ICS significantly upregulated the expression levels of AMPK mRNA and protein in the liver of the CS5 group at 36D and Y24, while significantly down-regulating mTOR (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CC group, ICS significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of lipid synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (SREBP1c, FAS, SCD, ACC, GRP78 and PERK) at 36D and Y24, while significantly up-regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid decomposition and autophagy-related genes (PPAR and LC3) (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, at Y24, the protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GRP78) in the CS5 group were significantly lower, while autophagy-related genes (LC3 and ATG7) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). ICS can affect meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers, and when broilers are subjected to acute cold stress, broilers trained with cold stimulation have stronger lipid metabolism capacity.

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To investigate the potential protective effect of intermittent cold stimulation on lung tissues of broilers exposed to acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were assigned to 4 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 16 birds each: control (CON) and ACS groups were reared at normal feeding temperature from d 1 to 42; cold treatment groups (CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS) were reared, respectively, at 3°C or 9°C for 5 h on alternate days below the CON group from d 15 to 35. Animals in CS3+ACS, CS9+ACS, and ACS groups were exposed at 10°C for 24 h on d 43. Subsequently, lung tissues were collected to perform histopathological examination and measurement of relevant indexes. The results showed that lung tissues in CS9+ACS and ACS groups exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltrates and collagen deposition compared to the CON group, while this pathological phenomenon was less pronounced in the CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, H2O2 and MDA contents were increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, T-AOC) were reduced in CS9+ACS and ACS group (P < 0.05); mRNA and protein levels of inhibitor of NF-κB, Smad7, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2, MMP9, and antioxidant-related genes were downregulated, whereas mRNA and protein levels of genes related to NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-regulated inflammation and TGF-ß1/Smad pathway-regulated fibrosis were upregulated in cold-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, and MMP9 were increased in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of most antioxidant-related genes was increased, and that of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes was reduced in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to pulmonary fibrosis in broilers, whereas intermittent mild cold stimulation at 3°C below normal rearing temperature alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-ß1/Smad pathway modulated by the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This study suggests that intermittent mild cold stimulation can be a potential strategy to reduce ACS-induced lung damage in broilers.

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To investigate the effect of intermittent cold stimulation on cardiac energy metabolism and cold resistance of broilers, 288 broilers were divided into 3 groups: control group (CC) and 2 cold stimulation groups (CS3 and CS9). The CS3 and CS9 groups received cold stimulation at temperatures of 3°C and 9°C lower than CC group for 5 h from d 15 to 35. Three groups were subjected to acute cold stress (ACS) of 10°C for 12 and 24 h at 44 d. Performance, cardiac histopathological changes, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and lipid metabolism levels were measured. Results showed that the performance was not different among groups at 22 and 29 d (P > 0.05), but the mRNA levels of Acyl CoA synthase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) and acyl-coenzyme oxidase (ACO) in CS group were upregulated compared to CC group (P < 0.05). At 36 d, the performance of the CS3 group was better than the other 2 groups, myocardial structure was normal and other lipid metabolism indexes, except for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) levels, were similar to those of CC group (P > 0.05). The myocardial fiber disorder, Triglyceride (TG), and leptin (LEP) contents were significantly lower in CS9 group than in CC and CS3 groups at 36 d (P < 0.05). The HSP protein levels were significantly higher in CS group than in CC group before ACS (P < 0.05). After 24 h of ACS, the mRNA of lipid metabolism genes, the protein levels of HSP40 and HSP60, and the contents of TG and LEP in the CS3 group were upregulated compared to other groups. The CC and CS9 groups showed myocardial structure was destroyed, with lower TG and LEP levels compared to before ACS (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stimulation at 3°C lower than the normal feeding temperature for 5 h did not impair performance but can increase the resistance of broilers to ACS by promoting lipid metabolism.

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Objective To summarize the multi slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT)features of bronchiolar adenoma(BA).Methods The imaging data of 9 cases of BA confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively,and relevant literature was also reviewed.Results Among the 9 cases of BA,there were 8 cases with peripheral BA(away from the pleura≤5 mm)inclu-ding 4 cases close to the pleura and 1 case in central area.BA were located in the superior lobe of the right lung in 3 cases,the middle lobe of the right lung in 2,the inferior lobe of the right lung in 2,and the inferior lobe of the left lung in 2.Five cases were solid nod-ules,2 were ground-glass nodules and other 2 were cystic cavity nodules.In 2 cases of the solid nodules,the boundary on the non-venous side was blurred.In the 1 case of the ground-glass nodule,linear and reticular shadows were observed in the lesion,accompanied by a blurred boundary.2 nodules had mild pleura indentation,and other 7 nodules were found blood vessels entering into or adhering to the lesion,3 of which were accompanied by vascular thickening.In 8 cases with 2-48 month followed up,1 cystic cavity nodule was accompa-nied by obstructive pneumonia and then inflammatory absorption,1 solid nodule enlarged accompanied by the appearance of vacuoles,and the rest 6 had no changes.One central type nodule was operated after the CT examination.Conclusion BA are mainly manifes-ted as peripheral nodules of the lung,mostly close to the pleura and away from the pleura≤5 mm.Most BA are solid nodules,and sometimes are ground-glass or cystic cavity nodules.Some nodules show blurred boundaries or inflammation on the non-venous side,and few nodules increase during follow-up,with or without small vacuoles.

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Conductive hydrogels usually suffer from weak mechanical properties and are easily destroyed, resulting in limited applications in flexible electronics. Concurrently, adding conductive additives to the hydrogel solution increases the probability of agglomeration and uneven dispersion issues. In this study, the biocompatible natural polymer chitosan was used as the network substrate. The rigid network employed was the Cit3-ion crosslinked chitosan (CS) network, and the MBA chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) network was used as the flexible network. Tannic acid-reduced graphene oxide (TA-rGO), which has excellent conductivity and dispersibility, is used as a conductive filler. Thus, a CS/TA-rGO/PAM double network conductive hydrogel with excellent performance, high toughness, high conductivity, and superior sensing sensitivity was prepared. The prepared CS/TA-rGO/PAM double network conductive hydrogels have strong tensile properties (strain and toughness as high as 2009 % and 1045 kJ/cm3), excellent sensing sensitivity (GF value was 4.01), a wider strain detection range, high cycling stability and durability, good biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. The hydrogel can be assembled into flexible wearable devices that can not only dynamically detect human movements, such as joint bending, facial expression changes, swallowing, and saying, but also recognize handwriting and enable human-computer interaction.

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This study uses a two-step approach to construct a multi-period double-difference model and introduces a quasi-natural experiment of the Broadband China pilot policy to investigate whether household financial market participation at the urban level is affected by the digital economy, which is significant for promoting Chinese households' shift from savings to investment and alleviating the long-standing problem of insufficient household financial market participation in China. In terms of direct impact, the digital economy increases the household financial market participation rate of urban residents by 3.26%, and increases the financial market participation rate of highly financially literate households by 2.14%; in terms of indirect impact, the development of the digital economy increases the total number of household smart Internet devices by 8.27%, and similarly increases the attention to household financial information by a significant 4.22%, which further positively influences the household financial market participation rate. This paper also evaluates the individual and regional differences of the digital economy on household financial market participation, and the estimated causal effect of the digital economy on household financial market participation is purer, which expands the scope of research on the digital economy and household financial market participation, and provides a certain reference basis and policy inspiration for the government to promote the construction of the digital economy.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of cold adaptation on the neuroendocrine and cardiac substance metabolism pathways in broilers. The broilers were divided into the control group (CC), cold adaptation group (C3), and cold-stressed group (C9), and experimental period was divided into the training period (d 1-35), recovery period (d 36-43), and cold stress period (d 43-44). During the training period, the CC group was reared at ambient temperature, while C3 and C9 groups were reared at 3 °C and 9 °C lower than the ambient temperature, respectively, for 5 h/d at 1 d intervals. During the recovery period, all the groups were maintained at 20 °C. Lastly, during the cold stress period, the groups were divided into two sub-groups, and each sub-group was placed at 10 °C for 12 h (Y12) or 24 h (Y24) for acute cold stimulation. The blood, hypothalamic, and cardiac tissues samples were obtained from all the groups during the training, recovery, and acute stress periods. The results revealed that the transcription of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 C (CACNAIC) was increased in the hypothalamic tissues of the C3 group (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared to the CC group, the serum norepinephrine (NE) was increased in the C9 group (p < 0.05), but insulin (INS) was decreased in the C9 group (p < 0.05). In addition, the transcription of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), SREBP1c, FASN, ACC1, and SCD genes was down-regulated in the C3 and C9 groups (p < 0.05); however, their expression increased in the C3 and C9 groups after acute cold stimulation (p < 0.05). Compared to the CC group, the transcription of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), PEPCK, G6Pase, GLUT1, HK1, PFK, and LDHB genes was up-regulated in the C3 and C9 groups (p < 0.05. Furthermore, compared to the CC and C9 groups, the protein and mRNA expressions of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP90 were significantly increased in the C3 group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that intermittent cold training can enhance cold stress tolerance in broilers by regulating their neuroendocrine and cardiac substance metabolism pathways.

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For each road crash event, it is necessary to predict its injury severity. However, predicting crash injury severity with the imbalanced data frequently results in ineffective classifier. Due to the rarity of severe injuries in road traffic crashes, the crash data is extremely imbalanced among injury severity classes, making it challenging to the training of prediction models. To achieve interclass balance, it is possible to generate certain minority class samples using data augmentation techniques. Aiming to address the imbalance issue of crash injury severity data, this study applies a novel deep learning method, the Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP), to investigate a massive amount of crash data, which can generate synthetic injury severity data linked to traffic crashes to rebalance the dataset. To evaluate the effectiveness of the WGAN-GP model, we systematically compare performances of various commonly-used sampling techniques (random under-sampling, random over-sampling, synthetic minority over-sampling technique and adaptive synthetic sampling) with respect to dataset balance and crash injury severity prediction. After rebalancing the dataset, this study categorizes the crash injury severity using logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, random forest, AdaBoost and XGBoost. The AUC, specificity and sensitivity are employed as evaluation indicators to compare the prediction performances. Results demonstrate that sampling techniques can considerably improve the prediction performance of minority classes in an imbalanced dataset, and the combination of XGBoost and WGAN-GP performs best with an AUC of 0.794 and a sensitivity of 0.698. Finally, the interpretability of the model is improved by the explainable machine learning technique SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation), allowing for a deeper understanding of the effects of each variable on crash injury severity. Findings of this study shed light on the prediction of crash injury severity with data imbalance using data-driven approaches.

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Near-infrared photobiomodulation has been identified as a potential strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect remain poorly characterize. Herein, it is illustrate that 1070-nm light induces the morphological alteration of microglia from an M1 to M2 phenotype that secretes exosomes, which alleviates the ß-amyloid burden to improve cognitive function by ameliorating neuroinflammation and promoting neuronal dendritic spine plasticity. The results show that 4 J cm-2 1070-nm light at a 10-Hz frequency prompts microglia with an M1 inflammatory type to switch to an M2 anti-inflammatory type. This induces secretion of M2 microglial-derived exosomes containing miR-7670-3p, which targets activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, it is found that miR-7670-3p reduces ATF6 expression to further ameliorate ER stress, thus attenuating the inflammatory response and protecting dendritic spine integrity of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, ultimately leading to improvements in cognitive function. This study highlights the critical role of exosomes derive from 1070-nm light-modulated microglia in treating AD mice, which may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of AD with the use of near-infrared photobiomodulation.

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