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Understanding the mechanisms underlying diapause formation is crucial for gaining insight into adaptive survival strategies across various species. In this study, we aimed to uncover the pivotal role of temperature and food availability in regulating diapausing podocyst formation in the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. Furthermore, we explored the cellular and molecular basis of diapause formation using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results showed cell-type-specific transcriptional landscapes during podocyst formation, which were underscored by the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. In addition, we found that the heat shock protein-coding genes HSC70 and HSP90a potentially act as hub genes that regulate podocyst formation. Finally, we mapped the single-cell atlas of diapausing podocysts and identified cell types involved in metabolism, environmental sensing, defence and development that may collectively contribute to the long-term survival and regulated excystment of diapausing podocysts. Taken together, the findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate diapause formation and contributes to a better understanding of adaptive survival strategies in a variety of ecological contexts.

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Objective: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable dilemma when previously ischemic multiple organs and tissues are returned to a state of blood flow, with confirming a critical role of ferroptosis in molecular, pathway mechanisms, subcellular structure. Discovering the potential relationship may provide useful approaches for the clinical treatment and prognosis of the pathophysiological status of IRI. Therefore, a comprehensive visualization and scientometric analysis were conducted to systematically summarize and discuss the "ferroptosis in ischemia reperfusion injury" research to demonstrate directions for scholars in this field. Methods: We retrieved all publications focusing on I/R injury and ferroptosis from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), published from 2013 to October 2022. Next, scientometric analysis of different items was performed using various bibliometrics softwares to explore the annual trends, countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors and their multi-dimensional relationship pointing to current hotspots and future advancement in this field. Results: We included a total of 421 English articles in set timespan. The number of publications increased steadily annually. China produced the highest number of publications, followed by the United States. Most publications were from Central South University, followed by Sichuan University and Wuhan University. The most authoritative academic journal was Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Cell occupied the first rank of co-cited journal list. Andreas Linkermann and Scott J Dixon may have the highest influence in this intersected field with the highest number of citations and co-cited references respectively. The essential biological reactions such as oxidative stress response, lipid peroxidation metabolism, anti-inflammmatory and pro-inflammatory procedure, and related molecular pathways were knowledge base and current hotspots. Molecules pathways exploration, effective inhibition of I/R injury and promising strategy of improving allografts may become future trends and focuses. Conclusions: Research on ferroptosis in I/R injury had aroused great interest recently. This first bibliometric study comprehensively analyzed the research landscape of ferroptosis and I/R injury, and also provided a reliable reference for related scholars to facilitate further advancement in this field.

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The upward migration of methane from natural gas wells associated with fracking operations may lead to contamination of groundwater resources and surface leakage. Numerical simulations of methane transport in the subsurface environment require knowledge of methane solubility in the aqueous phase. This study employs machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict methane solubility in aquatic systems for temperatures ranging from 273.15 to 518.3 K and pressures ranging from 1 to 1570 bar. Four regression algorithms including regression tree (RT), boosted regression tree (BRT), least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) were utilized for predicting methane solubility in pure water and mixed aquatic systems containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO4-2. The experimental data collected from the literature were used to implement the models. We used Grid search (GS), Random search (RS) and Bayesian optimization (BO) for tuning hyper-parameters of the ML models. Moreover, the predicted values of methane solubility were compared against Spivey et al. (2004) and Duan and Mao (2006) equations of state. The results show that the BRT-BO model is the most rigorous model for the prediction task. The coefficient of determination (R2) between experimental and predicted values is 0.99 and the mean squared error (MSE) is 1.19 × 10-7. The performance of the BRT-BO model is satisfactory, showing an acceptable agreement with experimental data. The comparison results demonstrated the superior performance of the BRT-BO model for predicting methane solubility in aquatic systems over a span of temperature, pressure and ionic strength that occurs in deep marine environments.

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AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Several clinical trials reported the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors in type 1 diabetes patients. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of SGLT inhibitors in type 1 diabetes patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant studies were identified in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang databases through 1 April 2020. Differences were expressed as the 95% confidence interval (CI) or weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous outcomes, and risk ratio (RR) for discontinuous outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 13 RCTs with 7,962 cases were included. SGLT inhibitors reduced the fasting plasma glucose level (WMD -1.320 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.609 to -1.031, P < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin level (WMD -0.386%, 95% CI -0.431 to -0.342, P < 0.001) and daily total insulin dose (WMD -5.403, 95% CI -7.218 to -3.859, P < 0.001). However, higher risks of diabetic ketoacidosis (RR 5.042, 95% CI 3.160-8.046, P < 0.001), urinary tract infections (RR 1.259, 95% CI 1.034-1.533,P = 0.022) and genital infections (RR 2.995, 95% CI 1.953-4.594, P < 0.001) were associated with SGLT inhibitors, but SGLT inhibitors did not increase the hypoglycemia risk (RR 0.980, 95% CI 0.840-1.144,P = 0.799). In subgroup analysis, with a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and daily insulin doses, SGLT1/2 inhibitor did not increase genitourinary tract infections compared with a placebo. CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2 and SGLT1/2 inhibitors can improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.

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Objective: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an autoimmune diabetes characterized by slowly progressive of ß-cell function deterioration. Our previous finding demonstrated that neutrophil numbers and migration abilities display distinct levels in different types of diabetes, including LADA, whereas its pathological alterations in the development of LADA remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the changes in transcriptional levels of peripheral neutrophils in newly diagnosed LADA. Methods: Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from newly diagnosed LADA patients (n = 5) and age-and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 5). The Transcriptomic signature was determined by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were screened, followed by analyzing downstream Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied for validation in LADA patients (n = 9) and age-and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 18), including sequencing samples. Results: Compared with controls, 4105 DEG were screened in LADA patients, including 2661 upregulated and 1444 downregulated DEG. In GO analysis, DEG are mainly involved in leukocyte degranulation, myeloid cell differentiation, and immune response-regulating signaling. The top enriched KEGG pathways included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, adhesion molecule signaling, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and Th17 cell differentiation. Consistent with RNA-seq results, SELL, ITGA4, ITGAM, NCF4, ARHGAP3, and CLDN15 are upregulated in neutrophils by qPCR. Conclusion: The present study results provided a profile of DEG in the newly diagnosed LADA of south China. Our study reveals an abnormality in neutrophil disposition at the transcriptional level in LADA. Several essential genes may be involved in of LADA's pathological process, which may be useful to guide prediction for LADA and further investigation into the pathogenesis for this disease.

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