RESUMEN
The genetic profile is one of the major possible causes of spindle cell sarcoma. Irradiation has also been linked to this type of cancer. This means that if tissues have already been irradiated for other types of cancer, they can afterwards develop this form of sarcoma. Also, previous radiotherapy can determine specific genetic alterations, which result to uncontrolled cell division, that is neoplasia. We report one such cause in a female patient 80 years old with a uterus adenocarcinoma (endometrioid type) FIGO Stage IC, who had been treated with surgical resection and pelvic irradiation. Ten years after radiotherapy a vaginal spindle cell sarcoma was diagnosed by cytology (Pap smear) and confirmed by histology and immunohistology. This case is presented to focus the ability of cytology in diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma in Pap smear with confirmation by histo-immunohistology.